Lespedeza

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Lespedeza
Lespedeza thunbergiiaDT1.jpg
Inflorescence and foliage of L. thunbergii
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Fabales
Family:
Fabaceae
Subfamily:
Faboideae
Tribe:
Desmodieae
Subtribe:
Genus:
Lespedeza

Michx.
Species

about 40, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Despeleza Nieuwl.

Lespedeza is a genus of some 40 species (including nothospecies) of flowering plants in the pea family (Fabaceae), commonly known as bush clovers or (particularly East Asian species) Japanese clovers (hagi). The genus is native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of eastern North America, eastern and southern Asia and Australasia.

These shrubby plants or trailing vines belong to the "typical" legumes (Faboideae), with the peas and beans, though they are part of another tribe, the Desmodieae. Therein, they are treated as type genus of the smaller subtribe , which unites the present genus and its presumed closest relatives, Campylotropis and Kummerowia.

Name of the plant[]

According to American botanist Asa Gray (1810 – 1888), the Lespedeza owes its name to governor of East Florida Vicente Manuel de Céspedes (1784-1790; who, through a letter, allowed botanist André Michaux to explore East Florida in search of new species of plants, where Michaux found Lespedeza[2]), but when Céspedes wrote the letter, at the beginning of it, the name of Céspedes was changed to "Zespedez". So, when Michaux's book Flora Boreali-Americana of 1802 was printed, the name "Céspedes" to refer to the plant was written as "Lespedez", the word from which the current name of the plant was derived.[3][2]

Despeleza is a synonym of Lespedeza, and this name is derived from a taxonomic anagram.[4]

Cultivation and uses[]

Some species are grown as garden or ornamental plants, and are used as a forage crops, notably in the southern United States, and as a means of soil enrichment and for prevention of erosion. In some areas, certain species are invasive. Lespedeza, like other legumes, have root nodules that harbor bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation from the air into a soil-bound form that can be taken up by other plants. Growers can take advantage of this process by putting the plants in their fields to release nitrogen, so they can use less fertilizer.

L. bicolor leaves and roots contain (), as well as related Nω,Nω-dimethyltryptamines and their oxides, as well as some bufotenin.[5]

Species[]

Lespedeza capitata inflorescences and leaves
Lespedeza cuneata habitus
flowering branch

The species and nothospecies recognized in Lespedeza include:[6]

  • (Pursh) Elliott
  • T.B.Lee
  • Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. (syn. L. bicolor var. japonica Nakai) – shrub lespedeza[7]
  • Miq.
  • Lespedeza capitata Michx. (syn. L. frutescens Elliott, L. stuevei DC.)
  • Bunge
  • G.Don
  • Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont-Cours.) G. Don (syn Lespedeza sericea)
  • Miq. – leafy lespedeza[7]
  • Akiyama & H.Ohba
  • Franch.
  • (Laxm.) Schindl.
  • (Nakai) T.B.Lee
  • Schindl.
  • Cambess.
  • Benth.
  • Franch.
  • Bunge (syn. L. bicolor Prain)
  • Schindl.
  • Schindl.
  • Maxim.
  • Lespedeza hirta (L.) Hornem.
    • Lespedeza hirta ssp. curtissii Clewell (syn. L. hirta Elliott)
  • Nakai
  • (Maxim.) Schindl. – greenish juncea lespedeza[7]
  • (S.Watson) Britton (syn. L. frutescens (L.) Britton, L. frutescens var. acutifructa Farw.)
  • Makino (possibly a hybrid) – neonchul lespedeza[7]
  • L.H.Bailey
  • (L.f.) Pers. – juncea lespedeza[7]
    • Lespedeza juncea var. sericea (Thunb.) Lace & Hauech (syn. L. cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don)
  • Bakh.f.
  • Hatus.
  • Lespedeza leptostachya A.Gray
  • R.C.Schneid. – Korean lespedeza[7]
  • Nakai – black-flower lespedeza[7]
  • Ricker
  • T.B.Lee
  • (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc. – pilose lespedeza[7]
  • Vassilcz.
  • Michx.
  • Hayata
  • Lespedeza repens (L.) W.P.C.Barton
  • Mack. & Bush
  • Maxim.
  • Nutt.
  • Britton
  • Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai (syn. L. elliptica Maxim., L. formosa (Vogel) Koehne, L. formosa ssp. elliptica (Maxim.) Akiyama & H.Ohba)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii var. var. thunbergii (DC.)Nakai (syn. L. patens Nakai, L. patens var. obtusifolia Nakai)
    • Lespedeza thunbergii var. velutina (Nakai) H.Ohashi (syn. L. intermedia Nakai, L. intermedia var. angustifolia Nakai)
  • (Thunb.) Maxim. (syn. L. hirta Miq.) – woolly lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
  • (Murray) DC. – Wando lespedeza[7]
  • Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britton (syn. L. angustifolia Darl.)
  • Ricker

The identity and specific validity of is unclear.[8] In addition, there are some species formerly in this genus that are now placed elsewhere, typically in the , for example, in genus Campylotropis. These include:[9]

  • Lespedeza speciosa Schindl. = (Schindl.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza striata (Thunb.) Hook. & Arn. = Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.
  • Lespedeza tomentosa Maxim. = (Kurz) Schindl.

Footnotes[]

  1. ^ "genus Lespedeza". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Lespedeza – From Asia with a Spanish Twist!.
  3. ^ S. Fralish, James; B. Franklin, Scott (February 2002). Taxonomy and Ecology of Woody Plants in North American Forests: Excluding. Page 568.
  4. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A13. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5.
  5. ^ Morimoto & Oshio (1965), Morimoto & Matsumoto (1966)
  6. ^ ILDIS (2005), and see Wikispecies (26 August 2009) for nothospecies
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. pp. 514–516. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Korea Forest Service.
  8. ^ ILDIS (2005) contra Wikispecies (26 August 2009)
  9. ^ ILDIS (2005)

References[]

  • International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genus Lespedeza. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2011-FEB-18.
  • Morimoto, Hiroshi & Matsumoto, Norichika (1966). Über Alkaloide, VI. Inhaltsstoffe Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, II. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica II."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19666920122
  • Morimoto, Hiroshi & Oshio, Haruji (1965). Über Alkaloide, V. Inhaltsstoffe von Lespedeza bicolor var. japonica, I. Über Lespedamin, ein neues Alkaloid. ["Alkaloid contents of L. bicolor var. japonica I. On Lespedamin, a novel alkaloid."] J. Liebigs Ann. Chem. 682(1): 212–218 [in German]. doi:10.1002/jlac.19656820121

External links[]

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