List of Arabic dictionaries

The following is are lists of notable Arabic dictionaries.

Explanatory dictionaries[]

Title	Author	Date	Vocabulary	Notes
Kitab al-Ayn^{[n 1]} (Arabic: كتاب العين)	Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi (Arabic: الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي) (b. 718 - d. 791)	8th century		Kitab al-Ayn was the first dictionary for the Arabic language.^[1]
^{[n 2]} (Arabic: كتاب الجيم) a.k.a. Kitab al-Lughat or Kitab al-Huruf	Abu Amr al-Shaybani (Arabic: أبو عمرو الشيباني) (b. ca. 738 - d. 828)	8-9th century		The only copy is in the El Escorial Library.^[2]
^{[n 3]} (Arabic: جمهرة اللغة) a.k.a. Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha (The all-embracing in language)^[3]	Ibn Duraid^[4] (Arabic: ابن دريد) (b. 838 - d. 933)	9-10th century		The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary Kitab al-Ayn of al-Farahidi.^[5]
^{[n 4]} (Arabic: تهذيب اللغة)	(Arabic: أبو منصور الأزهري الهروي) (b. 895 - d. 981)	10th century		The dictionary is important as a source of the Lisan al-Arab.^[6]
^{[n 5]} (Arabic: المحيط في اللغة)	Al-Sahib ibn Abbad (Arabic: الصاحب بن عبّاد) (b. 938 - d. 995)	10th century
^{[n 6]} (Arabic: تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية) shorter title: Taj al-Lugha or al-Sihah	Ismail ibn Hammad al-Jawhari (Arabic: إسماعيل بن حماد الجوهري) (b. ? - d. 1009)	10-11th century	It contains about 40,000 dictionary entries.^[7]	The author died at Nishapur while attempting flight.^[8]
^{[n 7]} (Arabic: المحكم والمحيط الأعظم) shorter title: Al-Muhkam	Ibn Sidah (Arabic: ابن سيده) (b. 1007 - d. 1066)	11th century		The author was a blind man.^[9]
Lisan al-Arab^{[n 8]} (Arabic: لسان العرب)	Ibn Manzur (Arabic: ابن منظور) (b. 1233 - d. 1312)	The dictionary was completed in 1290.^[10]	It contains about 80,000 dictionary entries.^[11]
Al-Qamus al-Muhit wa al-Qabus al-Wasit^{[n 9]} ^{[n 10]} (Arabic: القاموس المحيط، والقابوس الوسيط) shorter title: Al-Qamus al-Muhit	Al-Firuzabadi (Arabic: الفيروزآبادي) (b. 1329 - d. 1414)	The dictionary was completed in 1410.^[12]	It contains about 60,000 dictionary entries.^[13]	The dictionary served as the basis of later European dictionaries of Arabic.^[14]
Taj al-Arus Min Jawahir al-Qamus^{[n 11]} (Arabic: تاج العروس) shorter title: Taj al-Arus	Al-Murtada al-Zabidi (Arabic: المرتضى الزبيدي) (b. 1731 - d. 1790)	The dictionary was completed in 1774.^[15]	It contains about 120,000 dictionary entries.^[16]
^{[n 12]} (Arabic: محيط المحيط) a.k.a. Qutr al-Muhit (The Diameter of the Ocean)^[17]	Butrus al-Bustani (Arabic: بطرس البستاني) (b. 1819 - d. 1883)	The dictionary was completed in 1870.^[18]		The author had dedicated the work to the Sultan Abdulaziz. The sultan awarded him with a higher medal and 250 golden liras.^[19]
Lexicon of the Modern Arabic Language (Arabic: معجم اللغة العربية المعاصرة)	Ahmad Mukhtar Omar	2008

Bilingual dictionaries[]

Influential Arabic dictionaries in Europe:

Pedro de Alcála, Vocabulista, 1505. A Spanish-Arabic glossary in transcription only.^[20]
Valentin Schindler, Lexicon Pentaglotton: Hebraicum, Chaldicum, Syriacum, Talmudico-Rabbinicum, et Arabicum, 1612. Arabic lemmas were printed in Hebrew characters.^[20]
Franciscus Raphelengius, Lexicon Arabicum, Leiden 1613. The first printed dictionary of the Arabic language in Arabic characters.^[20]
Jacobus Golius, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, Leiden 1653. The dominant Arabic dictionary in Europe for almost two centuries.^[20]
Georg Freytag, Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzubadiique et aliorum libris confectum I–IV, Halle 1830–1837^[20]
Edward William Lane, Arabic–English Lexicon, 8 vols, London-Edinburgh 1863–1893. Highly influential, but incomplete (stops at Kaf)^[20]

Influential Arabic dictionaries in modern usage:

German (Classical Arabic): M. Ullmann, Wörterbuch der klassischen arabischen Sprache I, kāf, Wiesbaden 1970; II/1-4, lām, Wiesbaden 1984–2009. Missing mīm, nūn, hā’, wāw, and yā’.^[20]
German (Modern Standard Arabic): Hans Wehr, Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart. Arabisch-Deutsch, Wiesbaden 1952; 5th ed., 1985.^[20]
- English (translation of Hans Wehr): J Milton Cowan: Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic. Arabic-English, Wiesbaden 1971; 4th ed., 1979.^[20]
French: R. Blachère, C. Pellat, M. Chouémi, and C. Denizeau, Dictionnaire arabe-français-anglais (langues classique et moderne), Paris 1963 ff.^[20]
Russian: Х.К. Баранов, Арабско-русский словарь, Moscow 1957; 6th ed., 1985.^[20]
Polish: J. Kozłowska and J. Danecki, Słownik arabsko-polski, Warszawa 1996 and J. Łacina, Słownik arabsko-polski, Poznań 1997.^[20]
Greek: G. Endress (ed.), A Greek and Arabic Lexicon, Leiden 1992 ff.^[20]

Notes[]

^ The name means "Book of the Ayn (Letter)".
^ The name means "Book of the Jim (Letter)".
^ The name means "Collection of Language".
^ The name means "Refinement of Language".
^ The name means "Ocean in Language".
^ The name means "The crown of Language and the authentic of Arabic".
^ The name means "The arbitrator and the Great Ocean".
^ The name means "The tongue of the Arabs".
^ Al-Qamus al-Muhit means "The surrounding Ocean".
^ The Qamus - which may be derived from Greek okeanos became, and has remained, the commonest Arabic word for dictionary.
^ The name means "The bride's crown from the pearls of the Qamus (Ocean)".
^ The name means "Circumference of the Ocean".

References[]

^ "Al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 31 January 2015
^ Hausmann, F. J. Dictionnaires, P.2441
^ "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 30 May 2015
^ Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 53.
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 65.
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "Al-Fīrūzābādī" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.
^ Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.
^ al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ al-hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015
^ "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" Muhitü'l-Muhit article PDF. TDV Encyclopedia of Islam. Retrieved 05 June 2015
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Edward Lipiński, 2012, Arabic Linguistics: A Historiographic Overview, pages 32-33

[1] The name means "Book of the Ayn (Letter)".

[3] The name means "Book of the Jim (Letter)".

[5] The name means "Collection of Language".

[9] The name means "Refinement of Language".

[11] The name means "Ocean in Language".

[12] The name means "The crown of Language and the authentic of Arabic".

[15] The name means "The arbitrator and the Great Ocean".

[17] The name means "The tongue of the Arabs".

[20] Al-Qamus al-Muhit means "The surrounding Ocean".

[21] The Qamus - which may be derived from Greek okeanos became, and has remained, the commonest Arabic word for dictionary.

[25] The name means "The bride's crown from the pearls of the Qamus (Ocean)".

[28] The name means "Circumference of the Ocean".

[2] "Al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015

[4] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 31 January 2015

[6] Hausmann, F. J. Dictionnaires, P.2441

[7] "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015

[8] "Ibn Durayd" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 30 May 2015

[10] Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 53.

[13] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015

[14] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015

[16] Arabic Lexicography: Its History, and Its Place in the General History of Lexicography, John A. Haywood, p. 65.

[18] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015

[19] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015

[22] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015

[23] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" PDF "TDV Encyclopedia of Islam". Retrieved 02 February 2015

[24] "Al-Fīrūzābādī" Encyclopædia Britannica Retrieved 02 February 2015

[26] Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.

[27] Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature, Vol.2, Julie Scott Meisami and Paul Starkey, p.817.

[29] -hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015

[30] -hakawati Butros Bustani Retrieved 02 February 2015

[31] "İslâm Ansiklopedisi Online (in Turkish)" Muhitü'l-Muhit article PDF. TDV Encyclopedia of Islam. Retrieved 05 June 2015

[Lipiński-32] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m Edward Lipiński, 2012, Arabic Linguistics: A Historiographic Overview, pages 32-33

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[12]

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List of Arabic dictionaries

Contents

Explanatory dictionaries[]

Bilingual dictionaries[]

See also[]

Notes[]

References[]