Liskeard (UK Parliament constituency)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Liskeard
Former Borough constituency
for the House of Commons
1295–1885
Number of memberstwo (1295–1832); one (1832–1885)
Replaced byBodmin

Liskeard was a parliamentary borough in Cornwall, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1832, and then one member from 1832 until 1885. The constituency was abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.

History[]

The parliamentary borough was based upon the community of Liskeard in the south-eastern part of Cornwall.

Sedgwick estimated the electorate at 30 in 1740. Namier and Brooke considered it was about 50 in the 1754–1790 period. The right of election before 1832 was in the freemen of the borough. This constituency was under the patronage of the Eliot family, which acquired the predominant interest by 1722.

There were no contested elections between at least 1715 and 1802. In the early 19th century the Whigs attempted to expand the electorate to include householders. During the 1802 general election, 48 householders claimed the right to vote but their ballots were rejected by the Mayor (see the note to the 1802 election result below). The Eliot family continued to control the borough in the Tory interest, for another thirty years.

The Reform Act 1832 augmented the freemen voters (who retained their ancient right votes), with the beneficiaries of a new householder franchise. The number of voters registered in 1832 was 218. The political effect of the change was that a Whig was elected unopposed to the one remaining seat in 1832, whereas the two Tory candidates had been elected unopposed at the previous seven general elections. Only Whig or Liberal candidates were returned from 1832 until the constituency was abolished.

The Reform Act 1867 preserved the borough constituency but slightly expanded the electorate (from 434 in 1865 to 881 in 1868). Liskeard was one of the smallest boroughs to retain individual representation in the 1868–1885 period. However the constituency was finally abolished by the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, when the borough became part of the Bodmin or South East division of Cornwall.

Members of Parliament[]

1295–1629[]

  • Constituency created (1295)
Parliament First member Second member
1355 John Hamely[1]
1386 [2]
1388 (Feb) Simon Lowys [2]
1388 (Sep) Simon Lowys [2]
1390 (Jan) Simon Lowys John Cokeworthy I[2]
1390 (Nov)
1391 [2]
1393 Simon Lowys [2]
1394
1395 Ralph Trenewith II[2]
1397 (Jan) Simon Lowys [2]
1397 (Sep) [2]
1399 [2]
1401
1402 Simon Lowys [2]
1404 (Jan)
1404 (Oct)
1406 [2]
1407 [2]
1410 [2]
1411 Simon Lowys [2]
1413 (Feb)
1413 (May) Simon Lowys [2]
1414 (Apr)
1414 (Nov) Simon Lowys William Bodrugan[2]
1415
1416 (Mar) [2]
1416 (Oct)
1417 John But [2]
1419 [2]
1420 John Cork[2]
1421 (May) Nicholas Aysshton [2]
1421 (Dec) [2]
1510–1523 No names known[3]
1529 James Trewynnard Henry Pyne[3]
1536 ?
1539 ?
1542 ?
1545 [3]
1547 [3]
First Parliament of 1553 John Trelawny John Gayer
Second Parliament of 1553 William Morice
First Parliament of 1554 Francis Roscarrock
Second Parliament of 1554 John Connock
Parliament of 1555
Parliament of 1558 John Gayer
Parliament of 1559 George Bromley
Parliament of 1563–1567 Reginald Mohun
Parliament of 1571 John Connock Basil Johnson
Parliament of 1572–1581 Henry Macwilliam Paul Wentworth
Parliament of 1584–1585 Peter Edgcumbe Edward Denny
Parliament of 1586–1587 Richard Edgecumbe Jonathan Trelawny
Parliament of 1588–1589
Parliament of 1593
Parliament of 1597–1598 Henry Neville
Parliament of 1601 Thomas Edmunds Sampson Lennard
Parliament of 1604–1611 Sir William Killigrew
Addled Parliament (1614) Richard Connock John Glanville
Parliament of 1621–1622 Sir Edward Coke
Happy Parliament (1624–1625) William Wrey (later 2nd Wrey Baronet)[4]
Useless Parliament (1625) William Coryton
Parliament of 1625–1626 Joseph Jane
Parliament of 1628–1629 John Harris
No Parliament summoned 1629–1640

1640–1832[]

Year First member First party Second member Second party
April 1640 John Harris Royalist George Kekewich Parliamentarian
November 1640 Joseph Jane Royalist
January 1644 Harris and Jane disabled from sitting – both seats vacant
1647 Thomas Povey George Kekewich Parliamentarian
December 1648 Povey and Kekewich excluded in Pride's Purge – both seats vacant
1653 Liskeard was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate
January 1659
May 1659 Not represennted in the restored Rump
April 1660 John Connock John Robinson
April 1661 John Harris Peter Prideaux[n 1]
May 1661 Bernard Granville
1678 Sir Bourchier Wrey
February 1679 John Buller
August 1679 Sir Jonathan Trelawny
1685 Chichester Wrey
1689 Sir Bourchier Wrey John Buller
1690
1695 William Bridges
1696
1701
1707 John Dolben
1710 Philip Rashleigh Tory
1715 Sir John Trelawny
April 1722
November 1722 Thomas Clutterbuck
1727 Sir John Cope
1734 Richard Eliot
1740
1747 Sir George Lee
1754 Edmund Nugent Philip Stanhope
1759 Philip Stephens
1761
1768 Edward Eliot Samuel Salt
1774 Edward Gibbon Whig
1780 Wilbraham Tollemache
1784 Edward James Eliot John Eliot Tory[5]
1797 The Earl of Inchiquin
1800 Lord Fincastle
1802 William Eliot Tory[5]
1804 William Huskisson Tory[5]
1807 Viscount Hamilton Tory[5]
1812 Charles Philip Yorke Tory[5]
1818 Sir William Pringle Tory[5]
1824 Lord Eliot Tory[5]
1832 Representation reduced to one Member

1832–1885[]

Year Member Party
1832 Charles Buller Radical[6][7][8][9][10]
1849 Richard Crowder Radical[11][12]
1854 Ralph Grey Whig[13][14]
1859 Ralph Bernal Osborne Liberal
1865 Sir Arthur Buller Liberal
1869 Edward Horsman Liberal
1876 Leonard Courtney Liberal
1885 Constituency abolished

Election results[]

Note on sources: The information for the election results given below is taken from Sedgwick 1715–1754, Namier and Brooke 1754–1790 and Stooks Smith 1790–1832. From 1832 the principal source was Craig, with additional or different information from Stooks Smith included. Candidates classified by Craig as Liberal before 1859, are labeled as Whig or Radical (following Stooks Smith) or Liberal if their exact allegiance is uncertain. Similarly candidates classified by Craig as Conservative but by Stooks Smith as Tory are listed below as Tory.

Note on percentage change calculations: Where there was only one candidate of a party in successive elections, for the same number of seats, change is calculated on the party percentage vote. Where there was more than one candidate for a party, in one or both successive contested elections for the same number of seats, then change is calculated on the individual candidates percentage vote.

Note on party allegiance of candidates: A party label is only used when the source used quotes one. Other candidates are labelled Non Partisan, but may have associated themselves with a tendency or faction in Parliament.

Elections before 1715[]

Dates of Parliaments 1660–1715

Summoned Elected Opened Dismissed
16 March 1660 1660 25 April 1660 29 December 1660
18 February 1661 1661 8 May 1661 24 January 1679
25 January 1679 1679 6 March 1679 12 July 1679
24 July 1679 1679–1680 21 October 1680 18 January 1681
20 January 1681 1681 21 March 1681 28 March 1681
14 February 1685 1685 19 May 1685 2 July 1687
29 December 1688 1688–1689 22 January 1689 6 February 1690
6 February 1690 1690 20 March 1690 11 October 1695
12 October 1695 1695 22 November 1695 6 July 1698
13 July 1698 1698 24 August 1698 19 December 1700
26 December 1700 1700–1701 6 February 1701 11 November 1701
3 November 1701 1701 30 December 1701 2 July 1702
2 July 1702 1702 20 August 1702 5 April 1705
1705 7 May – 6 June 1705 14 June 1705 see Note
1707 see Note 23 October 1707 3 April 1708
1708 30 April – 7 July 1708 8 July 1708 21 September 1710
1710 2 October – 16 November 1710 25 November 1710 8 August 1713
1713 22 August – 12 November 1713 12 November 1713 15 January 1715

Note:-

  • The MPs of the Parliament of England (elected 1705) and 45 members co-opted from the former Parliament of Scotland, became the House of Commons of the 1st Parliament of Great Britain in 1707.

Index to Election results 1715–1799[]

1710s – 1720s – 1730s – 1740s – 1750s – 1760s – 1770s – 1780s – 1790s

Index to Election results 1800–1885[]

1800s – 1810s – 1820s – 1830s – 1840s – 1850s – 1860s – 1870s – 1880s

Elections in the 1710s[]

General election 29 January 1715: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan John Trelawny Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Philip Rashleigh Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1720s[]

  • Trelawny became a Baronet in 1721
General election 12 April 1722: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Eliot
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Thomas Clutterbuck Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
General election 25 August 1727: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Thomas Clutterbuck Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Cope Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1730s[]

  • Seat vacated on Clutterbuck being appointed a Lord of the Admiralty
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Thomas Clutterbuck Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
  • Death of Dennis
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Charles Trelawny Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1740s[]

General election 11 May 1741: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Charles Trelawny Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 1 July 1747: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Charles Trelawny Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1750s[]

  • Seat vacated on the appointment of Trelawny as Assay-Master of Tin for the Duchy of Cornwall
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Charles Trelawny Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
General election 17 April 1754: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edmund Nugent Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Philip Stanhope Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of Nugent to an office
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Philip Stephens Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1760s[]

General election 30 March 1761: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Philip Stephens Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 22 March 1768: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Samuel Salt Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1770s[]

General election 11 October 1774: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward Gibbon Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Samuel Salt Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of Gibbon to an office
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Philip Stephens Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1780s[]

General election 9 September 1780: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Wilbraham Tollemache Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan Samuel Salt Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 5 April 1784: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward James Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of E.J. Eliot as Remembrancer of the Court of Exchequer
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward James Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1790s[]

General election 1790: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward James Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of E.J. Eliot as a Commissioner for India
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward James Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
General election 1796: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Edward James Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan John Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of E.J. Eliot
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Murrough O'Brien Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
  • Inchiquin was a peer of Ireland

Elections in the 1800s[]

  • Resignation of Inchiquin
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan George Murray Unopposed N/A N/A
Non Partisan hold Swing N/A
  • Note (1800): Stooks Smith recorded that William Huskisson was returned unopposed at this by-election, but this appears to be an error.
General election 1802: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory John Eliot 27 48.21 N/A
Tory William Eliot 27 48.21 N/A
Whig Thomas Sheridan 1 1.79 N/A
Whig William Ogilvie 1 1.79 N/A
Turnout 56 N/A N/A
  • Note (1802): 48 householders claimed the right to vote. The ballots they tendered were rejected by the Mayor. 44 wanted to vote for Sheridan and Ogilvie, 3 for the Eliots and 1 for John Eliot and Sheridan.
  • Succession of John Eliot as the 2nd Lord Eliot
: Liskeard
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Huskisson 21 87.50 N/A
Whig Thomas Sheridan 3 12.50 N/A
Majority 18 75.00 N/A
Turnout 24 N/A N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
General election 1806: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Eliot Elected N/A N/A
Tory William Huskisson Elected N/A N/A
Whig Nicholas Tomlinson 6 N/A N/A
Whig Alexander Nowell 1 N/A N/A
Turnout 56 N/A N/A
  • Note (1806): Stooks Smith does not give the votes for the elected candidates.
General election 1807: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory James Hamilton Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1810s[]

General election 1812: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Charles Philip Yorke Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 1818: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory William Henry Pringle Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1820s[]

General election 1820: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory William Henry Pringle Unopposed N/A N/A
General election 1826: Liskeard (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory William Henry Pringle Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Edward Eliot Unopposed N/A N/A

Elections in the 1830s[]

General election 1830: Liskeard (2 seats)[5][15]
Party Candidate Votes %
Tory William Henry Pringle Unopposed
Tory Edward Eliot Unopposed
Tory hold
Tory hold
General election 1831: Liskeard (2 seats[5][15])
Party Candidate Votes %
Tory William Henry Pringle Unopposed
Tory Edward Eliot Unopposed
Registered electors 51
Tory hold
Tory hold
  • Electorate expanded and constituency reduced to one seat, by the Reform Act 1832
General election 1832: Liskeard[5][16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical Charles Buller Unopposed
Registered electors 218
Radical gain from Tory
General election 1835: Liskeard[5][16]
Party Candidate Votes %
Radical Charles Buller 114 64.0
Conservative Samuel Trehawke Kekewich 64 36.0
Majority 50 28.0
Turnout 178 82.4
Registered electors 216
Radical hold
  • Note (1835): Stooks Smith recorded 211 registered electors, but the turnout is calculated on Craig's figure above
General election 1837: Liskeard[5][16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Charles Buller 113 54.3 −9.7
Conservative Samuel Trehawke Kekewich 95 45.7 +9.7
Majority 18 8.6 −19.4
Turnout 208 83.9 +1.5
Registered electors 248
Radical hold Swing −9.7
  • Note (1837): Stooks Smith recorded 250 registered electors, but the turnout is calculated on Craig's figure above

Elections in the 1840s[]

General election 1841: Liskeard[16][5]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Charles Buller Unopposed
Registered electors 296
Radical hold
  • Note (1841): Stooks Smith recorded 285 registered electors, but the turnout is calculated on Craig's figure above
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of Buller as Judge-Advocate General
: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Charles Buller Unopposed
Radical hold
General election 1847: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Charles Buller 170 59.2 N/A
Conservative William Curteis 117 40.8 New
Majority 53 18.4 N/A
Turnout 287 82.2 N/A
Registered electors 349
Radical hold Swing N/A
  • Note (1847): Stooks Smith recorded 333 registered electors, but the turnout is calculated on Craig's figure above
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of Buller as President of the Poor Law Board
: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Charles Buller Unopposed
Radical hold
  • Death of Buller
: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Richard Crowder Unopposed
Radical hold

Elections in the 1850s[]

General election 1852: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Radical Richard Crowder Unopposed
Registered electors 343
Radical hold
: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Ralph Grey 138 51.5 New
Radical John Salusbury-Trelawny[17][18][19] 119 44.4 N/A
Whig Joseph Haythorne Reed 11 4.1 New
Majority 19 7.0 N/A
Turnout 268 76.1 N/A
Registered electors 352
Whig gain from Radical
General election 1857: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Whig Ralph Grey 174 58.4 N/A
Peelite Arthur Hamilton-Gordon[20][21] 124 41.6 New
Majority 50 16.8 N/A
Turnout 298 79.9 N/A
Registered electors 373
Whig gain from Radical
General election 1859: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Ralph Grey 164 50.6 −7.8
Conservative William Pole-Carew 160 49.4 +7.8
Majority 4 1.2 −15.6
Turnout 324 82.0 +2.1
Registered electors 395
Liberal hold Swing −7.8
  • The Whig Party is regarded as having merged into a new Liberal Party, which was formed at a meeting of the supporters of Lord Palmerston on 6 July 1859; although Whigs and Radicals had been informally referred to collectively as Liberals for decades.
  • Seat vacated on the appointment of Grey as a Collector of Customs
By-Election 19 August 1859: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Ralph Bernal Osborne Unopposed
Liberal hold

Elections in the 1860s[]

  • Resignation of Osborne
: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Arthur William Buller Unopposed
Liberal hold
General election 1865: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Arthur William Buller Unopposed
Registered electors 434
Liberal hold
General election 1868: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Arthur William Buller Unopposed
Registered electors 881
Liberal hold
  • Death of Buller
By-Election 11 May 1869: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Edward Horsman 368 56.4 N/A
Liberal Francis Lycett 285 43.6 N/A
Majority 83 12.8 N/A
Turnout 653 74.1 N/A
Registered electors 881
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1870s[]

General election 1874: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Edward Horsman 334 50.4 N/A
Liberal Leonard Courtney 329 49.6 N/A
Majority 5 0.8 N/A
Turnout 663 81.8 N/A
Registered electors 811
Liberal hold Swing N/A
  • Death of Horsman
By-Election 22 December 1876: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Leonard Courtney 388 58.0 +8.4
Conservative John Burton Sterling[22] 281 42.0 New
Majority 107 16.0 +15.2
Turnout 669 86.1 +4.3
Registered electors 777
Liberal hold Swing N/A

Elections in the 1880s[]

General election 1880: Liskeard[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Leonard Courtney 370 55.1 +5.5
Liberal Edward Pleydell-Bouverie 301 44.9 −5.5
Majority 69 10.2 +9.4
Turnout 671 91.2 +9.4
Registered electors 736
Liberal hold Swing +5.5

Notes and references[]

Notes

  1. ^ Prideaux was also elected for Honiton, which he chose to represent, and never sat for Liskeard

References

  1. ^ "HAMELY (HAMYLYN), Sir John (aft.1324-1399), of Wimborne St. Giles, Dorset". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d "History of Parliament". History of Parliament Trust. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  4. ^ http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/member/wrey-william-1601-1645
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  6. ^ Jaggard, Edwin (1999). "Reform and Dissent". Cornwall Politics in the Age of Reform, 1790–1885. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-86193-243-9.
  7. ^ Gambles, Anna (1999). "Biographical Appendix". Protection and Politics: Conservative Economic Discourse, 1815–1852. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press. p. 244. ISBN 0-86193-244-7.
  8. ^ Huch, Ronald K.; Ziegler, Paul R. (1985). "The Whig-Radical Alliance and Its Problems, 1835–1841". Joseph Hume: The People's M.P. Ephrata, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 106. ISBN 0-87169-163-9.
  9. ^ Turner, Michael J. (2004). "Correcting the Chartists". In Black, Jeremy (ed.). Independent Radicalism in Early Victorian Britain. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. p. 77. ISBN 0-275-97386-7.
  10. ^ Dod, Charles Roger; Dod, Robert Phipps (1847). Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Volume 15. Dod's Parliamentary Companion. p. 155.
  11. ^ "Foreign Intelligence". Hereford Journal. 13 December 1848. p. 2 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. ^ "East Cornwall Election". Royal Cornwall Gazette. 9 July 1852. p. 6 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. ^ "More Whig Corruption - The Charity Commissioner's Board". London Standard. 26 May 1862. p. 6.
  14. ^ "Miscellaneous Intelligence". Lincolnshire Chronicle. 31 March 1854. p. 7 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  15. ^ a b Jenkins, Terry. "Liskeard". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) |format= requires |url= (help) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. pp. 189–190. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  17. ^ Hoppen, K. Theodore (2016). Governing Hibernia: British Politicians and Ireland 1800-1921. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9780198207436.
  18. ^ "Bedford Election". . 9 December 1854. pp. 7–8 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  19. ^ "Bedford Election". Leeds Intelligencer. 9 December 1854. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  20. ^ Chapman, J. K. (1964). The Career of Arthur Hamilton Gordon: First Lord Stanmore 1829-1912. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442654600.
  21. ^ "To Correspondents". Yorkshire Gazette. 29 July 1854. p. 5 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. ^ "Liskeard Election". Edinburgh Evening News. 23 December 1876. p. 3 – via British Newspaper Archive.
  • The History of Parliament Trust, Lostwithiel, Borough from 1386 to 1868
  • D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
  • Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808) [1]
  • F W S Craig, "British Parliamentary Election Results 1832–1885" (2nd edition, Aldershot: Parliamentary Research Services, 1989)
  • J Holladay Philbin, Parliamentary Representation 1832 – England and Wales (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965)
  • Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885–1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
  • The House of Commons 1715–1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
  • The House of Commons 1754–1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
  • The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)) out of copyright
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832–1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume II 1886–1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
  • Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "L" (part 3)
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