Law enforcement in New York City
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Law enforcement in New York City is carried out by numerous Federal, State and City agencies. New York City has the highest concentration of agencies in the United States.
As with the rest of the US, agencies operate at federal and state levels. However, New York City's unique nature means many more operate at lower levels.
Federal government agencies
- Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
- Amtrak Police Department
- Department of Defense Police
- Diplomatic Security Service
- Drug Enforcement Administration
- Federal Air Marshal Service
- Federal Bureau of Investigation
- Federal Bureau of Prisons
- Federal Reserve Police
- Immigration and Customs Enforcement
- IRS Criminal Investigation Division
- National Park Service Ranger (Law Enforcement)
- Naval Criminal Investigative Service
- Smithsonian Police (for the George Gustav Heye Center and the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum)
- U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command
- United States Coast Guard
- U.S. Customs and Border Protection
- United States Federal Protective Service
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
- United States Marshals Service
- U.S. Marshals Service Southern District of New York
- U.S. Marshals Service Eastern District of New York [1]
- United States Park Police
- United States Postal Inspection Service
- United States Postal Police
- U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services System
- United States Secret Service
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs Police
State government agencies
The Government of New York State operates one of the highest numbers of law enforcement agencies in the United States. While their jurisdiction stretches throughout New York City, many functions are duplicated by municipal agencies.
- New York State Office of the Attorney General – Investigations Division[2]
- Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Department
- MTA Bridge and Tunnel Officers
- New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision
- New York State Court Officers
- New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Police
- New York State Forest Rangers
- New York State Office of Mental Health Police
- New York State Office for People With Developmental Disabilities Police
- New York State Department of Motor Vehicles – Division of Field Investigations
- New York State Park Police
- New York State Police
- New York State University Police
- New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
- Criminal Investigations Division
- New York State Office of Tax Enforcement
Bi-state agencies
These agencies work in both New York State and New Jersey and have jurisdiction in both states.
List of Agencies
Patch | Force | Parent department | Duties | Titled as | Amount of Personnel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department (PAPD) | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey | General law enforcement concerning PA areas | NYS police officers | Approx. 2200+ | |
n/a | Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor Police | Waterfront Commission of New York Harbour (part of Port of New York and New Jersey) | General law enforcement concerning Harbour/Waterfront Areas | unknown | unknown |
City government agencies
Powers and Authority
Members of New York city law enforcement agencies receive their powers and authority from New York State Criminal Procedure Law in one of two ways:
- as police officers, under Article 2, §1.20,
- as peace officers, under Article 2, §2.10, sub 25 and special patrolman, under Article 2, §2.10 sub 27.
Designation as a special patrolman is unique to New York City, and is granted by the Commissioner of the NYPD under section 14-106 of the New York City Administrative Code in conjunction with the New York State Criminal Procedure Law Article 2 Section 2.10 Sub 27. The exercise of these powers is limited to the employee's geographical area of employment and only while such employee is actually on duty as listed in Chapter 13 subsection (C): Special Patrolman,</ref>. New York City Special Patrolman are appointed in connection with special duties of employment, and such designation confers limited Peace Officer powers upon the employee as listed in Chapter 13 subsection (C).
Privatized Public Safety Officers must complete the New York State POST (Peace Officer Standard of Training) to become certified.
List of Agencies
There are at least sixteen City law enforcement agencies (including the FDNY Fire Marshals) and these are listed in the table below.
Patch | Force | Parent department | Duties | Type | Amount of Personnel | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New York City Police Department (NYPD) | - | Responsible for the Policing and investigations of all crimes in New York City | Police Officers[3] | Approx. 36,230 | ||
New York City Department of Environmental Protection Police (DEP Police) | New York City Department of Environmental Protection | Responsible for the protecting of NYC's water supply system | Police Officers[4] | Approx. 200 | ||
New York City Fire Department Fire Marshals | New York City Fire Department (FDNY) | Responsible for the Investigation of serious fires and arson within NYC | Police Officers[5] | Approx. 150 | ||
New York City Sheriff's Office (NYCSO) | New York City Department of Finance | Primarily responsible for the enforcing of civil court orders and investigate tax / deed fraud in NYC | Deputy Sheriff[6] | Approx. 150 | ||
New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission | New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission | Responsible for the enforcing of NYC taxi licensing regulations and traffic laws concerning livery vehicles | Special Patrolmen[7] | Approx. 205 | ||
New York City Department of Homeless Services Police (NYC DHS Police) | New York City Department of Homeless Services | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Department of Homeless Facilities | Special Patrolmen[8] | Approx. 380 | ||
New York City Human Resources Administration Police Department (NYC HRA Police) | New York City Human Resources Administration | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Department of Human Resources Administration Facilities | Special Patrolmen[9] | Approx. 130 | ||
New York City Department of Sanitation Police (DSNY Police) | New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY) | Responsible for the enforcement NYC Sanitation laws and health code regulations | Special Patrolmen[10] | Approx. 80 | ||
New York City Parks Enforcement Patrol (NYC PEP) | New York City Department of Parks and Recreation | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Parks and properties | Special Patrolmen[11] | Approx. 85 | ||
New York City Department of Probation | - | Responsible for supervision people placed on probation by the NYC court system. | Probation Officer[12] | Approx 60 | ||
City University of New York Public Safety Dept | City University of New York (CUNY) | Responsible for the safety and security at CUNY campuses and facilities | Public Safety Officer[13] | Approx. 715 | ||
New York City Department of Correction (NYCD) | - | Responsible for the care and custody of inmate in NYC correctional facilities | Correction Officer[14] | Approx. 9500 | ||
New York City Police Department School Safety Division | New York City Police Department (NYPD) | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC public schools | Special Patrolmen[15] | Approx. 5000 | ||
New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services Police | New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services (DCAS) | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Department of Citywide Administrative Services facilities. | Special Patrolmen[16] | Approx. 15 | ||
New York City Department of Health and Hospitals Police (NHYP) | New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (NYC HHC) | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Health and Hospital facilities | Special Patrolmen[17] | Approx. 1250 | ||
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Police (DOHMH Police) | New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene facilities. | Special Patrolmen[18] | Approx 10 | ||
New York City Administration for Children's Services Police (ACS Police) | New York City Administration for Children's Services | Responsible for the safety and security at NYC Administration of Children Service facilities. | Special Patrolmen[19] | - | ||
New York City Department of Investigation (NYC DOI) | Government of New York City | Responsible for investigating NYC governmental corruption & fraud | Special Patrolman[20] | Approx 35 | ||
New York City Business Integrity Commission (BIC) | New York City Business Integrity Commission | Responsible for regulating private catering industry, public wholesale markets businesses, and the shipboard gambling industry | Special Patrolmen[21] | Approx 60 |
Since 1942, correction and probation services have been handled by separate agencies, not the sheriff's office.[22]
The New York City Marshals, who are independent public officers enforcing civil debt, are not peace officers. New York City Marshals are regulated by the New York City Department of Investigation.[23]
Public Safety Officers
Some areas of New York City have "Public Safety Officers", which are neither totally private (see below) or city government (see above agencies).
- The Times Square Alliance has its own Public Safety Officers (PSOs) who act as the 'eyes and ears' for local police.[24] They are unarmed and their motto is: New York's Most Helpful.
- The Flatiron 23rd Street Partnership BID has its own Public Safety Officers who act as ambassadors for the area. They patrol in uniform, during the daytime, seven days a week, regardless of weather.[25]
Private agencies
A number of private communities and/or entities operate their own public safety agencies. Select personnel of these agencies are sworn as New York state peace officers, providing them with limited law enforcement authority within New York City.
Patch | Force | Parent department | Duties | Title | Amount of Personnel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bay Terrace Public Safety Department | Cord Meyer Development LLC - Bay Terrace Shopping Centre | Public Safety at Bay Terrace | Public Safety | - | |
Big Six Towers Public Safety Department | Mitchell-Lama cooperative housing company | Public Safety duties at Big Six Towers | Public Safety Officer | Approx 8 | |
Co-op City Department of Public Safety (CCPD) | Co-op City | Responsible with safety and security of residents and visitors in Co-op City | Special Patrolmen | Approx. 100 | |
Hunts Point Department of Public Safety (HPPS) | Hunts Point Cooperative Market | Responsible for safety and security at Hunts Point Market | Special Patrolmen | Approx. 20 | |
Morningside Heights Housing Corporation Department of Public Safety (MHHC PSD) | Morningside Gardens | Responsible with safety and security at Morningside Gardens property. | Public Safety Officer | - | |
New York Racing Association Peace Officers | New York Racing Association | Responsible with safety and security at NYRA facilities. | Special Police Officers | Approx 15 | |
Parkchester Department of Public Safety (PDPS) | Parkchester, Bronx | Responsible with safety and security at Parkchester property. | Public Safety Officer | Approx. 65 | |
Roosevelt Island Public Safety Department (RIPSD) | Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation | Responsible with safety and security at Roosevelt Islands stations and Tramway | Public Safety Officer | Approx 40 | |
Sea Gate Police Department (SGPD) | Seagate Home Association | Responsible with safety and security at Sea Gate private community | Public Safety Officers | Approx. 10 | |
Peter Cooper Village Stuyvesant Town Public Safety (PCVST) | Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village | Responsible with safety and security at peter copper village community | Public Safety Officers | Approx 10 | |
Starrett City Department of Public Safety | Starrett City | Responsible with safety and security at Spring Creek Towers. | public safety officers | Approx 10 |
Prosecuting attorneys
In New York State, each county has an elected district attorney who is responsible for the prosecution of violations of New York state laws. Federal law in the city of New York is prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York or the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of New York.
Office | Office holder | Jurisdiction | Duties |
---|---|---|---|
Bronx County District Attorney's Office | Darcel Clark | The Bronx | Prosecution of violations of New York state laws |
Kings County District Attorney's Office | Eric Gonzalez | Brooklyn | Prosecution of violations of New York state laws |
New York County District Attorney's Office | Cyrus Vance Jr. | Manhattan | Prosecution of violations of New York state laws |
Queens County District Attorney's Office | John M. Ryan | Queens, New York | Prosecution of violations of New York state laws |
Richmond County District Attorney's Office | Michael McMahon | Staten Island | Prosecution of violations of New York state laws |
Special Narcotics Prosecutor for the City of New York | Bridget G. Brennan | New York, Bronx, Kings, Queens, Richmond | Prosecution of violations of New York state narcotics laws |
U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York | Geoffrey Berman | New York, Bronx, Westchester, Putnam, Rockland, Orange, Dutchess, Sullivan | Prosecution of violations of U.S. federal laws |
U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York | Richard P. Donoghue | Kings, Queens, Richmond, Nassau, Suffolk | Prosecution of violations of U.S. federal laws |
Disbanded agencies
- ASPCA Humane Law Enforcement Division
- New York City Park Police
- New York Cross Harbor Railroad Police
- New York City Telegraph Bureau
- Defunct Agencies from the Bronx
- Bronx County Safety Patrol
- Kingsbridge Town Police Department
- Town of Morrisania Police Department
- West Farms Town Police Department
- Defunct Agencies from Brooklyn
- Brooklyn Police Department
- Brooklyn Bridge Police
- Brooklyn Town Police Department
- Bushwick Town Police Department
- Flatbush Town Police Department
- Flatlands Town Police Department
- New Utrecht Town Police Department
- Defunct Agencies from Queens
- Flushing Town Police Department
- Long Island City Police Department
- Jamaica Town Police Department
- Merged into the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police
- Long Island Rail Road Police Department
- Metro-North Railroad Police Department
- Staten Island Rapid Transit Authority Police Department
- Merged into the New York City Police Department:
- New York City Housing Authority Police Department
- New York City Board of Education Division of School Safety (See New York City Police Department School Safety Division)
- New York City Transit Authority Police Department
- Merged into the New York City Sheriff's Office
- Bronx County Sheriff’s Office
- Kings County Sheriff's Office
- New York County Sheriff’s Office
- Queens County Sheriff’s Office
- Richmond County Sheriff’s Office
- Succeeded by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection Police
- New York City Bureau of Water Supply Police
See also
- Crime in New York City
- List of law enforcement agencies in New York
- Mary Shanley, 4th female detective
- New York City Police Department Auxiliary Police
References
- ^ https://www.usmarshals.gov/district/ny-e/index.html
- ^ "Investigations Division - New York State Attorney General". ag.ny.gov.
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 1, §1.30, ss 34(d)
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 1, §1.30, ss 34(o)
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 1, §1.30, ss 34(i)
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 2 and ss 5
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 27
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 27
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 27
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 59
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 27
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 24
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 79
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 25
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 27
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 27
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 40
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 82
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 82
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 38
- ^ New York State Criminal Procedure Law, Article 2, §2.10, ss 82
- ^ McKinley, Jesse. "F.Y.I.", The New York Times, November 27, 1994. Accessed January 21, 2008. "Established in 1626, the Sheriff's office in Manhattan and its equivalents in the other boroughs served as a major part of the patchwork of law-enforcement agencies that existed before the city's consolidation in 1898. After that, the new New York City Police Department took over the responsibility for criminal investigations and arrests. As recently as 1942, the Sheriff was also responsible for manning and administering the city's jails, a duty now carried by the Department of Correction. Today, the sheriff's primary duties are enforcing court-ordered judgments and fines, including unpaid parking tickets and littering fines, and collecting judgments from reluctant losers in private lawsuits, said John George, the Sheriff's executive assistant. "
- ^ "NYC Marshals Handbook". Website of the City of New York Department of Investigation. City of New York. Archived from the original on 26 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
- ^ https://www.timessquarenyc.org/about-the-alliance/public-safety-sanitation/public-safety-department
- ^ https://www.flatirondistrict.nyc/bid-programs/public-safety
- Law enforcement in New York City
- New York City-related lists