List of twisted buildings

Buildings can appear to be twisted by design, where the twisting (torsion, helix, etc.) is structural rather than merely an ornamental detail. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat defines a twisting building as one that progressively rotates its floor plates or its façade as it gains height.^[1] There are 15 spiralled skyscrapers, and 13 more are under construction.^[2]

Turning Torso, in Malmö, is regarded as the first twisted tower or building.^[3] It was designed by Santiago Calatrava and was completed in 2005.^[4] When completed, Diamond Tower will be the only building to twist a full 360 degrees along its height. F&F Tower, in Panama City, holds the record for the tightest twist, that is, the highest average rotation per floor, at 5.943 degrees across each of its 53 floors; and as of 2017, it is the completed building with the highest total rotation, with 315 degrees.^[3]

List of tallest twisted buildings[]

The following list includes completed or topped-out buildings sorted by height.^[3] Buildings under construction are shaded in grey.

Rank	Image	Name	City	Height in m (ft)	Floor count	Completion year	Average floor rotation	Total rotation
1		Shanghai Tower	Shanghai, China	632 m (2,073 ft)	128	2015	0.938°	120°
2		Lakhta Center	Saint Petersburg, Russia	462 m (1,516 ft)	86	2019	1.047°	90°
3		Diamond Tower	Jeddah, Saudi Arabia	432 m (1,417 ft)	93	2025	3.871°	360°
4		Ocean Heights	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	310 m (1,020 ft)	83	2010	0.482°	40°
5		Cayan Tower	Dubai, United Arab Emirates	306 m (1,004 ft)	73	2013	1.233°	90°
6		Supernova Spira	Noida, India	300 m (980 ft)	80	2021	1.825°	146°
7			Shenzhen, China	294.3 m (966 ft)	63	2020	0.714°	45°
8		Crown Sydney	Sydney, Australia	271.3 m (890 ft)	75	2020	0.8°	60°
9			Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates	255 m (837 ft)	52	2016	0.481°	25°
10			Ningbo, China	246 m (807 ft)	50	2016	1.2°	60°
11		Evolution Tower	Moscow, Russia	246 m (807 ft)	55	2015	2.836°	156°
12		F&F Tower	Panama City, Panama	243 m (797 ft)	53	2011	5.943°	315°
13		Azrieli Sarona Tower	Tel Aviv, Israel	238.5 m (782 ft)	61	2017
14		Al Majdoul Tower	Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	244.55 m (802.3 ft)	54	2019	2.5°	135°
15		Al Tijaria Tower	Kuwait City, Kuwait	218 m (715 ft)	41	2009	1.951°	80°
16			Manama, Bahrain	200 m (660 ft)	47	2016	3.83°	180°
17			Doha, Qatar	197 m (646 ft)	44	2009	1.364°	60°
18		Turning Torso	Malmö, Sweden	190 m (620 ft)	57	2005	1.579°	90°
19		Trump International Hotel and Tower Vancouver	Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada	188 m (617 ft)	63	2016	0.714°	45°
20		Generali Tower (lo Storto)	Milan, Italy	177 m (581 ft)	44	2017	1.127°	49.6°
21		Absolute World (Building D)	Mississauga, Ontario, Canada	176 m (577 ft)	56	2012	3.732°	209°
22		Avaz Twist Tower	Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina	172 m (564 ft)	40	2008	2.8°	90°
23		Mode Gakuen Spiral Towers	Nagoya, Japan	170 m (560 ft)	38	2008	3°	114°
24		Absolute World (Building E)	Mississauga, Canada	158 m (518 ft)	50	2012	4°	200°
25		Baltimore Tower	London, United Kingdom	149 m (489 ft)	44	2017	2.182°	96°
26			Tbilisi, Georgia (country)	147 m (482 ft)	37	2020
27			Guayaquil, Ecuador	137 m (449 ft)	36	2014	5.833°	210°
28		Sichuan Radio and Television Centre	Chengdu, China	136 m (446 ft)	31	2010	2.903°	90°
29		Ayia Napa Marina Towers	Ayia Napa, Cyprus	118 m (388 ft)	28	2020	3.2 °	90°
30			Midrand, South Africa	106 m (348 ft)	26	TBA	1.154°	30°
31			Xiamen, China	100 m (330 ft)	22	TBA	4.091°	90°
32		(north tower)	Miami, United States	94 m (308 ft)	21	2016	1.843°	38.7°
		(south tower)
33		Tao Zhu Yin Yuan	Taipei, Taiwan	93 m (305 ft)	21	2018	4.286°	90°
34		Avian Tower	Surabaya, Indonesia	84 m (276 ft)	20	2018	3°	60°

See also[]

• List of twisted spires

References[]