Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape

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Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape Montage II.jpg
from top: Lednice Castle, Valtice Castle, Rendezvous Pavilion, one of Lednice Ponds, John's Castle, Rajsna Colonnade, Venetian fountain in Lednice Castle garden, view on Lednice Castle park with Minaret
LocationLednice and Valtice, Czech Republic
CriteriaCultural: (i), (ii), (iv)
Reference763
Inscription1996 (20th Session)
Area14,320 ha (35,400 acres)
Coordinates48°46′33″N 16°46′30″E / 48.77583°N 16.77500°E / 48.77583; 16.77500Coordinates: 48°46′33″N 16°46′30″E / 48.77583°N 16.77500°E / 48.77583; 16.77500
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape is located in Czech Republic
Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape
Location of Lednice–Valtice Cultural Landscape in Czech Republic

The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape (also Lednice-Valtice Area or Lednice-Valtice Complex, Czech: Lednicko-valtický areál) is a cultural-natural landscape complex of 283.09 square kilometres (109.30 sq mi) in the Lednice and Valtice areas of the South Moravian Region, near Břeclav in the Czech Republic.

In 1996, the Lednice-Valtice Area was registered on the UNESCO World Heritage List, because of its unique mix of Baroque, Classical, and Neo-gothic architecture, and its history as a cultural landscape designed intentionally by a single family.[1] It is adjacent to the Pálava Landscape Protected Area (Pálava Biosphere Reserve), a biosphere reserve registered by UNESCO several years before.[2] The close proximity of two cultural landscapes protected by UNESCO is unique.

History[]

The House of Liechtenstein acquired a castle in Lednice in 1249, which marked the beginning of their settlement in the area. It remained the principal Liechtenstein residence for 700 years, until 1939 and World War II.[3]

17th–19th centuries[]

The Dukes of Liechtenstein transformed their properties into one large and designed private park between the 17th and 20th centuries. During the 19th century, the Dukes continued transforming the area as a large traditional English landscape park. The Baroque and Gothic Revival style architecture of their chateaux are married with smaller buildings and a landscape that was fashioned according to the English principles of landscape architecture.[3]

In 1715 these two chateaux (castles) were connected by a landscape allée and road, later renamed for the poet Petr Bezruč. The Lednice Ponds are situated between the town of Valtice and villages of Lednice and Hlohovec; as are the Mlýnský, Prostřední, Hlohovecký, and Nesyt Ponds. A substantial part of the cultural landscape complex is covered in pine forests, known as the "Pine−wood" (Boří les), and in areas adjacent to the Thaya River with riparian forests.[3]

20th century[]

In 1918 the region became part of new Czechoslovakia. The Liechtenstein family opposed the annexation of Czech territory into Sudetenland by Nazi Germany, and as a consequence their properties were confiscated by the Nazis, and the family then relocated to Vaduz in 1939. After World War II the family made several legal attempts for restitution of the properties. Post-war, they had passed into ownership of Czechoslovakia: its Communist regime did not support returning large estates to exiled aristocratic landowners.

After the Czechoslovakian Velvet Revolution in 1989, the Liechtenstein descendants again renewed legal attempts for restitution, which were denied by the Czech state, the present day owner of the properties.[4]

Features[]

The principal elements are:

  • Chateau Valtice and its contiguous town of Valtice.
  • Lednice Castle and its contiguous village of Lednice.
  • The village of Hlohovec.

Pavilions and follies[]

St Hubert Chapel

In addition to the castles, there are many large to small residential pavilions located throughout the designed landscape, often serving as chateau or hunting lodges.[5]

Temple of the Three Graces
  • Temple of the Three Graces (Tři Grácie)
      — a semicircle gallery with allegorical statues of Sciences and Muses and a statue of the Three Graces from the 1820s
  • Pond House (Rybniční zámeček)
      — at the shore of one of the Lednice Ponds
Nový dvůr
  • Nový dvůr (German: Neuhof, New Farm)  — a Neoclassical farm finished in 1809, originally used for sheep husbandry, nowadays for horse breeding
  • Apollo Temple (Apollónův chrám)
      — a Neoclassical hunting lodge from the 1810s, ashore of one of the Lednice Ponds
  • Hunting Lodge (Lovecký zámeček)
      — a Neoclassical house from 1806
  • John's Castle (Janův hrad or Janohrad)
      — a Gothic Revival style folly of "artificial ruins" (Czech: umělá zřícenina, German: künstliche Ruine) in style of a castle, finished in 1810
  • Minaret
      — a Moorish Revival style "minaret" observation tower 62 metres (203 ft) high, located in the Lednice Castle garden (finished in 1804), that provides a view of the entire landscape. On clear days the Pálava Hills and Malé Karpaty Mountains can also be seen from the towers.
  • Obelisk
      — an obelisk erected in memory of the peace treaty of Campo Formio (1798)
Pohansko
  • Pohansko
      — an Empire-style hunting lodge finished after 1812, it houses an exhibition of Břeclav Town Museum:
    close to the lodge there are both an important archaeological site of Great Moravian remains and reconstructed parts of the Czechoslovak border fortifications
  • Lány
      — an Empire-style hunting lodge from the beginning of the 19th century

Preservation[]

The garden follies and the conservatory of Lednice Park were listed in the 1998 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, for their deteriorating condition resulting from insufficient financial resources.[6] The Fund had previously studied the preservation of Lednice and Valtice Castles, and after 1998 it helped fund restoration of the Valtice Rendezvous folly as a demonstration project with support from American Express.[7]

See also[]

Gallery[]

  • Lednice Castle

  • Castle Greenhouse in Lednice

  • Interior of the greenhouse

  • From the Lednice Castle garden

  • Lednice Castle
    Riding-Hall

  • The Prostřední (Middle) one of the Lednice Ponds

  • Valtice Castle

  • Border House

  • John's Castle

  • Hunting Lodge

References[]

  1. ^ "Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  2. ^ "Pálava Nature Reserve | Mikulov.cz". www.mikulov.cz. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Sváček, Libor (2015). UNESCO. pp. 60–71. ISBN 978-80-7339-067-9.
  4. ^ "The former Liechtenstein possessions of Lednice-Valtice". Minor Sights. September 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  5. ^ The term zámeček (German: Schlösschen, literally a small château) — is usually translated here as a "manor house" — or a "hunting lodge" (Czech: lovecký zámeček, German: Jagdschlösschen), if it served for hunting.
  6. ^ World Monuments Fund – Lednice and Valtice Cultural Landscape
  7. ^ Elaine Louie, New York Times, "Saving Endangered Art and Architecture," June 25, 1998.

Sources[]

  • Kordiovský, Emil – Klanicová Evženie (eds.), Město Břeclav, Muzejní a vlastivědná společnost, Brno (2001).
  • Památkový ústav v Brně: text on the reverse of a tourist map, Shocart, Zlín (1998).

External links[]

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