List of Chinese criminal organizations

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Criminal gangs are found throughout Mainland China but are most active in Chongqing, Shanghai, Macau, Tianjin, Shenyang, and Guangzhou as well as in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. The number of people involved in organized crime on the mainland has risen from around 100,000 in 1986 to around 1.5 million in the year 2000.[1]

Since the new century, there are two academic books focusing on Chinese organized crime. Based on rich empirical work, these books offer how Chinese criminal organizations survive in the changing socio-economic and political environment. Y. K. Chu's Triads as Business[2] looks at the role of Hong Kong Triads in legal, illegal and international markets. Peng Wang's The Chinese Mafia[3] examines the rise of mainland Chinese organized crime and the political-criminal nexus (collusion between gangs and corrupt police officers) in reform and opening era of China.

Triad societies[]

Main article: Triad (underground society)

The following is a list of Chinese triad societies:

Criminally influenced tongs[]

  • 亞歷塘
  • Bing Kong Tong 孔桶
  • 張星
  • Four Brothers 四兄弟（塘）
  • 酥油孔桶
  • Hop Sing Tong 合勝堂
  • Hip Sing Tong 協勝堂
  • 洪門堂
  • 金酥油塘
  • 籽億龍堂
  • On Leong Tong 論梁彤
  • 北海堂
  • 同盟閣
  • Suey Sing Tong 穗星塘
  • 陳彤
  • 崇正會
  • 東安公所
  • 香港永
  • W章通
  • Ying On Tong 英端堂[12]

Gangs[]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Chu, Y. K. (2002). The triads as business. Routledge. ISBN 9780415757249
  3. ^ Wang, Peng (2017). The Chinese Mafia: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198758402
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Chinese Criminal Enterprises - US Department of State". Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c http://ited.yingwa.edu.hk/~ywc-031142/right9.html. Retrieved July 7, 2006. Missing or empty |title= (help)[dead link]
  6. ^ [2]
  7. ^ "Friends of Ours: Chinese Mafia". Bitterqueen.typepad.com. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  8. ^ "China's Business Newspaper". The Standard. Archived from the original on 2016-01-16. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  9. ^ [3] Archived May 15, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ "USAO/CDCA Press Release". Archived from the original on January 24, 2007. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "'Mosquito brother' celebrates 90th birthday in style". Taipei Times. 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  12. ^ "The Long Wall". Brockmorris.com. 1979-03-30. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  13. ^ "SAN FRANCISCO / Youths Plead Guilty In Extortion Attempt". SFGate. 2000-03-25. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  14. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110629052919/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=%2Fchronicle%2Farchive%2F1998%2F05%2F20%2FMN79431.DTL. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "A MEMOIR" By Bill Lee". "Chinese Playground. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  16. ^ "Bemboo Tigers". Brockmorris.com. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Presence". Brockmorris.com. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  18. ^ Finckenauer, James O. (December 6, 2007). "Chinese Transnational Organized Crime: The Fuk Ching" (PDF). National Institute of Justice. Washington, D.C.: National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b "New York City Chinatown > Newspaper Articles". Nychinatown.org. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  20. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110719131926/http://www.gorillaconvict.com/blog/index.php?date=200605&PHPSESSID=c54254173cf0191e423b691aa7e80e07. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  21. ^ "Deputies Set Free Suspect in Killing In Video Arcade". SFGate. 1999-06-17. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  22. ^ Kelly, Robert J.; Chin, Ko-lin; Schatzberg, Rufus (1994). Handbook of Organized Crime in the United States - Google Books. ISBN 9780313283666. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  23. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20130501175835/http://news.ncmonline.com/news/view_article.html?article_id=753&section_id=2. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved February 18, 2016. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  24. ^ "Fireworks". Brockmorris.com. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  25. ^ "A Looming Danger". Diálogo. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  26. ^ "Transnational Activities of Chinese Crime Organizations" (PDF). Loc.gov. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
  27. ^ "SAN FRANCISCO / Man Who Was Mistakenly Freed Is Rearrested". SFGate. 1999-08-04. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  28. ^ "Fifth Chinese restaurant attacked". smh.com.au. 2002-06-20. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  29. ^ Lane, Melissa (2005-04-27). "Gang Today, Hair Tomorrow | Feature | San Francisco | San Francisco News and Events". SF Weekly. Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  30. ^ Fried, Joseph P. (1995-01-18). "Tong Leader In Chinatown Is Convicted". NYTimes.com. New York City; Chinatown (Nyc). Retrieved 2015-02-19.
  31. ^ Leo, John (1985-07-08). "Law: Parasites on Their Own People". TIME. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved 2015-02-19.

Further reading[]

  • Chu, Y. K. (2002). The triads as business. Routledge.
  • Ko-lin Chin.Chinatown Gangs: Extortion, Enterprise, and Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • Peter Huston. Tongs, Gangs, and Triads: Chinese Crime Groups in North America (1995)
  • Lo, T. W. (2010). Beyond Social Capital: Triad Organized Crime in Hong Kong and China. British Journal of Criminology, 50(5), 851-872.
  • Wang, Peng. "The Increasing Threat of Chinese Organised Crime: national, regional and international perspectives", The RUSI Journal Vol. 158, No.4, (2013),pp. 6–18.
  • Wang, Peng (2017). The Chinese Mafia: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

External links[]

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