Lipscombite
Lipscombite | |
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![]() Lipscombite: Small green crystals on quartz, Harvard Museum of Natural History | |
General | |
Category | Phosphate minerals |
Formula (repeating unit) | (Fe2+,Mn2+)(Fe3+)2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
IMA symbol | Lcb[1] |
Strunz classification | 8.BB.90 |
Dana classification | 41.10.02.01 |
Crystal system | Tetragonal |
Crystal class | Trapezohedral (422) (same H-M symbol) |
Space group | P43212 |
Unit cell | a = 5.37, c = 12.81 [Å]; Z = 4 |
Identification | |
Formula mass | 391.27 g/mol |
Color | Green gray, olive green, black. |
Specific gravity | 3.68 |
Optical properties | Translucent to opaque |
References | [2][3] |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lipscombite-91263.jpg/220px-Lipscombite-91263.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Lipscombite.jpg/220px-Lipscombite.jpg)
Lipscombite (Fe2+,Mn2+)(Fe3+)2(PO4)2(OH)2[2][3] is a green gray, olive green, or black. phosphate-based mineral containing iron, manganese, and iron phosphate.
Lipscombite is often formed at meteorite impact sites where its crystals are microscopically small, because crystal-forming conditions of pressure and temperature are brief.
In the Classification of non-silicate minerals lipscombite is in the lipscombite group, which also includes zinclipscombite. This group is within the non-silicate, category 8, anhydrous phosphates, lazulite supergroup.
Discovery[]
The mineral lipscombite was first made artificially and then found in nature. It was named after chemist William Lipscomb by the mineralogist John W. Gruner who first made it artificially.[4][5]
While investigating the stability relations of iron oxides small, black, shiny crystals were obtained when a spherical iron pressure-temperature vessel was contaminated with phosphorus.[6] The x-ray powder diffraction pattern was similar to lazulite, but unknown.
Gruner, a mineralogist at the University of Minnesota, gave Lipscomb, a chemistry professor there, the crystals for Lewis Katz and Lipscomb to determine the atomic structure using single-crystal x-ray diffraction. They initially called the mineral iron lazulite.[7]
References[]
- ^ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine. 85 (3): 291–320. Bibcode:2021MinM...85..291W. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. S2CID 235729616.
- ^ a b Lipscombite on Mindat
- ^ a b Lipscombite data on WebMineral
- ^ Gheith, M. A. , Lipscombite: A New Synthetic Iron Lazulite, Amer. Mineral., 38, 612-628 (1953)
- ^ Structures and Mechanisms: From Ashes to Enzymes (Acs Symposium Series) Gareth R. Eaton (Editor), Don C. Wiley (Editor), (Editor), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC (2002) (Autobiographical sketch by William Lipscomb, 14 pp. (Lipscombite: p. xvii). This chapter is online at pubs.acs.org. Click PDF symbols at right.
- ^ Gheith, Mohamed A. Stability relations of ferric oxides and their hydrates. Lipscombite: a new synthetic iron lazulite. Thesis University of Minnesota (1951)
- ^ Katz L., Lipscomb W. N. The crystal structure of iron lazulite, a synthetic mineral related to lazulite: Acta Crystallographica, 4, 345-348 (1951).
External links[]
Gallery of lipscombite pictures at mindat.org.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lipscombite. |
- Iron(II,III) minerals
- Manganese(II) minerals
- Phosphate minerals
- Tetragonal minerals
- Minerals in space group 96
- Phosphate mineral stubs