List of Germans who resisted Nazism

Alexander Abusch (1966)

Anton Ackermann in Leipzig, May 1, 1950

Memorial in Berlin-Bohnsdorf for seven Bohnsdorfers killed resisting the Nazi government. The caption reads: Brought to death, yet see: we live

This list contains the names of individuals involved in the German resistance to Nazism, but is not a complete list. Names are periodically added, but not all names are known. There are both men and women on this list of Widerstandskämpfer ("Resistance fighters") primarily German, some Austrian or from elsewhere, who risked or lost their lives in a number of ways. They tried to overthrow the National Socialist regime, they denounced its wars as criminal, tried to prevent World War II and sabotaged German attacks on other countries. Some tried to protect those who were being harmed and persecuted by the Nazis, others merely refused to contribute to the Nazi war effort. Most of those on the list worked with others; their affiliated resistance group or groups are listed. Where no group is mentioned, the individual acted alone.

A[]

Anton Ackermann (real name: Eugen Hanisch, 25 December 1905 Thalheim, Saxony - 4 May 1973 East Berlin) was an East German politician
[de] (1876–1951) Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP), National Committee for a Free Germany in Switzerland
Wolfgang Abendroth (1906–1985) KPO, Neu Beginnen, ELAS
[de] (1894–1949) DDP
Robert Abshagen (1911–1944), KPD
Alexander Abusch (1902–1982), KPD
[de] (1888–1943), SPD, supporter of Polish resistance group organized by
[de] (1918–1995), White Rose
[de] (1894–1936), KPD^[1]
[de] (1885–1960), SPD
Agnes Asche (1881–1966), SPD member, arrested for distributing illegal newspapers
Rosa Aschenbrenner (1885–1967), Rote Hilfe
Judith Auer (1905–1944), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
[de] (1905–1975) SPD, International Transport Workers' Federation
Hermann Axen (1916–1992), KPD

B[]

Bernhard Bästlein, 1964 stamp from the GDR

Herbert Baum, 1930 portrait from a photograph

Hans Beimler and fight scene of the International Brigades in the background

Hans Berger

Hermann Böse

German stamp on the occasion of Eugen Bolz' 125th birthday

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Willy Brandt

Hermann Brill

Ernst Busch (actor)

[de], Edelweißpiraten
Lagi von Ballestrem (1909–1955), Solf Circle
[de] (1897–1945), KPD
Karl Baier (1887–1973), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1881–1931), KPD
Karl Barth (1886–1968), theologian, Confessing Church
[de] (1906–1944), KPD
Bernhard Bästlein (1894–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group and Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
Albert Battel (1891–1952), Wehrmacht
Herbert Baum (1912–1942), KJVD, Herbert Baum Group^[2]
Marianne Baum (1912–1942), Herbert Baum Group^[3]
[de] (1911–1988), SPD-RK
[de] (1905–1938), KPD
Arno Behrisch (1913–1989), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, ITF
[de] (1896–1997), Catholic church
Hans Beimler (Communist) (1895–1936), KPD
Walter Beling (1899–1988), Résistance
[de] (1895–1942), KPD
Helene Berg (1906–2006)
[de] (b. 1914-2011), IKD, secretary of Oskar Schindler
[de] (1913–2005) KPO
[de] (1877–1949), Rote Hilfe
Gustav Bermel (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Eberhard Bethge (1909–2000), student of Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Wilhelm Beuttel (1901–1945), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1890–1945), Wehrmacht,
Dagobert Biermann (1904–1943), KPD^[1]
Charlotte Bischoff (1901–1994), KPD, Red Orchestra
Peter Blachstein (1911–1977), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, , Neuer Weg Group
[de] (1901–1943), KPD
Willi Bleicher (1907–1981), KPD, unionist
[de] (1900–1965), Socialist Front
[de] (1906–1941), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, ^[1]
[de] (1906–1942), KPD
Gustav Böhrnsen (1914-1998) SPD, unionist
Hermann Böse (1870–1943), Communist resistance
Walter Bohne (1903–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
[de] (1904–1943), Rote Hilfe
Eugen Bolz (1881–1945), Zentrumspartei
Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), Confessing Church
Klaus Bonhoeffer (1901–1945), Confessing Church
[de] (1897–1968), KPD
(1899-1972), painter.^[4]^[5]^[6]
Willy Brandt (1913–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Otto Brass (1875–1950),
Willi Bredel (1901–1964), KPD
Rudolf Breitscheid (1874–1944), SPD
Otto Brenner (1907–1972), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
[de] (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
Hermann Brill (1895–1959), Neu Beginnen, , Buchenwald Popular Front Committee
[de] (1886–1944), SPD
Paul Bromme (1906–1975), Sopade,
Arnolt Bronnen (1895–1959),
[de] (1893–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group^[1]
[de] (1889–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group^[1]
Eberhard Brünen (1906–1980), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
[de] (1889–1964), Heimwehr
Werner Bruschke (1898–1995), SPD
[de] "Appel" (1912–1978), KPD
[de] (1889–1940), KPO
[de] (1908–1980), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1890–1938), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1901–1934) KPD
[de] (1905-1945) SPD
Ernst Busch (actor) (1900–1980), actor, KPD
Wilhelm Busch (pastor) (1897–1966), Confessing Church

C[]

Wilhelm Franz Canaris

[de] (1916–1945), [de]
Wilhelm Canaris (1887–1945),
Emil Carlebach (1914–2001), KPD
[de] (1909–1988), KPD
[de] (1893–1935), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1898–1945), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
[de] (d. 1942), KPD^[1]
[de] (1894–1945), KPD
[de] (1876–1945), SPD

D[]

The Jesuit Alfred Delp was an influential member of the Kreisau Circle - one of the few clandestine German Resistance groups operating inside Nazi Germany.

Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), KPD
Alfred Delp (1907–1945), Catholic church
[de] (1907–2000), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1892–1973), SPD
Marlene Dietrich (1901-1992), actress and singer
[de] (1908–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Willi Dickhut (1904–1992), KPD
[de] (1904–1993), SPD
Hans von Dohnanyi (1902–1945), Confessing Church
Leo Drabent (1899–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
Fritz Dressel (1896–1933), KPD
[de] (1896–1976), Ernst Niekisch resistance movement

E[]

Eberhard at the award ceremony of the Carl von Ossietzky Medal, 1979

Hans Philipp Ehrenberg, ca. 1940

Fritz Eberhard (1896–1982), ISK
Erwin Eckert (1893–1972), BRSD, KPD
Hugo Eckener (1868–1954), manager of the Luftschiffbau Zeppelin
Hans Ehrenberg (1883–1958), Lutheran theologian, a founder of the Confessing Church
Willi Eichler (1896–1971), ISK
Ernst Hampel (1919–1945), communist
Elvira Eisenschneider (1924–1944), NKFD
[de] (1901–1944), KPD
Georg Elser (1903–1945), acted alone
[de] (1907–1942), KPD
August Enderle (1887–1959), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
[de] (1893–1944), KPD
[de] (1895–1945), KPD
Leopold Engleitner (1905–2013), Jehovah's Witness
Fritz Erler (1913–1967), Neu Beginnen
Anna Essinger (1879–1960), Landschulheim Herrlingen^[7]
(d. 1945), KJVD^[1]
Walter Eucken (1891-1950), economist

F[]

Egon Franke, 1976

David Frankfurter in British Mandate of Palestine, 1945

August Froehlich

Fuchs in 1912 with his wife and three oldest children; Klaus is on his mother's lap.

Dora Fabian (1901–1935) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Walter Fabian (1902–1995) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Marianne Feldhammer (1909–1996), [de]
[de] (1913–1945) KPD
Hermann Fischer (1912–1984), Rote Hilfe and Brümmer Kleine resistance group
Mildred Fish-Harnack (1902-1943), Red Orchestra
Herbert Frahm see Willy Brandt
Egon Franke (politician) (1913–1995), SPD
David Frankfurter (1909–1982), acted alone
[de] (1909–1943), Neu Beginnen
Georg Fritze (1874–1939), BRSD
August Froehlich (1891–1942), Catholic church
Paul Frölich (1884–1953), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Emil Fuchs (1874–1971), BRSD
[de] (1894–1933), KPD
Max Fürst (1905–1978), author
[de] (1894–1965), SPD

G[]

Clemens August Graf von Galen

Image of Jakob Gapp in Wattens

Eugen Gerstenmaier, 1960

Peter Gingold

Kurt Julius Goldstein

Memorial stone for Georg Groscurth at Unterhaun cemetery

Otto Grotewohl

(1880–1939), acted alone^[8]
Albrecht Gaiswinkler (1905–1979), Special Operations Executive spy
Clemens August Graf von Galen (1878–1946), Catholic church
Willi Gall (1908–1941), KPD
Jakob Gapp (1897–1943), Catholic church
Martin Gauger (1905–1941), Confessing Church, Kreisau Circle
Lisa Gavric (1907–1974), Résistance
Herta Geffke (1893–1973), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1905–2002), ISK, ELAS
[de] (1896–1933), KPD
Fritz Gerlich (1883–1934), journalist
Kurt Gerstein (1905–1945), Waffen-SS, Gerstein Report author
Eugen Gerstenmaier (1906–1986), Confessing Church
Johann Geusendam (1866–1945), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1916–2001), KPD
Peter Gingold (1916–2006), KPD
[de] (1905–2002),
Helene Glatzer (1902–1935), KPD
[de] (1905–1973), SPD
[de] (1892–1944), KPD
[de] (1895–1964) SPD
(1912-1994), KPD, Rote Hilfe
[de] (1895–1933), KPD
[de] (1908–1976), KPD
Kurt Julius Goldstein (1914–2007), KPD
Albert Göring (1895–1966), businessman and younger brother of Nazi leader Hermann
[de] (1897–1949), AfA-Bund, Neu Beginnen, Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany
Herta Gotthelf (1902–1963), SPD
Hugo Gräf (1892–1958), Rote Hilfe
Willi Graf (1918–1943), White Rose
[de] (1921–2008), Special Operations Executive spy
[de] (1907–1990), Rote Hilfe
Karl Grönsfelder (1882–1964), KPD
[de] (1896–1944), SPD
Anneliese Groscurth (1910–1996), European Union (resistance group)
Georg Groscurth (1904–1944), European Union (resistance group)
Helmuth Groscurth (1898-1943) Wehrmacht and Abwehr officer
[de] (1905–1942), KPD
Otto Grotewohl (1894–1964), SPD
[de] (1912–1945), KPD, London "Free Germans" of the OSS (precursor to the CIA)
[de] (1921–1942),
Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), KPD
[de] (1925–1944), KPD

H[]

Häfner's tomb in the crypt of the Neumünster in 2010 - it is now differently marked with a modern sculpture.

Memorial plaque at the site of the Hampels' former residence, Amsterdamer Straße 10 in Berlin.

Stolperstein for Else Hirsch on sidewalk in downtown Bochum.

Erich Honecker

Kurt Huber

Alois Hundhammer

Georg Häfner (1900–1942), Catholic church
Kurt Hälker (1922–2010), Résistance
[de] (1903–1987), KPD
Elise Hampel (1903–1943), acted alone with husband Otto
Ernst Hampel (1919–1945), part of the Etter-Rose-Hampel group
Otto Hampel, (1897–1943), acted alone with wife Elise
Arvid Harnack (1901–1942), Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra)
Werner Hansen (1905–1972), ISK
[de] (1892–1944), KPD
Elli Hatschek (1901–1944) European Union (resistance group)
Paul Hatschek (1888–1944) European Union (resistance group)
Theodor Haubach (1896–1945), SPD^[1]
[de] (1912–1951), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1900–1973), KPO
[de] (1881–1952), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1899–1967), Catholic church [de]
Rudolf-Ernst Heiland (1910–1965), IKD
Ernst Heilmann (1881–1940), SPD
[de] (1890–1946), SPD, Reichsbanner
[de] (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig Group
[de] (1903–1942), Catholic church
[de] (1910–1942), IKD* Georg Henke (1908–1986), KPD
Albert Hensel (1895–1942), KPD
Liselotte Herrmann (1909–1938), KPD
[de] (1903–1943)
[de] (b. 1906), National Committee for a Free Germany
Heinz Heydrich (1905–1944), younger brother of Reinhard Heydrich ("The Butcher of Prague")
Friedrich Hielscher (1902–1990), Konservative Revolution
Rainer Hildebrandt (1914–2004),
Else Himmelheber (1905–1944), resistance group in
[de] (1900–1990), Trotzkyist
Else Hirsch (1889–1942 or 1943), schoolteacher, organized 10 children's transports out of Germany
[de] (1889–1937), SPD
[de] (1904–1979), KPD
[de] (1880–1945), SPD
[de] (1902–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
Erich Honecker (1912–1994), KPD
[de] (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
Wilm Hosenfeld (1895-1952), Nazi Captain who hid and rescued many Polish people, including Władysław Szpilman
Kurt Huber (1893–1943), White Rose
Helmuth Hübener (1925–1942), Hamburg Vierergruppe (German Resistance)
[de] (1921–2002)
Alois Hundhammer (1900–1974), at the time, the youngest member of the Bavarian Landtag
Peter Hüppeler (1913–1944), Ehrenfeld Group

I[]

Karl Ibach (1915–1990), KPD
[de] (1906–1988), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
[de] (1904–1983), SPD, party chairman of Sopade, Belgium

J[]

Franz Jacob, 1964 stamp from the DDR

Hans Jendretzky during a Jugendweihe, 1972.

Franz Jacob (1906–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group, Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
Katharina Jacob (1907–1989), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
[de] (1885–1935), elected legislator from Prussia SPD
Rudolf Jacobs (1914–1944), (in Italy, naval officer, partisan in Italy with "Ugo Muccini" Garibaldi brigade)
[de] (1916–1942), KPD,
Franz Jägerstätter (1907–1943), Austrian conscientious objector
Frieda (Friedel) and Rudolf Jahn (d. 1951), Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany
Hans Jahn (1885–1960), International Transport Workers' Federation
[de] (1897–1964), Confessing Church
Hans Jendretzky (1897–1992), KPD
Marianne Joachim (1921–1943),
[de] (1900–1999), KPD
[de] (1908–1944), KPD
Franz Jung (1888–1963), KAPD and
[de] (1903–1945), KPD
[de] (1902–1975), IKD

K[]

Otto Kahn-Freund (1900–1979) Jurist
Jakob Kaiser (1888–1961) Zentrumspartei
[de] (1913–2006), ISK
Heinz Kapelle (1913–1941), KPD
[de] (1907–1967), ISK and Independent Socialist Union
Friedrich Kellner (1885–1970), SPD
Kilian Kirchhoff (1892–1944), Catholic church
Johanna Kirchner (1884–1944), SPD, Rote Hilfe
Ernst Kirchweger (1898–1965), KPÖ
Heinz Kiwitz (1910–1938), ASSO
Michael Kitzelmann (1916-1942), Lieutenant in the Wehrmacht
Erich Klausener (1885–1934), Zentrumspartei, Catholic church
[de] (1883–1944), KPD
Walter Klingenbeck (1924–1943), Munich Vierergruppe (German Resistance)
[de] (1891–1944), Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold and Protestant teenagers' group
Rudolf Klug (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
Wilhelm Knöchel (1899–1944), KPD
[de] (1906–1971), SPD, Neu Beginnen
[de] (1893–1944), KPD
Gertrud Koch (1924–2016), Edelweißpiraten
Hans Koch (1893–1945), Jurist, Confessing Church
Werner Koch (pastor) (1910-1994), Pastor, Confessing Church, brother of Hans Koch
[de] (1909–2002), ISK
Bernard Koenen (1889–1964), Rote Hilfe and National Committee for a Free Germany
[de] (1915–1988), Rote Hilfe
Olga Körner (1887–1969), KPD
Fritz Kolbe (1900–1971), acted alone
[de] (1889–1964), National Committee for a Free Germany
[de] (1901–1943), KPD
Walter Kraemer (1892–1941), KPD
[de] (1916-1944), Austrian Catholic, supported French Resistance (acting alone)
Heinrich Kratina (1906–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Wilhelm Kratz (1902–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
[de] (1887–1950)
Johann Krausen (1887–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Willi Kreikemeyer (1894–1950), KPD
[de] (1917–2004), Résistance
Lothar Kreyssig (1898–1986), Jurist (only judge to intervene in Aktion T4 euthanasia operation), Confessing Church
[de] (1907–1937), KPD
Maria Krüger (1907–1987), Rote Hilfe
Alfred Kubel (1909–1999), ISK
Adam Kuckhoff (1887–1943), Red Orchestra
Greta Kuckhoff (1902–1981), Red Orchestra
Heinz Kühn (1912–1992), SPD
Otto Kühne (1893–1955), KPD und Résistance
[de] (1901–1943), KPD
Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), KPD
[de] (1895–1944), KPD
[de] (1887–1942),

L[]

Max Lackmann (1910–2000), Evangelical Church in Germany
[de] (1909–1944) KPD
Erwin von Lahousen (1897–1955) military resistance
Fritz Lange (1898–1981), Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany, KPD, Rotfrontkämpferbund
Paul Langen (1893–1945)
Käthe Latzke (d. 1945), KPD^[1]
Julius Leber (1891–1945), SPD
[de] (1908–1945), SPD
[de] (1906–1943), IKD
Hans Conrad Leipelt (1921-1945), White Rose^[1]
Josef Lenzel (1890–1942), Catholic church
Theodor Lessing (1872–1933), acted alone
[de] (1910–1965), KPD
Wilhelm Leuschner (1890–1944), SPD
Bernhard Lichtenberg (1875–1943), Catholic church
Hermann Lichtenegger (1900–1984),
Simone Arnold Liebster (1930), Jehovah's Witness
[de] (1900–1967)
Max Liedtke (1894–1955) Wehrmacht major.
Rosa Lindemann (1876–1958), KPD, Rote Hilfe in Berlin-Moabit
Herta Lindner (1920–1943), KJVD
[de] (1907–1981), ISK
[de] (1909–1994), Rote Hilfe and Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
Hans Litten (1903–1938)
Paul Löbe (1875–1967), SPD
(Executed 1941), mentioned in 2002 book Shades of Gray by Arthur O. Naujoks Jr. and Michael S. Eldredge, pages 43, 44, 144.
[de] (1896–1977), Neu Beginnen
Roland Lorent (1920–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
[de] (1895–1961), SPD
[de] (1898–1984)
[de] (1906–1943 missing), KPD

M[]

Johann Maier (1906–1945) preacher, Regensburger Dom
Heinrich Maier (1908–1945), theologian [de]
Adolf Maislinger (1903–1985), KPD
Maria von Maltzan (1909–1997), Solf Circle
Maria Restituta (née Helene Kafka) (1894–1943) Franciscan
Hilde Meisel (Hilda Monte) (1914–1945), ISK
[de] (1909–2007), KPD, Résistance
August Merges (1870–1945), [de]
[de] (1896–1945), [de]
Max Josef Metzger (1887–1944), Catholic church
Herbert Michaelis (1898–1939), lawyer, KPD, Michaelis Group
Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943), SPD
[de] (1883–1964), KPD, Rote Hilfe
Helmuth James Graf von Moltke (1907–1945), founding member, Kreisau Circle
Mentona Moser (1874–1971), Rote Hilfe
Erich Mühsam (1878–1934)
Josef Müller (CSU politician) (1898–1979), Bavarian People's Party, Catholic resistance
Oskar Müller (1896–1970), KPD

N[]

Harry Naujoks (1901–1983), KPD
[de] (1890–1945), KPD
[de] (1891–1943), Rote Hilfe
[de], SPD
Ernst Niekisch (1889–1967), publisher of Widerstand, Magazine for national revolutionary Politics
Katja Niederkirchner (1909–1944), KPD
Martin Niemöller (1892–1984), Confessing Church
^[9] (1891–1937), Rote Hilfe, KPD, father of Fritz and Anna Pröll (see P), one of the first Augsburg Nazi murder victims in Dachau concentration camp
[de] (1892–1953), SPD
[de] (1912–2003) Socialist Workers' Party of Germany

O[]

Carl von Ossietzky

[de] (1912–2003), Aktion Rheinland
[de] (1890–1982), KPD
[de] (1908–1939), KPD
[de] (1900–1978)
Carl von Ossietzky (1889–1938)
Hans Oster (1887–1945)

P[]

[de] (1892–1935)
Resi Pesendorfer (1902–1989)
Toni Pfülf (1877–1933), member of the SPD
[de] (1886–1965), Confessing Church
[de] (1928–2001), Edelweißpiraten
[de] (1906–1974), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1920–1969), Westerweel Group
[de] (1899–1933), KPD
[de] (d. 1944), SS-Obersturmbannführer with contact with Wilhelm Canaris
Karl Plagge (1897–1957), Wehrmacht officer, acted alone
[de] (1906–1973), Communist Party Opposition
Sepp Plieseis (1913–1966), KPÖ,
[de] (d, 1943), KPD^[1]
[de] (1903–1972), Group, Confessing Church, BRSD
Ottilie Pohl (1867–1943), USPD, Rote Hilfe in Berlin-Moabit
Johannes Popitz (1884–1945),
Hedwig Porschütz (1900–1977), Righteous among the Nations
[de] (1907–1945), KPD
[de] (1900–1971), KPD
Bernard Povel (called Ben Povel) (1897–1952), Catholic textile manufacturer, Zentrumspartei
Olga Benario-Prestes (1908–1942), KPD
Konrad von Preysing (1880–1950), Catholic church
Christoph Probst (1919–1943), White Rose
Fritz Pröll (1915–1944), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1896–1945), Rote Hilfe

R[]

[de] (1899–1971), KPD
Siegfried Rädel (1893–1943), KPD
Adolf Reichwein 1898–1944, SPD
Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), Catholic church
[de] (1907–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group
[de] (1910-1958), ELAS
[de] (1898–1944), European Union (resistance group)
Franz Rheinberger (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Albert Richter (1912-1940), track cyclist
[de] (1911–1970), Catholic church
[de] (1908–1944), Robert Uhrig Group
[de] (1886–1951), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
[de] (1897–1981), DDP
[de] (1915–2008), CVJM
Beppo Römer (1892–1944), KPD
Erwin Rommel (1891-1944),Wehrmacht
Augustin Rösch (1893–1961), Kreisau Circle, Catholic church
[de] (1902–1991), Catholic church
[de] (1901–1988), SPD
[de] (1912–1964), KPD
[de] (1902–1975), SPD

S[]

Anton Saefkow (1903–1944), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization
Herbert Sandberg (1908–1991), KPD, Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists
Willi Sänger (1894–1944), KPD
[de] (ca. 1904–1997), Solf Circle
Karl Schapper (1879–1941), Catholic
Werner Scharff (1912–1945), [de]
John Schehr (1896–1934), KPD
[de] (1899–1945), KPD
(1902–1944), acted alone^[10]
[de] (1898–1980), SPD
[de] (1911–1944), KPD
Emilie Schindler (1907–2001), acted alone
Oskar Schindler (1908–1974), acted alone
Bartholomäus (Barthel) Schink (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Friedrich Schlotterbeck (1909–1979), KJD, KPD,
[de] (1901–1976), SPD
Anton Schmid (1900–1942), Wehrmacht
Richard Schmid (1899–1986), counsel, Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (affiliated)
Otto Schmirgal (1900–1944), KPD
[de] (1893–1977), theologian, resistance fighter, Confessing Church
Alexander Schmorell (1917–1943), White Rose
Paul Schneider (1897–1939), pastor, Evangelical Church in Germany
Ernst Schneller (1890–1944), KPD
[de] (1899–1976), Sopade, Neu Beginnen
[de] (d. 1945) KPD
[de] (1924–42), Résistance
Eugen Schönhaar (1898–1934), KPD
[de] (1889–1933), KPD
Hans Scholl (1918–1943), White Rose
Sophie Scholl (1921–1943), White Rose
Roman Karl Scholz (1912–1944), Catholic church
Felice Schragenheim (1922-1942), unknown
[de] (1892–1944), Communist Party Opposition
Karl Schröder (1884–1950), [de]
Friedrich-Werner von der Schulenburg (1875–1944), 20 July plot
Fritz-Dietlof von der Schulenburg (1902–1944), 20 July plot
Eduard Schulte (1891–1966), industrialist, acted alone
[de] (1891–1945), [de]
Josef Schulz (1909?–1941), Wehrmacht (disputed)
[de] (1894–1935), KPD
Eva Schulze-Knabe (1907–1976), KPD
Elisabeth Schumacher (1904–1942) Red Orchestra
Kurt Schumacher (sculptor) (1905–1942) Red Orchestra
Georg Schumann (resistance fighter) (1886–1945), KPD
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky (1897–2000), KPÖ
Adolf Schütz (1926–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Alexander Schwab (1887–1943), [de]
Günther Schwarz (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
Rudolf Schwarz (resistance activist) (1904–1934), KPD
Werner Seelenbinder (1904–1944), KPD
Willi Seng (1909–1944), KPD functionary
Robert Siewert (1887–1973), KPO, Buchenwald Resistance
[de] (1898–1942), KPD
[de] (1894–1955), KPD
Hanna Solf (1884–1954), Solf Circle
Richard Sorge (1895–1944), KPD spy for the Soviet Union
[de] (1911–1944) Confessing Church

Claus von Stauffenberg

Claus von Stauffenberg (1907–1944), 20 July plot
[de] (1902–1942), KPD
Wilhelm Stein (d. 1944), KPD^[1]
Hans Steinbrück (1921–1944), Ehrenfeld Group
[de] (1917–1942), Young Communist League of Germany, Herbert Baum Group
[de] (1896–1934), Rote Hilfe
[de] (1900–1933), KPD
[de] (1897–1958), DDP, [de]
Stefan Szende (1901–1985), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
Carl Szokoll (1915–2004), Wehrmacht, [de]

T[]

Elisabeth von Thadden (1890–1944), Solf Circle
Bruno Tesch (antifascist) (1913–1933), KPD
Ernst Thälmann (1886–1944), KPD
Fritz Theilen, Ehrenfeld Group
Matthias Theisen (1885–1933), KPD, SPD
Paul Thümmel (1902–1945), Abwehr, Czech Resistance
Paul Tillich (1886–1965), Christian Socialist, , Council for a Democratic Germany

U[]

[de] (1890–1968), unionist resistance (DMV)
Robert Uhrig (1903–1944), KPD

V[]

Kurt Vieweg (1911–1976), KPD
Franz Vogt (1899–1940), labour unionist, SPD, Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold

W[]

Maria Wachter (1910-2010), KPD
[de] (1905–1943), SPD
Heinrich Wagner (1886-1945), KPD, Rote Hilfe
Jacob Walcher (1887–1970), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany
[de] (1904–1956), KPD
Eduard Wald (1905–1978),
Orli Wald (1914–1962), Young Communist League of Germany, "Angel of Auschwitz"
Maria von Wedemeyer (1924–1977), Confessing Church
[de] (1889–1945), from SPD- and Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, member of existing resistance group in Zeitz
Armin T. Wegner (1886–1978), author, medic, soldier and human rights activist, acted alone
Herbert Wehner (1906–1990), KPD
Otto Weidt (1883–1947), anarchist resistance
[de] (1909–1944), Rote Hilfe
Friedrich Weißler (1891–1937), Confessing Church
[de] (1884–1940), SPD
[de] (1889–1960), Lutheran pastor
Hans Westermann (1890–1935), Versöhnler, KPD
[de] (1894–1944), European Union (resistance group)
Max Westphal (1895–1942), SPD
[de] (1888-1958), Aktion Rheinland
Albert Willimsky (1890–1940), Catholic church
[de], White Rose
Josef Wirmer (1901–1944), Catholic church,
[de] (1896–1944), artist, acted alone
[de] (1902–1944), Catholic church
[de] (1904–1997), Zionist refugee helper in Berlin
Rosi Wolfstein (1888–1987), Socialist Workers' Party of Germany

Z[]

[de] (1919–2005), Hashomer Hatzair,
Hiltgunt Zassenhaus (1916–2004), wartime translator and interpreter^[11]
Zita Zehner (1900-1978), home economist and radio host
[de] (1910–1981), KPD
[de]^[12] (1895–1969)
[de] (1910–1940), KPD

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o "Männer und Frauen aus dem Hamburger Widerstand" List of Hamburg Resistance fighters executed or who died in custody. (in German)
^ German Resistance Memorial Center Herbert Baum (includes photo).
^ German Resistance Memorial Center Marianne Baum (includes photo).
^ Holzberger, Rudi (2013). Faszination Adelegg, Fluchtpunkt im Allgäu, Erwin Bowien im Kreuzthal. Isny, Germany: Adelegg Verlag. ISBN 978-3-00-042789-3.
^ Zimmermann, Bernard (2000). Erwin Bowien, heures perdues du matin, journal d´un artiste peintre, Alpes Bavaroises, 9.IX.1944-10.V.1945. Paris: L´Harmattan. ISBN 2-7475-0040-3.
^ Bowien, Erwin (1995). Das schöne Spiel zwischen Geist und Welt. Mein Malerleben. Solingen: Bettina Heinen-Ayech and Freundeskreis Erwin Bowien e.V. ISBN 3-88234-101-7.
^ Michael Luick-Thrams, "Part I: Persecution, Flight and Reception of WWII-era Refugees" See: Bunce Court Humboldt University, Berlin. Dissertation: Creating 'New Americans': WWII-Era European Refugees' Formation of American Identities (1997). Retrieved September 29, 2011
^ "Gahr, Johann" Göppinger Stolpersteine website. Retrieved June 16, 2010 (in German)
^ Augsburg Wiki Retrieved February 24, 2016
^ Jenny Bünnig and Kurt Walter, "Stolpersteine in Duisburg" Band II" (PDF) Evangelischer Kirschenkreis Duisburg, Evangelisches Familienbildungswerk (2009), page 15. Retrieved June 21, 2010 (in German)
^ Peter Morley, "Peter Morley - A Life Rewound" Part 4 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine (PDF) British Academy of Film and Television Arts (2010), pp. 237–239. Retrieved September 29, 2011
^ German Resistance Memorial Center Karl Zimmet (includes photo).

External links[]

German Resistance Memorial Center Homepage. Retrieved March 15, 2010

[thaelman-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o "Männer und Frauen aus dem Hamburger Widerstand" List of Hamburg Resistance fighters executed or who died in custody. (in German)

[2] German Resistance Memorial Center Herbert Baum (includes photo).

[3] German Resistance Memorial Center Marianne Baum (includes photo).

[4] Holzberger, Rudi (2013). Faszination Adelegg, Fluchtpunkt im Allgäu, Erwin Bowien im Kreuzthal. Isny, Germany: Adelegg Verlag. ISBN 978-3-00-042789-3.

[5] Zimmermann, Bernard (2000). Erwin Bowien, heures perdues du matin, journal d´un artiste peintre, Alpes Bavaroises, 9.IX.1944-10.V.1945. Paris: L´Harmattan. ISBN 2-7475-0040-3.

[6] Bowien, Erwin (1995). Das schöne Spiel zwischen Geist und Welt. Mein Malerleben. Solingen: Bettina Heinen-Ayech and Freundeskreis Erwin Bowien e.V. ISBN 3-88234-101-7.

[7] Michael Luick-Thrams, "Part I: Persecution, Flight and Reception of WWII-era Refugees" See: Bunce Court Humboldt University, Berlin. Dissertation: Creating 'New Americans': WWII-Era European Refugees' Formation of American Identities (1997). Retrieved September 29, 2011

[8] "Gahr, Johann" Göppinger Stolpersteine website. Retrieved June 16, 2010 (in German)

[9] Augsburg Wiki Retrieved February 24, 2016

[10] Jenny Bünnig and Kurt Walter, "Stolpersteine in Duisburg" Band II" (PDF) Evangelischer Kirschenkreis Duisburg, Evangelisches Familienbildungswerk (2009), page 15. Retrieved June 21, 2010 (in German)

[11] Peter Morley, "Peter Morley - A Life Rewound" Part 4 Archived 2014-02-22 at the Wayback Machine (PDF) British Academy of Film and Television Arts (2010), pp. 237–239. Retrieved September 29, 2011

[12] German Resistance Memorial Center Karl Zimmet (includes photo).

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[9]

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[11]

[12]

List of Germans who resisted Nazism

A[]

B[]

C[]

D[]

E[]

F[]

G[]

H[]

I[]

J[]

K[]

L[]

M[]

N[]

O[]

P[]

R[]

S[]

T[]

U[]

V[]

W[]

Z[]

See also[]

References[]

External links[]