List of California wildfires

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"California wildfire" redirects here. For the current fires in California, see 2021 California wildfires.
Santa Ana winds in California expand fires and spread smoke over hundreds of miles, as in this October 2007 satellite image
The Rim Fire consumed more than 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) of forest near Yosemite National Park, in 2013

This is a partial and incomplete list of California wildfires. California has dry, windy, and often hot weather conditions from spring through late autumn that can produce moderate to severe wildfires. Pre-1800, when the area was much more forested and the ecology much more resilient, 4.4 million acres (1.8 million hectares) of forest and shrubland burned annually.[1] California land area totals 99,813,760 or roughly 100 million acres, so since 2000, the area that burned annually has ranged between 90,000 acres, or 0.09%, and 1,590,000 acres, or 1.59% of the total land of California.[2] During the 2020 wildfire season alone, over 8,100 fires contributed to the burning of nearly 4.5 million acres of land.

Wildfires in California are growing more dangerous because of the accumulation of wood fuel in forests, higher population and greater electricity transmission and distribution lines.[3][4][5] United States taxpayers pay about US$3 billion a year to fight wildfires, and big fires can lead to billions of dollars in property losses.[6] At times, these wildfires are fanned or made worse by strong, dry winds, known as Diablo winds when they occur in the northern part of the state and Santa Ana winds when they occur in the south. However, from a historical perspective, it has been estimated that prior to 1850, about 4.5 million acres (17,000 km²) burned yearly, in fires that lasted for months, with wildfire activity peaking roughly every 30 years, when up to 11.8 million acres (47,753 km³) of land burned.[7][8] The much larger wildfire seasons in the past can be attributed to the policy of Native Californians regularly setting controlled burns and allowing natural fires to run their course, which prevented devastating wildfires from overrunning the state.[7]

More than 350,000 people in California live in towns sited completely within zones deemed to be at very high risk of fire. In total, more than 2.7 million people live in "very high fire hazard severity zones", which also include areas at lesser risk.[9]

The four most common ignition sources of large California wildfires since 1980 have been equipment generating sparks (chainsaws, grinders, mowers, etc.), overhead power lines, arsonists, and lightning.[10]

Largest wildfires[]

The 20 largest wildfires according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.[11]

Name County Acres Hectares Start date Structures Deaths Notes
1. August Complex Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Tehama, Trinity, Shasta 1,032,649 417,898 August 2020 923 1
2. Dixie Butte, Lassen, Plumas, Shasta, Tehama 960,213 388,584 July 2021 1,329 1 Largest single source wildfire in California history, 65% contained as of September 12[12]
3. Mendocino Complex Mendocino, Lake, Colusa, Glenn 459,123 185,800 July 2018 280 1
4. SCU Lightning Complex Santa Clara, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Merced, Stanislaus 396,624 160,508 August 2020 222 0
5. Creek Fresno, Madera 379,895 153,738 September 2020 856 0
6. LNU Lightning Complex Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, Yolo 363,220 146,990 August 2020 1,491 5
7. North Complex Plumas, Butte 318,935 129,068 August 2020 2,352 15
8. Santiago Canyon Orange, Riverside, San Diego 300,000 120,000 September 1889 0 0 The fire dates before 1932, when reliable fire records began.
9. Thomas Ventura, Santa Barbara 281,893 114,078 December 2017 1,063 23 Fatalities (2 direct, 21 indirect) attributed to the fire include 1 firefighter and 1 civilian directly, 22 deaths in later mudslides, with 1 never recovered.[13]
10. Cedar San Diego 273,246 110,579 October 2003 2,820 15
11. Rush Lassen 271,911 110,038 August 2012 1 0 This fire burned an additional 43,666 acres (17,671.0 ha) in Nevada, for a total of 315,577 acres (127,709.5 ha).[14][15]
12. Rim Tuolumne 257,314 104,131 August 2013 112 0
13. Zaca Santa Barbara 240,207 97,208 July 2007 1 0
14. Carr Shasta, Trinity 229,651 92,936 July 2018 1,604 8
15. Matilija Ventura 220,000 89,000 September 1932 0 0
16. Caldor El Dorado, Amador, Alpine 219,267 88,734 August 2021 1,003 0 67% contained as of September 13[16]
17. Monument Trinity 212,517 86,003 July 2021 50 0 43% contained as of September 13[17]
18. Witch San Diego 197,990 80,120 October 2007 1,650 2
19. Klamath Theater Complex Siskiyou 192,038 77,715 June 2008 0 2
20. River Complex Siskiyou, Trinity 185,862 75,216 July 2021 15 0 21% contained as of September 13[18]

Deadliest wildfires[]

The 20 deadliest wildfires according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.[19]

Name County Acres Hectares Start date Structures Deaths Notes
Camp[20][21][22] Butte 153,336 62,050 November 2018 18,804 85 51 identified from Paradise, 11 from Magalia, 7 from Concow, 1 from Chico, remaining not publicly identified as of February 2019
Griffith Park Los Angeles 47 19 October 1933 0 29 Deaths were RFC workers fighting the fire
Tunnel Alameda 1,600 650 October 1991 2,900 25
Tubbs Napa, Sonoma 36,807 14,895 October 2017 5,643 22
Rattlesnake Glenn 1,340 540 July 1953 0 15 All deaths were firefighters trying to outrun the fire
Cedar San Diego 273,246 110,579 October 2003 2,820 15
North Complex Plumas, Butte 318,935 129,068 August 2020 2,352 15
Loop Fire Los Angeles 2,028 821 November 1966 0 12 All deaths were members of the El Cariso Hotshots
Hauser Creek San Diego 13,145 5,320 October 1943 0 11
Inaja San Diego 43,904 17,767 November 1956 0 11
Iron Alps Complex Trinity 105,855 42,838 August 2008 10 10
Redwood Valley Complex Mendocino 36,523 14,780 October 2017 544 9
Canyon Los Angeles 22,197 8,983 August 1968 0 8
Harris San Diego 90,440 36,600 October 2007 548 8
Carr Shasta, Trinity 229,651 92,936 July 2018 1,604 8
Hacienda Los Angeles 1,150 470 September 1955 0 6
Decker Riverside 1,425 577 August 1959 1 6
Old San Bernardino 91,281 36,940 October 2003 1,003 6
Atlas Napa, Solano 51,624 20,891 October 2017 781 6
LNU Lightning Complex Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, Yolo 363,220 146,990 August 2020 1,491 6
Laguna San Diego 175,425 70,992 September 1970 382 5
Esperanza Riverside 40,200 16,300 October 2006 54 5

Most destructive wildfires[]

The 20 most destructive wildfires according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.[23]

Name County Acres Hectares Start date Structures Deaths Notes
1. Camp[20][21][22] Butte 153,336 62,050 November 2018 18,804 85 Town of Paradise destroyed[24]
2. Tubbs Napa, Sonoma 36,807 14,895 October 2017 5,643 22
3. Tunnel Alameda 1,600 650 October 1991 2,900 25
4. Cedar San Diego 273,246 110,579 October 2003 2,820 15
5. North Complex Plumas, Butte 318,935 129,068 August 2020 2,352 15 Town of Berry Creek mostly destroyed[25][26]
6. Valley Lake, Napa, Sonoma 76,067 30,783 September 2015 1,955 4
7. Witch San Diego 197,900 80,100 October 2007 1,650 6
8. Woolsey Ventura, Los Angeles 96,949 39,234 November 2018 1,643 3
9. Carr Shasta, Trinity 229,651 92,936 July 2018 1,604 8
10. Glass Napa, Sonoma 67,484 27,310 September 2020 1,520 0
11. LNU Lightning Complex Colusa, Lake, Napa, Sonoma, Solano, Yolo 363,220 146,990 August 2020 1,491 5
12. CZU Lightning Complex Santa Cruz, San Mateo 86,509 35,009 August 2020 1,490 1
13. Nuns Sonoma 54,382 22,008 October 2017 1,355 3
14. Dixie Butte, Lassen, Plumas, Shasta, Tehama 960,213 388,584 July 2021 1,329 1 Town of Greenville mostly destroyed, 65% contained as of September 12
15. Thomas Ventura, Santa Barbara 281,893 114,078 December 2017 1,063 23 2 direct, 22 indirect deaths were caused by the Montecito mudslides
16. Old San Bernardino 91,281 36,940 October 2003 1,003 6
17. Caldor El Dorado, Amador, Alpine 218,950 88,610 August 2021 1,003 0 Town of Grizzly Flats mostly destroyed, 65% contained as of September 12
18. Jones Shasta 26,200 10,600 October 1999 954 1
19. August Complex Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Tehama, Trinity 1,032,649 417,898 August 2020 935 1
20. Butte Amador, Calaveras 70,868 28,679 September 2015 921 2

Pre-2000[]

Remains of houses destroyed in the Oakland firestorm of 1991
  • Santiago Canyon Fire (1889). Burned approximately 300,000 acres (120,000 ha).
  • Berkeley Fire (1923). Destroyed 640 structures, including 584 homes.
  • Griffith Park Fire (1933). Official death toll was 29 firefighters, but may have killed up to 58.
  • Rattlesnake Fire (1953). 15 firefighters were killed in this arsonist's fire.
  • Bel Air Fire (1961). 484 homes were destroyed; 112 injuries.
  • Laguna Fire (1970). 382 homes burned, killing eight people.
  • Panorama Fire (1980). 28,800 acres burned, destroying 310 homes and 67 structures, killing four people, and injuring 77 in north San Bernardino.[27] Origin of fire was near Old Waterman Canyon along Hwy. 18.
  • Painted Cave Fire (1990). 1 death and 430 buildings burned in this arson fire near Santa Barbara.
  • Oakland firestorm (1991). Killed 25 people. Destroyed 2,843 single-family homes and 437 multi-family units.
  • Mount Vision Fire (1995). 45 homes destroyed. Cause: illegal campfire.

Post-2000[]

Satellite image from October, 2003 including Cedar Fire, one of the largest wildfires in California history
Puerto Rico Fire Fighters at Miles Fire (southwestern Oregon)

Starting in 2001, the National Interagency Fire Center began keeping more accurate records on the total fire acreage burned in each state.[28]

Yearly statistics[]

Year Fires Acres Hectares Ref
2000 7,622 295,026 119,393 [29]
2001 9,458 329,126 133,193 [30]
2002 8,328 969,890 392,500 [31][32]
2003 9,116 1,020,460 412,970 [33][34][35]
2004 8,415 264,988 107,237 [36][37]
2005 7,162 222,538 90,058 [38][39]
2006 8,202 736,022 297,858 [40][41]
2007 9,093 1,520,362 615,269 [29][42]
2008 6,255 1,593,690 644,940 [29]
2009 9,159 422,147 170,837 [43][44]
2010 6,554 109,529 44,325 [45]
2011 7,989 168,545 68,208 [46][47]
2012 7,950 869,599 351,914 [48]
2013 9,907 601,635 243,473 [49][50]
2014 7,865 625,540 253,150 [51][52]
2015 8,745 893,362 361,531 [53]
2016 6,986 669,534 270,951 [54][55]
2017 9,560 1,548,429 626,627 [56][57]
2018 8,527 1,975,086 799,289 [58][59]
2019 7,860 259,823 105,147 [60]
2020 9,639 4,397,809 1,779,730 [61][62]
Average 8,304 928,245 375,647

A 2015 study[63] addressed whether the increase in fire risk in California is attributable to climate change.[64]

Notable fires[]

Note: Check primary sources for up-to-date statistics.

Name County Acres Hectares Start Contained Notes Ref
Rumsey Yolo 39,138 15,839 October 10, 2004 October 16, 2004 5 structures destroyed [65]
Old San Bernardino 91,281 36,940 October 21, 2003 November 25, 2003 975 structures destroyed [66]
Simi Ventura 108,204 43,789 October 25, 2003 November 5, 2003 315 structures destroyed [67]
Topanga Los Angeles 24,175 9,783 September 28, 2005 October 6, 2005 [68]
Esperanza Riverside 41,173 16,662 October 26, 2006 November 1, 2006 5 fatalities, 54 structures destroyed [69][circular reference]
Island Los Angeles 4,750 1,920 May 10, 2007 May 15, 2007 6 structures destroyed [70]
Zaca Santa Barbara 240,207 97,208 July 4, 2007 September 4, 2007 1 structure destroyed [71]
Witch San Diego 197,990 80,120 October 21, 2007 November 6, 2007 1,650 structures destroyed [72]
Harris San Diego 90,440 36,600 October 21, 2007 November 5, 2007 472 structures destroyed; 1 fatality [73]
Santiago Orange 28,400 11,500 October 21, 2007 November 9, 2007 24 structures destroyed [74]
Corral Los Angeles 4,901 1,983 November 24, 2007 November 27, 2007 86 structures destroyed [75]
Indians Monterey 81,378 32,933 June 8, 2008 July 10, 2008 [76]
Basin Complex Monterey 162,818 65,890 June 21, 2008 July 27, 2008 [76]
Sesnon Los Angeles 14,703 5,950 October 13, 2008 October 18, 2008 [77]
Jesusita Santa Barbara 8,733 3,534 May 5, 2009 May 20, 2009 160 structures destroyed [78]
La Brea Santa Barbara 89,489 36,215 August 8, 2009 August 23, 2009 [79]
Lockheed Santa Cruz 7,817 3,163 August 12, 2009 August 23, 2009 13 structures destroyed [80]
Station Los Angeles 160,577 64,983 August 26, 2009 October 16, 2009 209 structures destroyed; 2 fatalities [81]
Guiberson Ventura 17,500 7,100 September 22, 2009 October 1, 2009 [82]
Rush Lassen 271,991 110,071 August 12, 2012 August 30, 2012 1 barn destroyed [83]
Springs Ventura 28,000 11,000 May 2, 2013 May 6, 2013 20 outbuildings destroyed [84]
Powerhouse Los Angeles 30,000 12,000 May 30, 2013 June 10, 2013 24 structures destroyed [85]
Mountain Riverside 27,531 11,141 July 15, 2013 July 21, 2013 23 structures destroyed [86]
Silver Riverside 20,292 8,212 August 7, 2013 August 12, 2013 48 structures destroyed [87]
Rim Tuolumne 257,314 104,131 August 17, 2013 October 24, 2013 112 structures destroyed [88]
Clover Shasta 8,073 3,267 September 9, 2013 September 15, 2013 68 homes destroyed; 1 fatality [89]
Happy Camp Complex Siskiyou 134,056 54,251 August 14, 2014 October 31, 2014 6 structures destroyed [90]
King El Dorado 97,717 39,545 September 13, 2014 October 9, 2014 80 structures destroyed [91]
Boles Siskiyou 516 209 September 15, 2014 October 11, 2014 157 structures destroyed [92]
Lake San Bernardino 31,359 12,691 June 17, 2015 August 1, 2015 4 structures destroyed [93]
North San Bernardino 4,250 1,720 July 17, 2015 July 21, 2015 7 structures destroyed [94]
Rocky Lake 69,438 28,101 July 29, 2015 August 14, 2015 43 structures destroyed [95]
Butte Amador, Calaveras 70,868 28,679 September 9, 2015 October 1, 2015 818 structures destroyed; 2 fatalities [96]
Valley Lake, Napa, Sonoma 76,067 30,783 September 12, 2015 October 15, 2015 1,955 structures destroyed; 4 fatalities [97]
Erskine Kern 47,864 19,370 June 23, 2016 July 11, 2016 309 buildings destroyed; 2 fatalities [98]
Sand Los Angeles 41,432 16,767 July 22, 2016 August 3, 2016 18 homes destroyed, 2 fatalities [99]
Soberanes Monterey 132,127 53,470 July 22, 2016 October 12, 2016 57 homes, 11 outbuildings destroyed, 1 fatality [100]
Chimney San Luis Obispo 46,344 18,755 August 13, 2016 September 6, 2016 68 structures destroyed [101]
Clayton Lake 3,929 1,590 August 13, 2016 August 26, 2016 175 structures destroyed, including a Habitat for Humanity office [102]
Blue Cut San Bernardino 37,000 15,000 August 16, 2016 August 23, 2016 105 homes, 213 outbuildings destroyed, 82,000+ evacuated [103]
Loma Santa Clara 4,474 1,811 September 26, 2016 October 12, 2016 28 structures destroyed [104]
Detwiler Mariposa 81,826 33,114 July 16, 2017 August 24, 2017 131 structures destroyed [105]
Tubbs Sonoma 36,807 14,895 October 8, 2017 October 31, 2017 5,643 structures destroyed; 22 fatalities [106][107][108]
Thomas Ventura, Santa Barbara 281,893 114,078 December 4, 2017 January 12, 2018 1,063 structures destroyed; 2 fatalities; 104,607 evacuated [109][110][111][112]
Lilac San Diego 4,100 1,700 December 7, 2017 December 16, 2017 157 structures destroyed; 10,000+ evacuated [113][114]
Ferguson Mariposa 96,901 39,214 July 13, 2018 August 19, 2018 2 firefighters killed, 19 injured [115]
Carr Shasta 229,651 92,936 July 23, 2018 August 30, 2018 1,604 structures destroyed; 8 fatalities [116]
Mendocino Complex Mendocino, Lake, Colusa, Glenn 459,102 185,792 July 27, 2018 September 18, 2018 277 structures destroyed, 1 fatality [117]
Camp Butte 153,336 62,050 November 8, 2018 November 25, 2018 18,804 structures destroyed, 85 fatalities [20][21]
Woolsey Los Angeles, Ventura 96,949 39,230 November 8, 2018 November 21, 2018 1,643 structures destroyed, 3 fatalities [118]

Areas of repeated ignition[]

The summer 2008 wildfires were widespread and deadly, with at least 3,596 wildfires of various origins burning throughout Northern and Central California, for around four months

In some parts of California, fires can recur in areas with histories of fires. In Oakland, for example, fires of various size and ignition occurred in 1923, 1931, 1933, 1937, 1946, 1955, 1960, 1961, 1968, 1970, 1980, 1990, 1991, 1995, 2002, and 2008.[119][120] Orange County, Riverside County, San Bernardino County, and Los Angeles County are other examples. Orange and San Bernardino counties share a border that runs north to south through the Chino Hills State Park, with the park's landscape ranging from large green coastal sage scrub, grassland, and woodland, to areas of brown sparsely dense vegetation made drier by droughts or hot summers. The valley's grass and barren land can become easily susceptible to dry spells and drought, therefore making it a prime spot for brush fires and conflagrations, many of which have occurred since 1914. Hills and canyons have seen brush or wildfires in 1914, the 1920s, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and into today.[121]

On occasion, lightning strikes from thunderstorms may also spark wildfires in areas that have seen past ignition. Examples of this are the 1999 Megram Fire, the 2008 California wildfires.[citation needed], as well as both the LNU and SCU Lightning Complex fires of 2020.

See also[]

References[]

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