List of Ayyubid rulers
Family tree of the Ayyubid dynasty.[1]
The Ayyubid dynasty ruled many parts of the Middle East and North Africa in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries. The following is a list of Ayyubid rulers by county/province.
Sultans of Egypt[]
- Saladin, son of Ayyub, 1174–1193
- Al-Aziz Uthman, son of Saladin, 1193–1198
- Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad, son of al-Aziz Uthman, 1198–1200
- Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I (al-Adil I), brother of Saladin, 1200–1218
- Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1238
- Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II, son of al-Kamil, 1238–1240
- As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1240–1249
- Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
- Al-Ashraf Musa, presumed descendant of Saladin (nominal rule, under Mamluk sultan Aybak), 1250–1254.
Displaced in Egypt by the Mamluk sultanate, ruled briefly by Shajar al-Durr, widow of as-Salih Ayyub, and then Aybak, 1254.
Sultans and Emirs of Damascus[]
See Rulers of Damascus.
- Saladin, 1174–1193
- Al-Afdal, son of Saladin, 1193–1196
- Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1196–1218
- Al-Mu'azzam (Sharaf al-Din) Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1218–1227
- An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1227–1229
- Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1229–1237
- As-Salih Ismail, son of al-Adil I, 1237–1238
- Al-Kamil, son of al-Adil I, 1238
- Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II (al-Adil II), son of al-Kamil, 1238–1239
- As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1239
- As-Salih Ismail (second rule), 1239–1245
- As-Salih Ayyub (second rule), 1245–1249
- Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
- An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.
Emirs of Aleppo[]
See Rulers of Aleppo.
- Saladin, 1183–1193
- Az-Zahir Ghazi, son of Saladin, 1193–1216
- Al-Aziz Muhammad, son of az-Zahir Ghazi, 1216–1236
- An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1236–1260.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.
Emirs of Baalbek[]
See Baalbek, Middle Ages.
- Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muqaddam (non-dynastic, former governor of Damascus), appointed by Saladin, 1175–1178
- Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1178–1179
- Farrukh Shah, nephew of Saladin, 1179–1182
- Bahram Shah, son of Farrukh Shah, 1182–1230
- Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1230–1237
- As-Salih Ismail, brother of al-Ashraf Musa, 1237–1246
- Saʿd al-Din al-Humaidi (non-dynastic, appointed by as-Salih Ayyub), 1246–1249
- Al-Muazzam Turanshah, son of al-Salih Ayyub, 1249–1250
- An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260.
Takeover by Mongols, and then Mamluks following the battle of Ain Jalut, 1260.
Emirs of Hama[]
See Hama, Muslim Rule.
- Al-Muzaffar I Umar, son of Nur al-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1178–1191
- Al-Mansur I Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Umar, 1191–1221
- Al-Nasir Kilij Arslan, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1221–1229
- Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, son of al-Mansur Muhammad, 1229–1244
- Al-Mansur II Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar II Mahmud, 1244–1284
- [Vassals to Mamluk sultans after 1260]
- Al-Muzaffar III Mahmud, son of al-Mansur II Muhammad, 1284–1299
- [Ruled by emirs of Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, 1299–1310]
- Abu al-Fida, son of Malik ul-Afdal (brother of al-Mansur II Muhammad), 1310–1332
- Al-Afdal Muhammad, son of Abu al-Fida, 1332–1341.
Formal takeover by Mamluk sultanate in 1341.
Emirs of Homs[]
See Homs, Seljuk, Ayyubid and Mamluk Rule.
- Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, son of Shirkuh (uncle of Saladin), 1178–1186
- Al-Mujahid Shirkuh, son of Muhammad ibn Shirkuh, 1186–1240
- Al-Mansur Ibrahim, son of al-Mujahid Shirkuh, 1240–1246
- Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Mansur Ibrahim, 1246–1248 (Homs), 1248–1260 (Tell Bashir)
- An-Nasir Yusuf, as sultan of Aleppo and Damascus, son of al-Aziz Muhammad, 1250–1260
- Al-Ashraf Musa (second rule), 1260–1263.
Directly ruled by Mamluks under Alam al-Din Sanjar al-Bashqirdi, assigned by Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, from 1263.
Emirs of Hisn Kaifa[]
See Hisn Kaifa, Ayyubid and Mongols.
- As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil, 1232–1239
- Al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, son of as-Salih Ayyub, 1239–1249
- , son of al-Mu'azzam Turanshah, 1249–1294
- , 1294–1325
- , 1325–1328
- , 1328–1349 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Ghāzī, 1341–1367)[2]
- , 1349–1378
- , 1378-1432 (Meinecke gives this ruler as al-ʿĀdil Sulaimān, 1377–1424)[2]
- , 1432–1433
- , 1433–1452
- , 1452–1455
- , 1455–1462
- , 1482–1511
- , 1511–1514
- Salih Khalil II (second rule), 1514–1520
- , 1520–1521
- Adil Sulayman II (second rule), 1521–1524.
Takeover by the Ottoman Empire in 1524.
Emirs of al-Karak[]
Also referred to as governors of Transjordan.[3] See al-Karak, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk Periods.
- Saladin, 1188
- Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1188-1193
- Al-Mu'azzam Isa, son of al-Adil I, 1193–1227
- An-Nasir Dawud, son of al-Mu'azzam Isa, 1229–1249
- , son of al-Adil II, 1249–1263.
Taken by Mamluks under Baibars, sultan of Egypt and Syria, in 1263.
Emirs of Diyar Bakr[]
See Diyar Bakr.
- Saladin, 1185–1193
- Al-Adil I, brother of Saladin, 1193–1200
- Al-Awhad Ayyub, son of al-Adil I, 1200–1210
- Al-Ashraf Musa, son of al-Adil I, 1210–1220
- Al-Muzaffar Ghazi, son of al-Adil I, 1220–1244
- Al-Kamil (II) Muhammad, son of al-Muzaffar Ghazi, 1244–1260.
Taken by Mongols in 1260.
Emirs of Yemen and Hejaz[]
See Yemen, Ayyubid Conquest.
- Turan-Shah, brother of Saladin, 1173–1181
- Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, brother of Saladin, 1181–1197
- , son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1197–1202
- , son of Tughtakin ibn Ayyub, 1202–1214
- , son of Nur al-Din Shahanshah (brother of Saladin), 1214–1215
- Al-Mas'ud Yusuf, son of Al-Kamil, 1215–1229.
Takeover by Rasulid dynasty of Yemen in 1229.
Emirs of Banyas[]
See Banyas.
- , son of al-Adil I 1218–1232.
- , son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1232.
- , son of al-'Aziz 'Uthman 1232–1247.
- As-Salih Ayyub, son of al-Kamil (dependency of Egypt) 1247–1249.
- An-Nasir Yusuf, son of al-Aziz Muhammad (dependency of Damascus) 1250-?.
- Al-Sa'id Hasan b. al-'Aziz (second reign; d. 658) 1260–1260.
References[]
- ^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
- ^ a b Meinecke 1996, p. 66.
- ^ Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 814
Sources[]
- Bosworth, C.E. (1996). The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual. Columbia University Press, pp. 70-75.
- Humphreys, R.S. (1977). From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260. New York: SUNY press. pp. 381–386. ISBN 0-87395-263-4.
- Lane-Poole, Stanley (1894), "Ayyūbids", The Mohammadan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions, Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company, pp. 74–79, OCLC 1199708
- Meinecke, Michael (1996), "3. Hasankeyf/Ḥiṣn Kaifā on the Tigris: A Regional Center on the Crossroad of Foreign Influences", Patterns of Stylistic Changes in Islamic Architecture: Local Traditions Versus Migrating Artists, New York University Press
Categories:
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Lists of monarchs
- Lists of rulers of Egypt