Kolkata Metro Line 1

Kolkata Metro Line 1 North–South Metro
Kolkata Metro
Overview
Status	Operational
Owner	Metro Railway, Kolkata
Locale	Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
Termini	Dakshineswar (North) Kavi Subhash (South)
Connecting lines	Line 2   Line 3   Line 4   Line 5   Line 6
Stations	26
Website	https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Kolkata Metro
Operator(s)	Metro Railway, Kolkata Indian Railways
Depot(s)	Noapara, Tollygunge and New Garia
Rolling stock	Integral Coach Factory (ICF) and CRRC Dalian
Daily ridership	600,000 to 650,000 (Weekdays)
Ridership	380,000 (Weekends)
History
Opened	24 October 1984; 37 years ago (1984-10-24)
Last extension	Dakshineswar (2021)
Technical
Line length	31.3 kilometres (19.4 mi) [1]
Number of tracks	2
Character	Surface – 2 Underground – 15 Elevated – 9
Track gauge	5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge
Electrification	750 V DC using Third rail
Operating speed	55 km/h (in service)
Signalling	Indian Railways signalling system
Route map Legend Chord link line to Dankuni Dakshineswar  Line 5  to Barrackpore Baranagar Eastern line to Ranaghat Noapara Depot Noapara Keshtopur Canal  Line 4  to Barasat Eastern line to Bongaon Dum Dum Belgachia Circular line & Sealdah South lines Circular Canal Shyambazar Shobhabazar Sutanuti Girish Park Mahatma Gandhi Road Central Chandni Chowk  Line 2  ← to Howrah Maidan to Teghoria → Esplanade Park Street  Line 3  to Diamond Park Maidan Rabindra Sadan Netaji Bhavan Jatin Das Park Kalighat Tollygunge Rabindra Sarobar Circular line & Sealdah South lines Mahanayak Uttam Kumar Tollygunge depot Netaji Masterda Surya Sen Gitanjali Kavi Nazrul Shahid Khudiram  Line 6  to Biman Bandar Sealdah South lines to Sealdah Kavi Subhash New Garia depot Sealdah South lines to Namkhana

The Line 1, also known as North–South Metro of the Kolkata Metro, is a rapid transit system serving South 24 Parganas,Kolkata and North 24 Parganas in Indian state of West Bengal. It consists of 26 operational stations from Dakshineswar to Kavi Subhash, of which 9 are elevated, 2 are at grade and the remaining 15 are underground with a total distance of 31.3 km. The line connects Dakshineswar and New Garia and uses 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm) broad gauge rolling stock. Dakshineswar was opened on 22 February 2021 and is elevated and is located 4.1 km (2.5 mi) north of Noapara . It was the first underground railway to be built in India, with the first operations commencing in October 1984 and the full stretch that was initially planned being operational by February 1995. On 28 December 2010, it became the 17th zone of the Indian Railways.^[2] Being the country's first, and a completely indigenous process, the construction of the Kolkata Metro was more of a trial-and-error affair, in contrast to the Delhi Metro, which has seen the involvement of numerous international consultants. As a result, it took nearly 23 years to completely construct around 15 km underground railway from Birpara up to Tollygunge Metro Station.

Public transport experts have suggested that the line be extended from Dakshineswar to Bally (where it can connect with local trains of the Howrah division of Eastern Railway) and eventually to Dankuni, an emerging industrial city.

History[]

The laying of the founding stone was done in 1972, but actual construction of line 1 started only in 1978. Line 1 is 31.38 km long with 26 stations (see above). Running of the first metro car on the line by 1984 was considered a great engineering challenge. Former railways minister A. B. A. Ghani Khan Chowdhury took a massive effort to perform it. The first section opened between Esplanade & Bhawanipore (now called Netaji Bhawan). First day Metro Railway Kolkata was started by Sri Tapan Kumar Nath and Sri Sanjay Sil. There were no connections of this stretch with the two depots at Dum Dum & Tollygunge (Now called Mahanayak Uttam Kumar). So metro cars had to be put down on the track near Esplanade by crane, by directly digging the road surface. Initially, only four-car trains were run until 1986. There were no magnetic gates or escalators at that time and ordinary revolving gates served as exits. The Metro too operated on only a single line. Two years later, line 1 extended up to Tollygunge, at the southern end. At the same time, the metro service was extended to the double line. Magnetic tickets and more entry gates were also introduced at that time. The number of compartments in each train was increased to eight.

Metro service was also started from Dum Dum, at the northern end, to Belgachia in parallel with the extension of the line to the south. But this short portion was not popular and the service was closed down to be restarted when the entire stretch along the north–south corridor was completed.

After 1986 many political incidents hampered the construction, and work almost stopped for nearly six years. After restarting work, the Dum Dum to Shyambazar metro service was started in 1994. This portion was served by four-car trains. Two months later, the Esplanade – Chandni Chowk section was opened and Chandni Chowk – Central section opened three months later. The service from Dum Dum to Tollygunge started in 1995, with Mahatma Gandhi Road metro station, opening in 1996. During this time, more magnetic gates and escalators were added and the revolving gates were slowly phased out.

In 2009, a large number of stations on Line 1 were renamed by then Minister of Railways Mamata Banerjee.^[3]

On 22 February 2021, the Noapara – Dakshineswar stretch was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

Timeline[]

The following dates represent the dates the section opened to the public, not the private inauguration.

List of stations (North to South)[]

The stations of this Corridors are:

Line 1 (North-South Corridor)
No.	Station Name		Location	Phase	Opening	Connections	Layout	Platform Type	Depot	Coordinates	Notes
	English	Bengali
1	Dakshineswar	দক্ষিণেশ্বর	Dakshineswar	7	22 February 2021	Dakshineswar Dakshineswar Bus Stand Alambazar More bus Stop Ma Bhabotarini Jetty Ghat	Elevated	Side	–
2	Baranagar	বরাহনগর	Baranagar			Line 5  (Planned) Baranagar Road Dunlop Bus Stand				22°37′23″N 88°25′38″E / 22.62306°N 88.42722°E / 22.62306; 88.42722	Also known as Dunlop Crossing[4]
3	Noapara	নোয়াপাড়া	Noapara	6	10 July 2013	Line 4  (Under Construction) 34C Bus Stand Health More Bus Stop Gharui Paschimpara Bus Stop		Both side & island	Noapara depot	22°38′23″N 88°23′38″E / 22.63972°N 88.39389°E / 22.63972; 88.39389Coordinates: 22°38′23″N 88°23′38″E / 22.63972°N 88.39389°E / 22.63972; 88.39389
4	Dum Dum	দমদম	Dum Dum	1B	12 November 1984	Dum Dum Jn Dum Dum Station Bus Stop		Side	–
5	Belgachhia	বেলগাছিয়া	Belgachia			Belgachia Tram Depot Belgachia Bus Depot Belgachia Metro Bus Stop Belgachia More Bus Stop	Underground	Island
6	Shyambazaar	শ্যামবাজার	Shyambazar	3A	15 February 1995	Shyambazar Tram Depot Shyambazar Metro Bus Stop Shyambazar 5 Point Bus Stop Shyambazar Bus Stand|| ||
7	Shobhabazar Sutanuti	শোভাবাজার সুতানুটি	Shobhabazar			Shobhabazar Metro Bus Stop Jaipuria College Bus Stop
8	Girish Park	গিরিশ পার্ক	Jorasanko			Girish Park Bus Stop					Also known as Jorasanko
9	Mahatma Gandhi Road	মহাত্মা গান্ধী রোড	Burrabazar	3B	27 September 1995	Mahajati Sadan Bus Stop Ram Mandir Bus Stop Muhammad Ali Park Bus Stop Muhammad Ali Park Tram Stop|| ||Also known as Mahajati Sadan
10	Central	সেন্ট্রাল	Boubazar	3A	15 February 1995	Central Avenue Bus Stop Central Metro Station Bus Stop School of Tropical Medicine Bus Stop Medical College Bus Stop		Both side & island			Also known as Bowbazar
11	Chandni Chowk	চাঁদনি চক	Chandni Chowk			Chandni Chowk Bus Stop Victoria House Bus Stop		Island
12	Esplanade	এসপ্ল্যানেড	Dharmatala	1A	24 October 1984	Line 2  (Under Construction)  Line 3  (Under Construction) Esplanade Tram Depot Esplanade Bus Station(WBTC,CTC,SBSTC,NBSTC)|| ||International Bus Terminus. Also known as Dharmatala / Chowringhee
13	Park Street	পার্ক স্ট্রীট	Park Street			Line 3  (Under Construction) Park Street Bus Stop		Side			Now Mother Teresa Sarani
14	Maidan	ময়দান	Maidan			Maidan Bus Stop		Island
15	Rabindra Sadan	রবীন্দ্র সদন	Rabindra Sadan			Exide More Bus Stop Rabindra Sadan Bus Stop Chowringhee Road-Calcutta Club Bus Stop					Also known as Exide
16	Netaji Bhavan	নেতাজি ভবন	Bhawanipore			Netaji Bhawan Bus Stop Jadu Babur Bazar Bus Stop					Also known as Bhawanipore
17	Jatin Das Park	যতীন দাস পার্ক		2	29 April 1986	Hazra Bus Stop Jatin Das Park Bus Stop Sujata Sadan Bus Stop					Also known as Hazra
18	Kalighat	কালীঘাট	Kalighat			Rasbehari Crossing Tram Stop Rashbehari Crossing Bus Stop Rashbehari Gurudwara Bus Stop					Also known as Rashbehari
19	Rabindra Sarobar	রবীন্দ্র সরোবর	Rabindra Sarobar			Tollygunge Charu Market Tram Stop Rabindra Sarobar Bus Stop Bhabani Cinema Bus Stop					Also known as Charu Market
20	Mahanayak Uttam Kumar	মহানায়ক উত্তমকুমার	Tollygunge			Tollygunge Tram Depot Tollygunge Bus Depot Tollygunge Tram Depot Bus Stop	At Grade	Both side & island	Tollygunge depot		Also known as Tollygunge
21	Netaji	নেতাজি	Kudghat	4	22 August 2009	Kudghat Bus Stand	Elevated	Side	–		Also known as Kudghat
22	Masterda Surya Sen	মাস্টারদা সূর্য সেন	Bansdroni			Bansdroni Bus Stand					Also known as Bansdroni
23	Gitanjali	গীতাঞ্জলি	Naktala			Rathtala Bus Stop Naktala Minibus Stand Bunty Cinema Bus Stop					Also known as Naktala
24	Kavi Nazrul	কবি নজরুল	Garia			Garia Metro Bus Stop Garia More Bus Stop Garia Bazar Bus Stop Garia 6 Number Bus Stand Garia 5 Number Bus Stand					Also known as Garia Bazar
25	Shahid Khudiram	শহিদ ক্ষুদিরাম		5	7 October 2010	Khudiram Metro Bus Stop Dhalai Bridge Bus Stop					Also known as Dhalai Bridge
26	Kavi Subhash	কবি সুভাষ	New Garia			Line 6  (Under Construction) New Garia New Garia Bus Stand	At Grade		New Garia depot		Also known as New Garia

Kolkata Metro near Dum Dum metro station

Alignment & interchanges[]

Dakshineswar, Baranagar, Dum Dum, Park Street, Mahanayak Uttam Kumar, Netaji, Masterda Surya Sen, Gitanjali, Kavi Nazrul, Shahid Khudiram and Kavi Subhash have side platforms; all other stations have island platforms. Central and Noapara are exceptions as they have both platforms on the sides as well as in the centre. Dakshineswar, Baranagar, Dum Dum, Rabindra Sarovar & Kavi Subhash have connections to interchange with Kolkata Suburban Railway. Shyambazar, Mahatma Gandhi Road, Esplanade, Kalighat, Rabindra Sarobar & Mahanayak Uttam Kumar stations have connections to the tram network. EM Bypass can be accessed from the Shahid Khudiram metro station and Kavi Subhash metro station.

Extension up to New Garia (2010)[]

Mamata Banerjee during her first tenure as the railway minister initiated the project of Tollygunge – Garia metro extension. During her second tenure (2009–2011) she inaugurated the extension, and also introduced new Air Conditioned rakes, manufactured indigenously at the Integral Coach Factory.

The new extension to Garia Bazar in the south opened to the public on 23 August 2009. The Garia Bazar station was named after Kavi Nazrul. A final extension, in the southern end, from Kavi Nazrul (Garia Bazar) to Kavi Subhash (New Garia) was inaugurated on 7 October 2010, bringing the total number of stations to 23. On the same day, two Air-Conditioned rakes were also pressed into service.

Extension up to Noapara (2013) and Dakshineswar (2021)[]

The line was extended up to Noapara from Dum Dum on 10 July 2013. The line was further extended from Noapara to Dakshineswar (4.1 km) is now complete & operational. It will be met by a metro line from Barrackpore at Baranagar (12.5 km).^[5] Trial runs for this stretch started on 23 December 2020, after delay due to COVID-19 pandemic. The stretch was inaugurated on 22 February 2021 & commercial operations began from the following day.^[6]

The stations on this stretch are :

1. Noapara
2. Baranagar
3. Dakshineswar

Features[]

Technical features[]

A metro car is getting ready for the journey towards Kavi Subhas (New Garia) at Dum Dum

Metro construction is of a very complex nature requiring the application of several new technologies in the fields of civil, electrical, signaling and telecommunication engineering. Indian engineers backed by their own experience and supplemented by their studies abroad adopted advanced technologies in the following fields for the first time in India.

• Cut and cover method of construction using diaphragm walls and sheet piles.
• Use of extensive decking to keep the traffic flowing over the cut while construction is in progress underneath.
• Shield tunneling using compressed air and airlocks.
• Ballastless track using elastic fastenings, rubber pads, epoxy mortar and nylon inserts.
• Air-conditioning and ventilation system for environmental control of stations and tunnels.
• Third Rail current collection system for traction.
• Underground substations with dry-type transformers and SF₆ circuit breakers.
• Tunnel-Train VHF-radio communication system.
• Microprocessor-based train control and supervisory remote control system for substations.
• Automatic ticket vending and checking system.

Salient features[]

Rolling stock[]

Kolkata Metro Old fleet

The whole fleet is vestibuled. Carbodies and mechanical components were made by ICF with electrical components made by NGEF, Bangalore. The fleet is unique in that it is the only railroad equipment in India with end-mounted cab doors (except for some of the WAG-6 series locomotives).

ICF has specifically designed, manufactured and supplied these cars for the first underground railway system. The special features incorporated are:

• Traction power supply through third rail current collection system.
• Automatic door opening/closing and continuous monitoring of the transit.
• Automatic Train Stop (ATS) system which will automatically apply the brakes in case of human failure.
• Automatic train operation (ATO) with the driver acting as the train supervisor (optional).
• A public address system is provided on the trains to announce approaching stations. A central dispatcher can contact any of the train crew and also make important announcements directly to passengers over the system.

With all these features, the design and manufacturing process of these cars to a very high standard of reliability and safety has been a challenge. This was achieved without any technical collaboration.

Reservation for women[]

In 2008, the Kolkata Metro Railway experimented with the practice of reserving two entire compartments for women.^[7]

This system was found to be ineffective and caused inconvenience for a lot of commuters (including women) and the plan was eventually dropped by the metro authority. But a certain section of seats in each of the eight compartments is reserved for women.

Problems with this line[]

The coaches were manufactured by ICF with no air-conditioning. Indian Railways signalling was adopted instead of European signalling.^[8]

The founder of Delhi Metro, E. Sreedharan said Indian Railways are not experts at urban transport, and misplanned the Kolkata metro from the beginning.^[8] A private company should run the metro and can bring it up to standard in five years.^[8]

Since Kolkata Metro is under Indian Railways, it can't take its own independent decisions. It has to rely on Indian Railways for everything (like rakes etc.). The rakes are ordered directly from ICF without floating any global tenders. And ICF being inexperienced in manufacturing metro rakes, has delivered faulty rakes. Thus causing snags and accidents.

See also[]

• List of Kolkata metro stations
• Kolkata Metro Rolling Stock
• Trams in Kolkata
• Kolkata Suburban Railway

References[]

External links[]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kolkata Metro Line 1.

• Old Official Website for line 1
• New Official Website for all lines