List of Dacian towns and fortresses

Dacian towns and fortresses with the dava ending, covering Dacia, Moesia, Thrace and Dalmatia

This is a list of ancient Dacian towns and fortresses from all the territories once inhabited by Dacians, Getae and Moesi. The large majority of them are located in the traditional territory of the Dacian Kingdom at the time of Burebista. This area includes the present-day countries of Romania and Moldova, as well as parts of mostly southern and eastern Ukraine, Slovakia,^[1] Poland and Hungary, as well as ancient Moesia (Eastern Serbia, Northern Bulgaria). However some isolated settlements are located in Dalmatia (modern Albania and Croatia) as is the case of Thermidava,^[2]^[3] or in Dardania (Kosovo) as is Quemedava.^[3]

The Dacian towns are also called davae (singular dava) since many names were composed of an initial lexical element affixed to -dava, -daua, -deva, -deba, -daba, or -dova, which meant "city", "town" or "fortress"" in the Dacian language (<PIE *dhe-, "to set, place"^[4] or *dhewa, "settlement"^[5]). Generally, the name indicated a tribal center or an important settlement, usually fortified.

The known towns names have been are attested by Ptolemy (1st century AD) and other ancient writers, but many have not been identified in the field yet. Conversely, there are many recent discoveries of Dacian settlements and fortresses, but most of them have no assigned names yet.

Some of the Dacian settlements and the fortresses employed the traditional Murus Dacicus (Dacian Wall) construction technique.

Table[]

Name	Tribe	Founded	Attested by	Area (ha)	Discovery	Location	Country
Acidava^[6] (Acidaua^[4]^[7])	?	?	Tabula Peutingeriana^[7]^[8]	?	?	Enoșești^[9]	Romania
Acmonia (Ancient Greek: ��κμωνία, romanized: Akmonia;^[10]^[11] Agnaviae;^[12]^[13] Agmonia^[14]^[13])	?	?	Ptolemy's Geographia;^[10]^[11] Tabula Peutingeriana;^[12]^[13] Ravenna Cosmography^[14]^[13]	?	?	between Marga and Zăvoi^[15]	Romania
Aedava^[16] (Ancient Greek: Ἀέδαβα^[17]^[4])	?	Unknown; Justinian (r. 527–565) restored the damaged portion of the town defenses^[17]	Procopius, ^[17]^[4]	?	?	on the between and ^[17]^[4]	Bulgaria
Aiadava	?	?	?	?	?	Bela Palanka	Serbia
Aizis	?	?	?	?	?	Fârliug	Romania
Amutria	?	?	?	?	?	?	Romania
Apulon	?	?	?	?	?	Alba Iulia	Romania
	?	?	?	?	?	?	Romania
Arcobadara	?	?	?	?	?	?	Romania
(Mala Kopania)	?	?	?	?	?		Ukraine
(Zemplín)	?	?	?	?	?	Zemplín	Slovakia

Notes[]

^ Husovská (1998) 13
^ Five Roman emperors: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, A.D. 69-117 - by Bernard William Henderson - 1969, page 278,"At Thermidava he was warmly greeted by folk quite obviously Dacians"
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Illyés 1988, p. 223.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Olteanu, LTDM - Toponyms. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFOlteanu (help)
^ Polomé 1982, p. 886.
^ Grumeza 2009, p. 13.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII,5.
^ Schütte 1917, p. 81.
^ Bowman, Garnsey & Cameron 2005, p. 745.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Ptolemy & 140 AD, III 8,4.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Olteanu, LTDM - Ptolemy's Dacia. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFOlteanu (help)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII,4.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Olteanu, LTDM - IPA. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFOlteanu (help)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Ravenna Cosmography, IV 14,203.
^ Rusu 1997, p. 191.
^ Velkov 1977, p. 92.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Procopius & 550 AD, IV 2,6.

References[]

Ancient[]

Anonymous (1-4th century AD). Tabula Peutingeriana (in Latin). Check date values in: |year= (help)
Anonymous (7th century AD). Ravenna Cosmography (in Latin). Ravenna. Check date values in: |year= (help)
Procopius (ca. 550 AD). De Aedificiis [The Buildings of Justinian] (in Ancient Greek). Check date values in: |year= (help)
Ptolemy, Claudius (ca. 140 AD). Geographia [Geography] (in Ancient Greek). Sumptibus et typis Caroli Tauchnitii. Check date values in: |year= (help)

Modern[]

Bowman, Alan Keir; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 12: The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193–337. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521301992. |volume= has extra text (help)
Grumeza, Ion (2009). Dacia: Land of Transylvania, Cornerstone of Ancient Eastern Europe. Hamilton Books. ISBN 0761844651. The shores of the Danube were well monitored from the Dacian fortresses Acidava, Buricodava, Dausadava (the shrine of the wolves), Diacum, Drobeta (Turnu Severin), Nentivava (Oltenita), Suvidava (Corabia), Tsirista, Tierna/Dierna (Orsova) and what is today Zimnicea. Downstream were also other fortresses: Axiopolis (Cernadova), Barbosi, Buteridava, Capidava(Topalu), Carsium(Harsova), Durostorum(Silistra), Sacidava/Sagadava (Dunareni) along with still others...
Illyés, Elemér (1988). Ethnic continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian area. East European Monographs. East European Monographs. ISBN 978-0880331463.
Olteanu, Sorin. "Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Itinerarium Pictum Annotatum". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum (in Romanian and English). Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Olteanu, Sorin. "Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Ptolemy's Dacia". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum (in Romanian and English). Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 3 March 2011.
Olteanu, Sorin. "Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms". Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum (in Romanian and English). Archived from the original on 3 January 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2010.
Polomé, Edgar Charles (1982). "20e". In Boardman, John (ed.). The Cambridge Ancient History. The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 3, Part 1: The Prehistory of the Balkans, and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. London: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-22496-3. |volume= has extra text (help)
Rusu, Mircea (1997). "3". Istoria României. Transilvania (PDF) (in Romanian). 1. Cluj-Napoca: Editura "George Barițiu". Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-09.
Schütte, Gudmund (1917). Ptolemy's maps of northern Europe: a reconstruction of the prototypes. Copenhagen: H. Hagerup.
(1977). The Cities in Thrace and Dacia in Late Antiquity: (Studies and Materials). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. ISBN 9025607233.

External links[]

Dacian towns and fortress - Google Maps
Dacian towns and fortress - Google Earth
Dacian Davae in Enciclopedia Dacica (in Romanian)
Dacian materials and construction techniques in Enciclopedia Dacica (in Romanian)
Sorin Olteanu's Project: Linguae Thraco-Daco-Moesorum - Toponyms Section ((in Romanian), partially (in English))
Lists of Dacian fortresses, towns and citadels

[1] Husovská (1998) 13

[2] Five Roman emperors: Vespasian, Titus, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, A.D. 69-117 - by Bernard William Henderson - 1969, page 278,"At Thermidava he was warmly greeted by folk quite obviously Dacians"

[FOOTNOTEIllyés1988223-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b Illyés 1988, p. 223.

[FOOTNOTEOlteanuLTDM_-_Toponyms-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Olteanu, LTDM - Toponyms. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFOlteanu (help)

[FOOTNOTEPolomé1982886-5] Polomé 1982, p. 886.

[FOOTNOTEGrumeza200913-6] Grumeza 2009, p. 13.

[FOOTNOTETabula_PeutingerianaSegmentum_VII,5-7] Jump up to: ^a ^b Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII,5.

[FOOTNOTESchütte191781-8] Schütte 1917, p. 81.

[FOOTNOTEBowmanGarnseyCameron2005745-9] Bowman, Garnsey & Cameron 2005, p. 745.

[FOOTNOTEPtolemy140_ADIII_8,4-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b Ptolemy & 140 AD, III 8,4.

[FOOTNOTEOlteanuLTDM_-_Ptolemy's_Dacia-11] Jump up to: ^a ^b Olteanu, LTDM - Ptolemy's Dacia. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFOlteanu (help)

[FOOTNOTETabula_PeutingerianaSegmentum_VII,4-12] Jump up to: ^a ^b Tabula Peutingeriana, Segmentum VII,4.

[FOOTNOTEOlteanuLTDM_-_IPA-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Olteanu, LTDM - IPA. sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFOlteanu (help)

[FOOTNOTERavenna_CosmographyIV_14,203-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b Ravenna Cosmography, IV 14,203.

[FOOTNOTERusu1997191-15] Rusu 1997, p. 191.

[FOOTNOTEVelkov197792-16] Velkov 1977, p. 92.

[FOOTNOTEProcopius550_ADIV_2,6-17] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Procopius & 550 AD, IV 2,6.

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