List of Christian martyrs

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This is a list of reputed martyrs of Christianity. It includes only notable people with Wikipedia articles. Not all Christian denominations accept every figure on this list as a martyr or Christian; see the linked articles for fuller discussion. In many denominations of Christianity, martyrdom is considered a direct path to sainthood and many names on this list are viewed as saints in one or more denomination.

Apostolic Age—1st century[]

"Martyrdom of St. Paul", Tintoretto

According to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles[]

According to early sources[]

  • James, brother of Jesus[1] - attested by Josephus ca. AD 94
  • Simon Peter, first attested by Tertullian about AD 200[2]
  • Paul the Apostle, first attested by Ignatius of Antioch probably about AD 110[3]

According to tradition[]

  • Andrew the Apostle[4]
  • Matthew the Apostle[5] - not attested by contemporary sources
  • Philip the Apostle - conflicting accounts[6]
  • Thomas the Apostle[7]
  • Jude Thaddeus[8]
  • Bartholomew - conflicting accounts[9]
  • Barnabas[10]
  • Simon Zelotes - contradictory late traditions.[11][12]
  • Mark the Evangelist[13]
  • Timothy[14] - not attested by contemporary sources
  • Philemon[15] - not attested by contemporary sources

Age of Martyrdom—2nd to 4th centuries[]

Pope St Fabian and Saint Sebastian, Giovanni di Paolo
The martyrdom of St. Alban, from a 13th-century manuscript, now in the Trinity College Library, Dublin. Note the executioner's eyes falling out of his head.

According to early Christian tradition[]

With some historical attestation within a hundred years of the event[]

With some historical attestation more than a hundred years after the event[]

Largely or wholly legendary[]

Middle Ages—5th to 15th-centuries[]

Reformation Era—16th century[]

Dirk Willems etching from Martyrs Mirror.
"Death of Cranmer", from the 1887 Foxe's Book of Martyrs
  • Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos, 1523, burned at the stake, early Lutheran martyrs
  • Jan de Bakker, 1525, burned at the stake
  • Felix Manz, 1527
  • Patrick Hamilton, 1528, burned at the stake, early Lutheran martyr
  • George Blaurock, 1529
  • St Thomas More, 1535, executed
  • St John Fisher, 1535
  • William Tyndale, 1535
  • Carthusian Martyrs, 1535–1537
  • St. Arthur of Glastonbury, 1539
  • Margaret Pole, 1541
  • Juan de Padilla, Spanish missionary to New Mexico, 1542
  • Mannar Catholic martyrs (1544)
  • Anne Askew, 1546
  • George Wishart, 1546
  • Luis de Cancer, Spanish missionary to La Florida, 1549
  • Lady Jane Grey, 1554
  • Hugh Latimer, 1555
  • Nicholas Ridley, 1555
  • Rowland Taylor, 1555
  • John Hooper, 1555
  • John Rogers, 1555
  • William Hunter, 1555
  • Lawrence Saunders, 1555
  • Thomas Cranmer, 1556
  • Dirk Willems, 1569
  • Martyrs of Gorkum, 1572, including Nicholas Pieck and John of Cologne
  • St Edmund Campion, 1581
  • Margaret Ball, 1584
  • The Forty Martyrs of England and Wales, various dates

Modern Era—17th to 21st centuries[]

Feodosia Morozova, an Old Believer being arrested by Czarist authorities.
An illustration depicts the brutal death of Father Luís Jayme by the hands of angry natives at Mission San Diego de Alcalá in Alta California, November 4, 1775.

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Lyons, George. Antiquities of the Jews - Book XX, Chapter 9. Retrieved 6 December 2016.
  2. ^ Quintus Septimius Florens, Tertullian. "Prescription Against Heretics Chapter XXXVI". ccel.org. Retrieved 1 June 2015. "Since, moreover, you are close upon Italy, you have Rome, from which there comes even into our own hands the very authority (of apostles themselves). How happy is its church, on which apostles poured forth all their doctrine along with their blood; where Peter endures a passion like his Lord's; where Paul wins his crown in a death like John's[the Baptist]; where the Apostle John was first plunged, unhurt, into boiling oil, and thence remitted to his island-exile."
  3. ^ Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Ephesians, Chapter XII
  4. ^ The legends surrounding Andrew are discussed in F. Dvornik, "The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew", Dumbarton Oaks Studies, IV (Cambridge) 1958.
  5. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Matthew".
  6. ^ Schaff, Philip (1885). "Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 8". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved 14 March 2007.
  7. ^ Farmer, David (2011). The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Fifth Edition Revised. Oxford University Press. p. 418. ISBN 978-0199596607.
  8. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Apocrypha".
  9. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Bartholomew".
  10. ^ Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005). The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. p. 160. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
  11. ^ Jones, Terry H (6 January 2009). "Saint Simon the Apostle". Saints.SQPN.com. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  12. ^ "St. Simon of Zealot". Catholic Online. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
  13. ^ Pope Shenouda III. The Beholder of God Mark the Evangelist Saint and Martyr, Chapter Seven. Tasbeha.org
  14. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Epistles to Timothy and Titus".
  15. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philemon".
  16. ^ Henry Wace, Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies, s.v. "Polycarpus, bishop of Smyrna".
  17. ^ Lebreton, J. (1910). St. Justin Martyr. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  18. ^ Smith, Clyde Curry. "Speratus", Dictionary of African Christian Biography, 2004
  19. ^ Foley O.F.M., Leonard. Saint of the Day, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan Media ISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
  20. ^ Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome
  21. ^ Whitehead, Kenneth D. "Witnesses of the Passion", Touchstone Magazine
  22. ^ "The Letter of the Churchs of Vienna and Lyons to the Churches of Asia and Phrygia", Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University
  23. ^ Meier, Gabriel (1909). "Pope St. Fabian" in The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  24. ^ Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Sebastian". My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 22–23. ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
  25. ^ Millar, Fergus (1993). The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-77886-3.
  26. ^ "NPNF210. Ambrose: Selected Works and Letters - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
  27. ^ "Sts. Felix and Adauctus". Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  28. ^ Amore, Agostino (5 Nov 2008). "Santi Marcellino e Pietro". Santi e Beati. Retrieved January 9, 2009.
  29. ^ Homilies xix in P.G., XXXI, 507 sqq.
  30. ^ "St. Euphemia the All-Praised", Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese
  31. ^ Chapman, John. "St. Cyprian of Carthage." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 15 Jan. 2013
  32. ^ Bede. "Ecclesiastical History of the English People". Internet History Sourcebook. Fordham University. Retrieved 3 November 2013.
  33. ^ Chronicle, from the Latin translation of Jerome, p. 276.
  34. ^ Butler, Alban (1799). The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints: Compiled from Original Monuments, and other Authenic Records: Illustrated with the Remarks of Judicious Modern Critics and Historians (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: J. Moir for J. P. Coghlan.
  35. ^ Hubertus Drobner, Der heilige Pankratius: Leben, Legende und Verehrung 2nd rev. ed. 2005.
  36. ^ "XVI kalendas Martii Interamnae Via Flaminia miliario ab Urbe Roma LXIII natale Valentini." In J. B. de Rossi, p. 20 (XVI KL. MAR.). See also M. Schoepflin, p. 40: "the original text".
  37. ^ "St. Petronilla". Wikimedia. Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  38. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Afra." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 12 Apr. 2013
  39. ^ Attwater, Donald (1995) [1965]. Dictionary of Saints (Third ed.). London: Penguin Reference.
  40. ^ Herbert Thurston (1913). "St. Januarius" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  41. ^ Mershman, Francis. "St. Vincent." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 12 Feb. 2015
  42. ^ Two thousand years of Coptic Christianity, Otto Friedrich August Meinardus
  43. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Lucy".
  44. ^ "Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Lawrence." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 February 2013".
  45. ^ Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Cecilia", The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 24 April 2013.
  46. ^ "Clugnet, Léon. "St. Catherine of Alexandria." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 1 May 2013". Newadvent.org. 1908-11-01. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
  47. ^ "Sts. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia". Wikimedia. Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  48. ^ "Pelagia". Wikimedia. Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  49. ^ "Saint Sophia". Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America.
  50. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush. "Canonization of the Martyrs of the Armenian Genocide: Message of His Holiness Karekin II". Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
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