Lakhta Center

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Lakhta Center
Лахта центр
Лахта центр 2021.jpg
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
Former namesGazprom Tower, Okhta Center
Record height
Tallest in Russia and Europe since 2017[I]
Preceded byFederation Tower
General information
StatusCompleted
TypeOffice
LocationLakhta, Saint Petersburg, Russia
AddressLakhtinskij Prospect 2
CountryRussia
Coordinates59°59′13.7″N 30°10′37.3″E / 59.987139°N 30.177028°E / 59.987139; 30.177028Coordinates: 59°59′13.7″N 30°10′37.3″E / 59.987139°N 30.177028°E / 59.987139; 30.177028
Construction started2012
Completed2019
CostUS$1.77 billion[1]
OwnerGazprom
Height
Architectural462 m (1,516 ft)
Observatory357 m (1,171 ft)
Technical details
Floor count87 above ground
3 below ground[3]
Floor area163,000 m2 (1,750,000 sq ft)[2]
Lifts/elevators40[4]
Design and construction
Architecture firmRMJM (until 2011), GORPROJECT[5]
Structural engineerGorproject, Inforceproject
Main contractorRönesans Holding
Website
www.lakhta.center/en/
References
[3]

The Lakhta Center (Russian: Ла́хта це́нтр, tr. Lakhta tsentr) is an 87-story skyscraper built in the northwestern neighborhood of Lakhta in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Standing 462 meters (1,516 ft) tall, it is the tallest building in Russia, the tallest building in Europe, and the fifteenth-tallest building in the world.[3][6] It is also the second-tallest structure in Russia and Europe, behind the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, in addition to being the second-tallest twisted building and the northernmost skyscraper in the world.

Construction of Lakhta Center started on 30 October 2012, with the building topping out on 29 January 2018.[7] It surpassed the Vostok Tower of the Federation Towers in Moscow as the tallest building in Russia and Europe on 5 October 2017. The center is designed for large-scale mixed-use development, consisting of public facilities and offices. First designed by RMJM, the project was then continued by Gorproject (2011-2017) under the main contractor, Rönesans Holding. Lakhta Center is intended to become the new headquarters of Russian energy company Gazprom.[8]

On December 24, 2018, Lakhta Center was certified according to the criteria of ecological efficiency at LEED Platinum,[9][10] making it one of the five most eco-friendly skyscrapers in the world.[11] The concrete pouring of the bottom slab of Lakhta Center's foundation on March 1, 2015 was registered by Guinness World Records as the largest continuous concrete pour; 19,624 cubic meters (693,000 cu ft) of concrete were used during 49 hours.[12] The record has since been surpassed.[13] The opening date of the complex will be determined after the completion of finishing and landscaping.[14]

In August 2021, Gazprom PJSC completed the re-registration process in the city of St. Petersburg. The new address of the company is located at the location of the IFC "Lakhta Center".[15]

History[]

Planning[]

See also: Okhta Center

The predecessor of the tower, the Okhta Center, was originally planned to be more centrally located in the city center of St. Petersburg. As the historical center has been a World Heritage Site since 1990, The World Heritage Committee opposed the construction of the 400-metre tower as it would affect the cityscape of historic Saint Petersburg.[16] In December 2006 UNESCO World Heritage Centre Director Francesco Bandarin reminded Russia about its obligations to preserve it and expressed concern over the project. In 2007, the World Monuments Fund placed the historic skyline of St. Petersburg on its 2008 Watch List of 100 Most Endangered Sites due to the potential construction of the building.[17] Due to this sizeable backlash on the original proposition, the Okhta Center, which had been planned by Gazprom to be in front of Smolny Cathedral, was moved to Lakhta.[18] Plans for a new metro station in the area were announced in March 2012. The station was originally included in the 1980 city development plan of Leningrad but had not been built before.[19]

The permit for construction of the first stage of Lakhta Center, which included the skyscraper and stylobate, was obtained on 17 August 2012.[20] A public hearing on the layout and surveying of the site was held in the administration of the Primorsky district of Saint Petersburg on 31 August.[21]

Construction[]

Approximately 3,000 people will be employed in the construction, mostly in professions related to design and construction. After completion, a few thousand workers of different occupations are expected to be employed in the complex.[22]

Project management is being done by AECOM.[23] Exclusiva Design is the key contractor for the interior design of public spaces.[24][25] German company Josef Gartner was in charge of the glazing of the skyscraper.[26]

Zero cycle works started on 30 October 2012. [27] The main contractor for the construction of Lakhta Center, Rönesans Holding, was selected on 22 April 2014.[28]

Construction schedule[]

  • March 2013 – zero cycle works are in progress. Piles are being installed. According to the schedule of construction a diaphragm wall is to be completed by the end of April while piling works will continue until 15 August 2013.[29]
  • October 2013 – construction of the box-type foundation has been started. According to the plan this part of the work is to be finished in 2014.[30]
  • April 2014 – construction of the skyscraper's foundation pit is complete.[31]
  • June 2014 – piling is completed. 264 piles were mounted for the tower of Lakhta Center, 848 piles were mounted for the mixed-use building and entrance arch and 968 piles were mounted for the stylobate (underground parking). All in all 2080 piles were dug in.[32]
  • February and March 2015 – the pouring of the bottom slab of the skyscraper's box shaped foundation is over. 19,624 cubic meters of concrete were cast in the foundation.[33]
  • September 2015 - all works below zero elevation are finished. The construction of the first floors of the tower core is underway.[34]
  • April 2017 - height exceeds 300 meters, making Lakhta Center a supertall building (international classification).
  • May 2017 - the skyscraper reached a height of 327 meters, making it the tallest structure in St. Petersburg.[35]
  • 5 October 2017 - Lakhta center became the tallest building in Europe as it reached a height of 374 meters.[36][37]
  • 29 January 2018 - the height of the tower is 462 meters and the assembly of the spire structure is complete.[38]
  • 20 June 2018 - The last tower crane was removed. The developers were motivated to finish work requiring tower cranes before the 2018 FIFA World Cup semi finals in order to make the building look architecturally complete.[39]
  • On 27 June 2018, the initial commissioning of the building was carried out.[40]
  • On 16 October 2018, the Lakhta Center received authorization for commissioning of the facility. The relevant document was officially published by the State Construction Supervision and Inspection Service of Saint Petersburg, Russia.[41]
  • July 2020 - the second stage of the Lakhta Center received a permit for commissioning.[42]

Other buildings[]

In addition to the tower, the complex contains multiple other buildings. The Multi-functional building (MFZ) is a structure consisting of two buildings, North and South, which are united by a common foundation, stylobate and roof. The building resembles a boomerang. It has a variable number of storeys with a height difference from 7 to 17 floors, with the peak height being a little more than 80 meters. The building is approximately 300 meters long.[43]

The main load-bearing elements are 4 reinforced concrete cores which perceive horizontal and vertical loadings, transferring them to the base executed in the form of the plate grillage leaning against piles.

The MFZ contains a planetarium, which has a holding capacity of 140 people.[44] A very accurate projection of the starry sky is formed by a star machine. Larger objects, artificial aircraft, visual effects and much more are created by a projection system with a resolution of 8K at the meridian. The side of the globe-shaped star hall juts out from the wall.[45]

In addition to the tower and multifunctional building, the complex also contains another building, which is located to the west of the multi-functional building.[46] It consists of two separate wings connected by a courtyard. Completion was originally planned for spring 2021.[47] The building increases the total area of the complex from 400 000 m² to 570 000 m².[48]

Design[]

Facilities[]

The Lakhta Center will contain offices, a co-working center, a sports center, a children's science center, and a conference center. The project includes 1,500 square meters of indoor exhibition space. Part of the open area will be used to demonstrate art, installations and sculptures.[49] There is a free public observation deck at the top of the skyscraper at a height of 357 meters.[50][51]

Features[]

  • The main entrance of Lakhta Center is designed to be an arch. The height of the arch is almost 24m while its length is 98m.
  • Like many other skyscrapers, the tower includes an extensive lighting system.[52]
  • There are 40 elevators in the tower, but not all of them travel to the top floor. The mixed-use building contains 62 elevators. Besides these elevators are special firefighter lifts that will be used in case of emergency.[53] In order to provide more effective fire-fighting, a HI-FOG water mist suppression system will be used. When the temperature exceeds 57 °C, sprinklers creating a water mist will start working automatically. Along with the sprinklers, there are drenchers which can be switched on manually or with remote control in order to create a water curtain in an emergency. The tower is also designed to a high safety standard, which allows it to stand on one core even if all ten supportive columns collapse.[54]

  • The skyscraper lit at night

  • The spire of the skyscraper (General view).

  • The top of the spire. Floodlight projectors are integrated in it

Environmental technologies[]

The design of the tower contains several green and energy-saving technologies, which earned it a LEED Platinum certificate.

Usage of double glazing helps to increase the level of thermal insulation, which reduces the costs of heating and conditioning. Excess heat generated by technical equipment is used to heat the premises. The skyscraper also uses equipment with reduced noise levels along with noise suppressors, sound-proof curtain walls and floating floors.

A smart waste disposal system improves hygiene and reduces CO2 emissions. The tower contains ice storages which accumulate ice at night for air conditioning during the daytime. The system helps to reduce the differences in electricity use between night and day. It also allows the reduction of electricity expenses on the account of the differences in tariffs for day and night usage of electricity.[55]

In support of the World Wide Fund for Nature's and FLAP's (Fatal Light Awareness Program) "Bird - Friendly Building Program", Lakhta Center's illumination has been designed to be bird-safe especially during bird migration periods (autumn, winter). Due to the peculiarities of the highly humid and windy climate in the North Western region of Russia, the possibility of icing up of buildings is relatively high. In order to prevent complete icing up of the tower's spire, engineers changed glassing to metal gauze. Glass at high floors will be heated to prevent ice accumulation, ensuring good visibility.[56]

In order to provide Lakhta Center and adjoining areas with electricity without imposing any extra burden on existing infrastructure, a new standalone power substation will be constructed.[57]

Transportation development[]

The construction of the complex raises a problem in terms of transportation development because of the expected growth in traffic flow in the region. Two traffic circles are to be built near Lakhta Center, which will become part of the М32А highway in the future.[58] A light rail service from Finland Railway Station and a new tram line from Primorskaya underground station will be built to serve Lakhta Center. Plans are ongoing to build a new underground station with the working title of "Lakhta".[59] Bicycle lanes near Lakhta Center with 90 parking places for bicycles are also planned.[60][61]

Reception[]

Lakhta Center seen from the shore of the Neva Bay in Olgino

In 2020, the Lakhta center reached the final of the most prestigious competition among high-rise buildings: the CTBUH Award of Excellence. The building also received the Emporis Skyscraper Awards' "Skyscraper of the Year"-award in the same year.[62]

On May 20, 2021, the skyscraper won the facade engineering category award at the CTBUH Awards. The building also received 2 other Awards of Excellence that year: the structural engineering and geotechnical engineering awards. It also won in 3 fan-voted categories of the CTBUH Awards: Best tall building 400 meters and above, best tall building in Europe, and construction.[63]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ "Lakhta Center". www.permasteelisagroup.com. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Lakhta Center". skyscrapercenter.com. CTBUH.
  4. ^ Elevators in a skyscraper
  5. ^ Europe's tallest skyscraper is nearing completion in St. Petersburg
  6. ^ "Lakhta Center Website, Концепция проекта". Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  7. ^ The installation of the spire of the Lakhta Center, Press release of 29 January 2018.
  8. ^ T, Sharjeel (18 March 2021). "Skyscraper of the Day: Meet The Tallest Building In Europe". Wonderful Engineering. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  9. ^ "Lakhta Center-Tower". usgbc.org. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  10. ^ "LEED Certification". Lakhta.center. 24 December 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  11. ^ The Chronicles of the stone of greens, as buildings become energy efficient
  12. ^ "World's Largest Continuous Concrete Pour". Giatec. 27 June 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  13. ^ Largest Continuous Concrete Pour
  14. ^ Near the "Lakhta center" will be a public space with " glass wings"
  15. ^ Gazprom registered in St. Petersburg
  16. ^ "UNESCO welcomes backing by President of Russian Federation for the preservation of St Petersburg". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  17. ^ "Russian tower plans cause alarm". BBC News. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
  18. ^ "36th session of the World Heritage Committee". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  19. ^ "Выход из станции метро "Лахта" будет расположен у старого поста ГИБДД". www.fontanka.ru (in Russian). 16 March 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  20. ^ (in Russian)"Лахта-центру" выдано разрешение на строительство
  21. ^ На слушаниях "Лахта-центра" состоялся конструктивный диалог
  22. ^ ""Строительство "Лахта-центра" откроет новые возможности для петербургских профессионалов"". 17 July 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  23. ^ "Key Contractors". Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  24. ^ Exclusiva Design
  25. ^ Lakhta Center: Exclusiva Design wins the Bid to Design the Public Spaces
  26. ^ Немецкая Gartner откроет в Петербурге производство для остекления "Лахта центра"
  27. ^ "Lakhta Center. Project status". Retrieved 9 August 2014.
  28. ^ "Potential General Contractor Selected". lakhta.center. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  29. ^ (in Russian)Исполнительный директор ОДЦ "Охта" А.Бобков: "В „Лахта-центре“ деловая функция будет дополняться культурно-развивающей"
  30. ^ "Работы нулевого цикла на стройплощадке "Лахта центра". // Advis.ru". advis.ru. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  31. ^ "Готов котлован для строительства небоскреба «Лахта-центра» — Новости строительства Санкт-Петербурга — Канонер". kanoner.com. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  32. ^ "All 2080 Piles in Lakhta Center Foundation". lakhta.center. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  33. ^ (in Russian)Alexey Miller: First floors of the skyscraper in Lakhta will appear this year
  34. ^ "Pouring of the Upper Slab of the Lakhta Center Tower Foundation". lakhta.center. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Лахта Центр перерос телебашню (фото)". www.fontanka.ru (in Russian). 13 May 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  36. ^ "European altitude record broken". lakhta.center. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  37. ^ Harris, Chris (6 October 2017). "Russian skyscraper 'becomes Europe's tallest building'". euronews. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  38. ^ Lakhta Center reached the design height
  39. ^ "The last tower crane has been removed at the Lakhta Center construction site". 20 June 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  40. ^ "Europe's Tallest Skyscraper Approaches Completion in St Petersburg". ArchDaily. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  41. ^ Lakhta Center Officially Commissioned
  42. ^ "Госстройнадзор Петербурга разрешил ввести вторую очередь «Лахта –центра»". www.kommersant.ru (in Russian). 8 July 2020. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  43. ^ "Горизонталь против вертикали. Или за? Для чего Лахта Центру «лежачая» доминанта". habr.com (in Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  44. ^ "Planetarium | Lakhta Center". lakhta.center. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  45. ^ "Просто космос! Как устроен планетарий Лахта Центра". habr.com (in Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  46. ^ "С новым зданием площадь Лахта Центра превзойдет полмиллиона квадратных метров. Как идет стройка (фото)". www.fontanka.ru (in Russian). 28 March 2019. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  47. ^ "«Комплекс зданий и сооружений». Его построят у «Лахта-центра» в 2021 году". The Village (in Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  48. ^ "Комплекс зданий вокруг "Лахта центра" построит Renaissance Construction - Северо-Запад || Интерфакс Россия". www.interfax-russia.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  49. ^ "Презентационные материалы | Лахта Центр – многофункциональный комплекс в Приморском районе Санкт-Петербурга". www.proektvlahte.ru. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  50. ^ "Observation deck | Лахта Центр – многофункциональный комплекс в Приморском районе Санкт-Петербурга". www.proektvlahte.ru. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  51. ^ Смотровую площадку Лахта-центра оборудуют цифровыми интерактивными телескопами (in Russian). 19 August 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  52. ^ "«Лахта Центр» превратили в самую высокую ёлку Европы". forpost-sz.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  53. ^ ""Небоскрёбы меняют сознание социума" | Невское время". www.nvspb.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  54. ^ Как строится «Лахта-центр» в Санкт-Петербурге. Popmech.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  55. ^ (in Russian)"Зеленое строительство" в Петербурге: энергия шагов осветит "Лахта-центр"
  56. ^ Специальные ледовые генераторы позволят "Лахта центру" экономить до 13 тыс. руб. в сутки на электроэнергии
  57. ^ (in Russian)"Nevskaya guba" power substation will be built in Lakhta
  58. ^ "Два разворотных кольца появятся в Приморском районе". spbdnevnik.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  59. ^ "Transport | Lakhta Center". lakhta.center. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  60. ^ "В проекте развязки трассы М-32 и Приморского шоссе предусмотрели велодорожку". www.fontanka.ru (in Russian). 15 July 2014. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  61. ^ "Общественные слушания". Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
  62. ^ Sustainability Plays a Key Role in Emporis Skyscraper Award’s Winning Buildings
  63. ^ CTBUH Annual Awards

External links[]

Records
Preceded by
Federation Tower
(East Tower) 		Europe’s tallest building
2017 – present 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
Russia’s tallest building
2017 – present
Preceded by
 Tallest building in Saint Petersburg
2017 – present 		Succeeded by
Incumbent
Retrieved from ""