Kyirong language

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Kyirong
  • Lende
  • Kyerung
स्युबा
RegionTibet
Native speakers
100 (2002, Ethnologue)
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
Language codes
ISO 639-3kgy
Glottologkyer1238  Kyerung

Kyirong is a language from the subgroup of Tibetic languages[1] spoken in the Gyirong County of the Shigatse prefecture, of the Tibetan Autonomous Region.

Kyirong has lexical tone, with a three-tone system.[2]

Relationship to other languages[]

There is a varying degree of mutual intelligibility between Kyirong and other Kyirong-Yolmo varieties. It is most closely related to the Nubri and Gyalsomdo languages,[3] and more distantly related to other languages in the family.[4]

Phonology[]

Consonants[]

There are 36 consonants in Kyirong, which are summarized in the table below.[2]

Bilabial Apico-Dental Retroflex Lamino-
post-alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t ts ʈ tɕ c k
aspirated pʰ tʰ tsʰ ʈʰ tɕʰ cʰ kʰ
voiced b d dz ɖ dʑ ɟ ɡ
Fricative voiceless s ɕ h
voiced z ʑ ɦ
Liquid rhotic r
voiced lateral l
unvoiced lateral ɬ
Semivowel w j

Vowels[]

There are eight places of articulation for vowels. There is a length distinction at each place of articulation, as well as a long nasalised vowel.[2]

Front Central Back
Close i   iː   iː y   yː   yː u   uː   uː
Half-close e   eː   eː ø   øː   øː ɔ   ɔː   ɔː
Half-open ɛ   ɛː   ɛː
Open a   aː   aː

Tone[]

Kyriong has a three tone system; high, medium and low. Low tone is often accompanied by breathy voice.[2]

Sources[]

  • Hedlin, M. (2011). An Investigation of the relationship between the Kyirong, Yòlmo, and Standard Spoken Tibetan speech varieties. Masters thesis, Payap University, Chiang Mai.
  • Huber, B. (2005). The Tibetan dialect of Lende (Kyirong). Beiträge zur tibetischen Erzählforschung, 15.

References[]

  1. ^ N. Tournadre (2005) "L'aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes." Lalies, 2005, n°25, p. 7–56 [1]
  2. ^ a b c d Huber, Brigitte (2005). The Tibetan dialect of Lende (Kyirong). Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
  3. ^ Hedlin, Matthew (2011). An investigation of the relationship between the Kyirong, Yòlmo, and Standard Spoken Tibetan speech varieties (unpublished MA thesis). Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  4. ^ Gawne, Lauren (2013). "Report on the relationship between Yolmo and Kagate". Himalayan Linguistics. 12: 1–27.
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