List of Native American firsts

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of Native American firsts. Native American people were the first people to live in the area that is now known as the United States.[1] This is a chronological list of the first accomplishments that Native Americans have achieved both through their tribal identities and also through the culture of the United States over time. It includes individuals and groups of people who are indigenous to contemporary United States. This includes Native Americans in the United States, which includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians.

Contents

16th century: 1500s-1540s • 1550s-1590s
17th century: 1600s-1650s • 1660s-1690s
18th century: 1700s–1750s • 1750s–1790s•
19th century: 1800s • 1810s • 1820s • 1830s • 1840s • 1850s • 1860s • 1870s • 1880s • 1890s
20th century: 1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s
21st century: 2000s • 2010s • 2020s
See also • References • External links

16th century[]

1530s[]

1539

1580s[]

1581

  • The Navajo make first contact with the Spanish.[3]

1587

1590s[]

1595

  • First Native American received as royalty by English royalty: Pocahontas (Powhatan).[5]

17th century[]

1610s[]

1615

  • The Huron people first act as middlemen for French traders and other Native American tribes.[6]

1620s[]

  • First Native American in New England to meet with settlers leading to ratify a peace treaty: Massaoit (Wampanoag).[7]

1630s[]

1638

  • First American Indian reservation established: Quinnipiac Nation.[8]

1660s[]

Eliot Indian Bible page.

1663

1665

1670s[]

1670

1672

  • Native Americans served as first mail couriers between New York City and Albany.[13]

18th century[]

1760s[]

1765

  • First Native American recorded as preaching Christianity to a non-Native audience: Samson Occom (Mohegan).[14]

1770s[]

1772

  • First published literary work by a Native American: A Sermon Preached at the Execution of Moses Paul, an Indian by Samson Occom (Mohegan).[9]

1790s[]

1794

  • First Native American published, written report of other Native American peoples in the English language: A Short Narration of My Last Journey to the Western Country by Hendrick Aupaumut (Mohican).[9]

19th century[]

William McIntosh, Muscogee leader

1810s[]

1812

1820s[]

1821

1822

1825

1827

  • The Cherokee Nation adopts its first modern constitution.[19]

1828

1829

  • First full-length autobiography published by a Native American: A Son of the Forest by William Apess (Pequot).[21]
  • First book published using the Cherokee syllabary: Cherokee Hymn Book printed by Elias Boudinot (Cherokee) and a New England missionary.[22]

1840s[]

Wa-o-wa-wa-na-onk or Peter Wilson

1844

1847

  • First full-length travelog by a Native American: The Life, History, and Travels of Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh by George Copway (Ojibwe).[21]

1850s[]

1854

  • First novel published by a Native American: The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murietta by John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee).[24]
  • First Native American student periodical publication, A Wreath of Cherokee Rose Buds.[25]

1856

1857

  • First Native American editor of non-native publication: John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee) who was the founding editor of the Sacramento Bee.[25]
John Rollin Ridge (Cherokee).

1860s[]

1861

  • First Native American professional track athlete: (Seneca).[28]

1865

  • First person to ride the Chisholm Trail: Jesse Chisholm (Cherokee).[29]

1867

  • First Native American to earn the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army: Ely Samuel Parker (Seneca).[30]

1869

  • First Native American to be awarded the Medal of Honor: Co-Rux-Te-Chod-Ish (Pawnee).[31]
  • First Native American to work as the Commissioner for Indian Affairs: Ely Samuel Parker (Seneca).[32]

1870s[]

1870

  • First Native American elected as a United States Senator: Hiram Rhodes Revels (Lumbee).[33]

1875

  • First independent Cherokee-owned newspaper published: The Indian Progress and owned by Elias C. Boudinot (Cherokee).[34]
    Standing Bear (Ponca)

1878

1879

  • First Native American declared "a person within the meaning of the law" in the United States: Standing Bear (Ponca).[36]

1880s[]

1881

  • First Native American anthropologist: Francis La Flesche (Omaha).[37]

1883

  • First Native American woman to publish a book, Sarah Winnemucca (Northern Paiute), who published Life Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims.[38]

1886

  • First privately owned Chippewa periodical: The Progress founded by and (Chippewa/Ojibwe).[39]

1889

  • First Native American woman to earn a Western medical degree from a Western college: Susan La Flesche (Omaha).[38]
  • First documented Native American U.S. Army nurses: , , , (all Lakota).[40]

1890s[]

1891

  • First novel published by a Native American woman: Wynema: A Child of the Forest by Sophia Alice Callahan (Muscogee).[41]
Susan La Flesche Picotte (Omaha)

1892

  • First Native American elected to the United States House of Representatives: Charles D. Curtis (Kaw/Osage/Potawatomi).[33]

1893

  • First independent periodical published by and for the Osage people: The Wah-sha-she founded by George E. Tinker (Osage).[39]
  • First Native American woman to publish and edit a newspaper: (Choctaw).[39]

1897

  • First Native American to play on a major league baseball team: Louis Sockalexis (Penobscot).[42]

1898

  • First Native American to graduate from Stanford University: John Milton Oskison (Cherokee).[43]

20th century[]

Lewis Tewanima (Hopi)

1900s[]

1903

  • First tribal newspaper published by the White Earth Ojibwe: The Tomahawk.[44]

1908

  • First tribal newspaper published for the Quileute people: The Quileute Independent created by (Quileute).[44]
  • First paniolos to win at the Frontier Days rodeo competition: Ikua Purdy (Native Hawaiian), Archie Ka'au'a (Native Hawaiian), and Jack Low (Native Hawaiian).[45]

1909

  • First Native American film actor: James Young Deer (Nanticoke, 1876–1946).[46]
  • First Native American lawyer to argue a case before the Supreme Court: Lyda Conley (Wyandot).[47]

1910s[]

1910

  • First Native American to graduate from Yale: Henry Roe Cloud (Ho-Chunk).[48]

1911

1912

  • First Native American to win gold medals for the United States in the Olympic Games: Jim Thorpe (Sac & Fox Nation).[50]
  • First American to win an Olympic medal (silver) in the 10,000 meter run: Lewis Tewanima (Hopi).[51]

1913

  • First Native American to attend the United States Naval Academy: Joseph J. Clark (Cherokee).[17]
  • First person documented as having reached the summit of Denali: Walter Harper (Athabascan).[52]
  • First Native American head coach of a college sports team: ().[53][dubious – discuss].

1916

Choctaw Code Talkers in training.

1918

  • First known use of Indigenous Code Talkers as part of a U.S. military effort: Choctaw, Cherokee, and Navajo were all Code Talkers in World War I.[55]

1920s[]

1921

1922

Alice Brown Davis, first woman chief of the Seminole tribe.

1923

1924

  • First Navajo person to earn a law degree: (Navajo).[60]
  • First all-Native American cavalry created in the United States: .[61]
  • First Native American to captain the United States Hockey Team: (Chippewa).[62]
  • First Native American woman elected to a state legislature: Cora Belle Reynolds Anderson (Chippewa).[63]
  • First Alaska Native elected to the Alaskan Territorial Legislature: William L. Paul (Tlingit).[52]
  • First Native American to carry the United States flag at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games: Clarence "Taffy" Abel (Chippewa).[51]

1926

  • First Native American woman to hold state office in Oklahoma: (Chickasaw).[64]
  • First national reform group with only Native American membership: National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) by Zitkala-Sa (Yankton Dakota) and Raymond Bonnin (Yankton Dakota).[65]
Zitkala Sa (Yankton Dakota) in 1898

1927

  • First Native American to earn a degree as a registered nurse: Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail (Crow).[66]

1929

  • First Native American to serve as Vice President of the United States: Charles D. Curtis (Kaw/Osage/Potawatomi).[67]

1930s[]

1930

1932

1935

1939

  • First Native American to win national and international level boxing championships: (Seneca).[71]

1940s[]

1941

  • First Native American commissioned in the American Chaplain Corps: (Comanche).[72]

1942

Dance Magazine July 1961 cover featuring Maria Tallchief (Osage).
  • First Native American to become a major general in the U.S. Air Force: Clarence L. Tinker (Osage).[73]
  • First American to dance with the Paris Opera and receive the title of prima ballerina: Maria Tallchief (Osage).[74]
  • First Native American woman to work for Lockheed, and probably first Native American woman aeronautical engineer: Mary Golda Ross (Cherokee Nation).[75]
  • First Native American commissioned pilot in the United States Navy: (Lumbee).[76]

1943

1944

1945

1949

  • First Hopi to earn the from the Indian Council Fire: Fred Kabotie.[85]

1950s[]

Herbert K Pililaau (Native Hawaiian).

1950

1952

1953

1956

1957

  • First Native American elected to the Idaho State Legislature: (Coeur d'Alene).[64]
  • First radio station to primarily broadcast in Navajo language: KNDN-AM.[88]

1958

  • First Native American to graduate from the United States Air Force Academy: (unknown tribal affiliation).[17]

1959

1960s[]

  • First Native American pharmacist: (Zuni).[90]
Ben Nighthorse Campbell (Northern Chyenne) talks to news crew.

1960

  • First Native American to own an FTD floral shop: (Karuk).[91]

1961

  • First Native American elected to the U.S. Congress from South Dakota: Benjamin Reifel (Lakota).[92]

1962

1963

1964

  • First Native American elected to the New Mexico House of Representatives: (Navajo).[93]
  • First Native American on the United States Olympic Judo Team: Benjamin Nighthorse Campbell (Northern Cheyenne).[62]
  • First Native American to win an Olympic gold medal in the 10,000 meter run: William Mervin "Billy" Mills (Oglala Lakota).[51]
  • First Native American to earn a doctorate in psychology: Marigold Linton, from UCLA (Morongo Band of Mission Indians)[94]

1966

  • First Native American elected as New Mexico state senator: (Navajo).[93]
  • First Native American elected to the Arizona House of Representatives: Lloyd Lynn House (Navajo/Oneida).[93]
  • First Native American man to earn a doctorate in psychology: Arthur McDonald (Oglala Lakota).[68]

1967

  • First ballet written specifically for Native American dancers: which was scored by Louis Ballard (Quapaw/Cherokee).[95]
  • First woman to chair the Seminole Tribe Council: Betty Mae Tiger Jumper (Seminole Tribe of Florida).[89]

1969

1970s[]

1970

  • First broadcast license given to a Native American tribe (Choctaw): .[88]

1971

  • First Native American job corps center founded: The .[98]
  • First Native American elected to the North Dakota state legislature: (Dakota Sioux/Oglala).[99]
  • First Navajo to earn a doctorate in physics: Fred Begay (Navajo).[100]

1972

Article from Osawatomie about the Pine Ridge shootout.
  • First Native American owned and operated non-commercial radio station for Native American listeners: KTDB-FM.[101]
  • First Native American on the United States Women's Table Tennis National Team: Angelita Rosal (Sioux).[28]
  • First non-Japanese sumo wrestler to win the top division championship: Takamiyama Daigorō (Native Hawaiian).[102]
  • First induction ceremony of the American Indian Athletic Hall of Fame.[102]

1974

  • First Alaska Native to win the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race: Carl Huntington (Athabascan).[102]
  • First Native American band to reach the top five on the Billboard Hot 100: Redbone with "Come and Get Your Love" at number 5.[103]

1975

1976

1977

  • First Inuit Circumpoloar Conference takes place.[110]

1978

  • First Native American artist to display their work in China: Joan Hill (Muscogee).[104]
  • First woman to serve as chair of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes: Juanita L. Learned (Cheyenne-Arapaho).[89]
  • First person of Native American descent to earn a fellowship from the National Institute of Mental Health and the American Psychiatric Association: (Eastern Dakota descent).[111]

1980s[]

Wilma Mankiller (Cherokee Nation) and Bill Clinton in 1998

1980

  • First Native American woman nominated for Vice President of the United States in any political party: LaDonna Harris (Comanche).[63]
  • First Native American woman to head the Southwestern Association for Indian Arts (SWAIA): Ramona Sakiestewa (Hopi)[112]

1981

  • First Native American woman to graduate from the United States Naval Academy: (unknown tribal affiliation).[113]
  • First American to direct the Paris Opera ballet: Rosella Hightower (Choctaw Nation).[95]

1982

  • First Native American elected to the Colorado House of Representatives: Benjamin Nighthorse Campbell (Northern Cheyenne).[99]
  • First Native American woman to graduate from the United States Air Force Academy: (Cherokee).[113]
  • First Native American director of Indian Health Services (IHS): (Kiowa).[114]
  • First tribe to open an electric plant: Warm Spring Indians in Oregon.[115]

1983

  • First woman to work as attorney general for the Navajo Nation: Claudeen Bates Arthur (Navajo).[116]
  • First Native American woman to argue a successful case before the Supreme Court of the United States: (Lumbee).[117]
  • First anthology of Native American women's art and literature is published: A Gathering of Spirit: A Collection by North American Women edited by Beth Brant (Mohawk).[96]
  • First television documentary produced by a crew of all-Indigenous people: I'd Rather Be Powwowing, directed by (Kewa Pueblo).[118]
  • First Minnesota Ojibwe Nation woman to become a Western medical doctor: Kathleen Annette (White Earth Ojibwe).[119]

1984

  • First Alaska Native woman to earn a doctorate degree: (Athabascan).[108]
  • First Native American woman to graduate from West Point: (unknown tribal affiliation).[113]

1985

  • First woman to become a Cherokee Nation principal chief: Wilma Mankiller (Cherokee Nation).[120]
  • First Native American to receive the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for race relations: (Hopi).[121]

1986

  • First Native American ordained as Roman Catholic bishop: Donald E. Pelotte (Abenaki).[122]
  • First public recognition of the military service of the Choctaw code talkers.[123]
  • First celebrated during the week of November 23–30.[124]

1987

1988

1989

  • First book of poetry in Navajo is published by Rex Lee Jim (Navajo).[130]
  • First Native American news reporter on national television: Hattie Kauffman (Nez Percé).[131]
  • First Native American in Nevada to become a Western physician: (Shoshone).[132]

1990s[]

1990

1991

  • First Native American to receive the Freeman Tilden Award from the National Park Service and the National Parks and Conservation Association: (Navajo).[134]
  • First Native American state attorney general: Larry Echo Hawk (Pawnee).[99]

1993

  • First play-by-play of an NBA game in a Native language is broadcast in Navajo.[102]

1994

  • First Native American to work as U.S. Marshall in the Justice Department: (Oglala Lakota Sioux).[116]
  • First Navajo woman board certified in surgery: Lori Arviso Alvord (Navajo).[135]

1995

1996

  • First Native American woman elected to the New Mexico House of Representatives: (Navajo).[137]
  • First Native American participant in the Paralympics: Cheri Madsen (Omaha).[138]
Cheri Masden (Omaha) in 2013.

1997

1998

1999

  • First Navajo to earn a doctorate in history: (Navajo).[145]

21st century[]

2000s[]

John Herrington (Chickasaw Nation).

2000

  • First Native American president of the American Public Health Association: (Kewa Pueblo/Ohkay Owingeh).[139]
  • First Native American woman to graduate from Yale University School of Medicine: (Navajo).[146]

2001

2002

2003

  • First tribe to own a professional sports team: The Mohegan Tribe purchases the Connecticut Sun.[147]
  • First Native American woman killed in combat fighting for the United States in war in Asia: Lori Piestewa (Hopi).[123]

2004

  • First woman to serve as president of the tribal council for the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation: Cecelia Fire Thunder (Oglala Lakota).[127]
  • First woman tribal chair of the White Earth Ojibwe: (Ojibwe).[127]
  • First Native American museum established on the Nationa Mall: National Museum of the American Indian.[148]
National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C.

2005

2006

2007

  • First Native American president of the American Library Association: Loriene Roy.[150][151] (White Earth Ojibwe).[152]

2008

2010s[]

2010

2011

2014

2015

2016

2017

  • First Native-American to serve in the Wyoming State Senate: Affie Ellis (Navajo).[159]

2018

2019

Barack Obama and Kimberly Teehee (Cherokee Nation), 2012-04-27 (cropped)
  • First Native American to earn an honorary award from the Academy Awards: Wes Studi (Cherokee Nation).[161]
  • First Native American United States Poet Laureate: Joy Harjo (Mvskoke/Cherokee).[162]
  • First delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Cherokee Nation: Kimberly Teehee (Cherokee Nation).[163]
  • First American nationally distributed children's show to feature an Alaska Native as the lead character: Molly of Denali, premiered in 2019[164]

2020s[]

2020

2021

See also[]

References[]

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  3. ^ "Navajo History". Discover Navajo. Retrieved 2020-09-01.
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  5. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 32.
  6. ^ Champagne & Pare 1995, p. 32.
  7. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 180.
  8. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 181.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 99.
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  12. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 160.
  13. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 34.
  14. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 162.
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  74. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 144.
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  82. ^ Cassens, Anne. "WASP Ola Mildred Rexroat Honored by South Dakota Aviation Association". Wings Across America. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
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  88. ^ Jump up to: a b Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 122.
  89. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hirschfelder & Molin 2012, p. 52.
  90. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 207.
  91. ^ Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 18.
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  93. ^ Jump up to: a b c Swisher & Benally 1998, p. 59.
  94. ^