List of Negro league baseball teams
This list of Negro league baseball teams is based in part on the list maintained by the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum of Kansas City, Missouri, in using the term "Negro leagues" for varying levels of black baseball during racial segregation in the United States. Many of these teams reorganized or relocated which necessitated changing of names and frequently its players, staff and owner.
Teams in bold are considered to have been of major league caliber for at least one season of their existence. Other teams were either a semi-pro, barnstorming or traveling team; a minor league team; or a team that existed after the integration of Major League Baseball (1946) when the talent level declined dramatically.
Alabama[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Birmingham Black Barons | 1920 | 1961 | NSL (1920–23, 26, 31–36) NNL1 (1924–25, 27–30) NAL (1937–38, 40–61) |
|
[1] |
Birmingham Giants | 1907 | 1909 | Independent (1907–09) | [2] | |
Mobile Black Bears | [3] | ||||
Mobile Tigers | [citation needed] | ||||
Montgomery Grey Sox (I) | 1920 | 1921 | NSL (1920) Independent (1921) |
[4] | |
Montgomery Grey Sox (II) | 1931 | 1932 | Independent (1931) NSL (1932) |
[5] |
Arkansas[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Little Rock Grays | 1932 | 1932 | Negro Southern League | [6] | |
[3] |
California[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Los Angeles White Sox | 1946 | 1946 | WCNBL (1946) | [7] | |
Oakland Larks | 1946 | 1946 | WCNBL (1946) | [8] | |
San Diego Tigers | 1946 | 1946 | WCNBL (1946) | [9] | |
San Francisco Sea Lions | 1946 | 1946 | WCNBL (1946) | [10] |
Colorado[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[citation needed] |
Connecticut[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ansonia Cuban Giants | 1891 | 1891 | Connecticut State League | The Ansonia Cuban Giants were an all-black team in an otherwise all-white league | [citation needed] |
Delaware[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wilmington Potomacs (See Washington Potomacs) |
1925 | 1925 | ECL (1925) |
|
[3] |
District of Columbia[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Washington Black Senators | 1938 | 1938 | ECL (1938) |
|
[3] |
Washington Elite Giants (See Baltimore Elite Giants) |
1936 | 1937 | NNL2 (1936–37) | [11] | |
Washington Pilots | 1932 | 1932 | EWL (1932) | [3] | |
Washington Potomacs club
|
1923 | 1925 | Independent (1923) ECL (1924–25) |
[3] | |
Washington Homestead Grays (See Homestead Grays) |
1939 | c. 1950s | NNL2 (1939–48) Independent (1949–c. 50s) |
|
[12] |
Florida[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jacksonville Red Caps club
|
1938 | 1942 | NAL (1938–42) |
|
[13] |
Ethiopian Clowns (See Indianapolis Clowns) |
c. 1930s | 1942 | Independent (c. 1930s–42) |
|
[citation needed] |
Georgia[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlanta Black Crackers (I) club
|
1919 | 1939 | Ind.(19,22–25,28,30–31,33–34,37) NSL(I)(20–21,26–27,29,32,35–36) NAL (1938–39) |
|
[14][15] |
Atlanta Black Crackers (II) | 1943 | 1949 | Independent (1943–44) NSL (II) (1945–47) NAA (1948–49) |
[14] |
Illinois[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chicago American Giants | 1910 | 1952 | Independent (1910–19) NNL1 (1920–31) NSL (1932) NNL2 (1933–35) Independent (1936) NAL (1937–52) |
|
[16] |
Chicago Brown Bombers | 1945 | 1945 | USL (1945) | [17] | |
Chicago Columbia Giants | 1899 | 1900 | Independent (1899–1900) |
|
[18] |
Chicago Giants | 1910 | 1921 | Independent (1910–19) NNL1 (1920–21) |
|
[19] |
Chicago Unions | 1887 | 1900 | Independent (1887–1900) |
|
[20] |
Leland Giants | 1901 | 1909 | Independent (1901–09) |
|
[21][22] |
Indiana[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cole's American Giants (See Chicago American Giants) |
1933 | 1933 | NNL2 (1933) |
|
[16] |
Indianapolis ABCs (I) | c. 1913 | 1926 | Independent (1913–19) NNL1 (1920–26) |
[15] | |
Indianapolis ABCs (II) club
|
1931 | 1933 | NNL1 (1931) NSL (1932) NNL2 (1933) |
|
[15][23] |
Indianapolis ABCs (III) (See St. Louis Stars (III)) |
1938 | 1938 | NAL (1938) | [15][24] | |
Indianapolis ABCs (IV) (See Atlanta Black Crackers (I)) |
1939 | 1939 | NAL (1939) |
|
[15] |
Indianapolis Clowns club
|
c. 1930s | 1962 | Independent (c. 1930s–42) NAL (1943–55) Independent (1956–62) |
[citation needed] | |
Indianapolis Athletics | 1937 | 1937 | NAL (1937) | [3] | |
Indianapolis Crawfords (See Pittsburgh Crawfords) |
1940 | 1940 | NAL (1940) |
|
[25] |
Kansas[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1909 | 1911 | Independent (1909–11) | [26] |
Kentucky[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Louisville Black Caps club
|
1932 | 1932 | NSL (1932) |
|
[3] |
[3] | |||||
Louisville Buckeyes (See Cleveland Buckeyes) |
1949 | 1949 | NAL (1949) | [27] | |
Louisville Fall City | 1887 | 1887 | NCBBL (1887) | [28] | |
Louisville White Sox (1914-1915) | 1914 | 1915 | Independent (1914–15) | [29] | |
Louisville White Sox | 1931 | 1931 | NNL1 (1931) | [3] | |
Zulu Cannibal Giants | 1934 | 1937 | Independent (1934–37) |
|
[20] |
Louisiana[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detroit–New Orleans Stars (See Detroit Stars (IV)) |
1960 | 1961 | NAL (1960–61) |
|
[30] |
Monroe Monarchs | 1920s | 1935 | Negro Southern League (1932) |
|
[31] |
New Orleans Ads | 1920 | 1920 | Negro Southern League (1920) |
|
[32] |
New Orleans Crescent Stars | 1921 | 1937 | Independent (1921–22, 1932–37) | [30] | |
New Orleans Eagles (See Newark Eagles) |
1950 | 1951 | NAL (1950–51) |
|
[33]: 5 |
New Orleans Stars | 1924 | 1924 | Independent (1924) | [34] | |
New Orleans–St. Louis Stars (See St. Louis Stars (III)) |
1940 | 1941 | NAL (1940–41) |
|
[24] |
Maryland[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baltimore Black Sox (I) | 1916 | 1933 | Independent (1916–22) ECL (1923–28) ANL (1929) Independent (1930–31) EWL (1932) NNL2 (1933) |
[35] | |
Baltimore Black Sox (II) | 1934 | 1934 | NNL2 (1934) |
|
[35] |
Baltimore Elite Giants club
|
1919 | 1951 | Independent (1919–29) NNL1 (1930–31) NSL (1932) NNL2 (1933–48) NAL (1949–51) |
|
[11] |
Baltimore Lord Baltimores | 1887 | 1887 | NCBBL (1887) | [36] |
Massachusetts[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boston Resolutes | 1887 | 1887 | NCBBL (1887) | [37] | |
Boston Royal Giants | IL (1906) |
|
[citation needed][38] | ||
Boston Blues | 1946 | 1946 | USL (1946) | [39] |
Michigan[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Detroit Stars (I) | 1919 | 1931 | Independent (1919) NNL1 (1920–31) |
[23] | |
Detroit Stars (II) (See Indianapolis ABCs (II)) |
1933 | 1933 | NNL2 (1933) |
|
[15][23] |
Detroit Stars (III) | 1937 | 1937 | NAL (1937) | [23] | |
Detroit Stars (IV) club
|
1954 | 1961 | NAL (1954–61) | [citation needed] | |
Detroit Wolves | 1932 | 1932 | EWL (1932) |
|
[40] |
Page Fence Giants | 1895 | 1898 | Independent (1895–98) |
|
[41] |
Minnesota[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minneapolis Keystones | |||||
St. Paul Colored Gophers | 1907 | 1911 | Independent (1907–11) |
|
[42] |
[citation needed] |
Missouri[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kansas City Monarchs | 1920 | 1965 | NNL1 (1920–31) Independent (1932–36) NAL (1937–61) Independent (1962–65) |
|
[43] |
St. Louis Stars (I) | 1906 | 1931 | Independent (1906–19) NNL1 (1920–31) |
|
[24] |
St. Louis Stars (II) | 1937 | 1937 | NAL (1937) |
|
[24] |
St. Louis Stars (III) club
|
1938 | 1943 | NAL (1938–41) NNL2 (1943) |
|
[15][24] |
New Jersey[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacharach Giants (I) | 1916 | 1929 | Independent (1916–22) ECL (1923–28) ANL (1929) |
|
[citation needed] |
Cuban Giants | 1885 | c. 1915 | Independent (1885–1906) NA (1907–09) Independent (1910–c. 15) |
|
[44] |
Cuban X-Giants | 1897 | 1907 | Independent (1897–1905) IL (1906) NA (1907) |
|
[45] |
[citation needed] | |||||
Newark Browns | 1932 | 1932 | EWL (1932) | [46] | |
Newark Dodgers | 1933 | 1935 | Independent (1933) NNL2 (1934–35) |
|
[47] |
Newark Eagles club
|
1936 | 1951 | NNL2 (1936–48) NAL (1949–51) |
|
[47] |
Newark Stars | 1926 | 1926 | ECL (1926) | [48] |
New York[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brooklyn Eagles | 1935 | 1935 | NNL2 (1935) |
|
[47] |
Brooklyn Royal Giants | 1905 | 1942 | Independent (1905–06) NA (1907–09) Independent (1910–22) ECL (1923–27) Independent (1928–42) |
|
[49] |
[citation needed] | |||||
Lincoln Giants | 1911 | 1930 | Independent (1911–22) ECL (1923–26) Independent (1927) ECL (1928) ANL (1929) Independent (1930) |
|
[50] |
Lincoln Stars | 1914 | 1917 | Independent (1914–17) |
|
[51] |
New York Black Yankees | 1931 | 1959 | Independent (1931–35) NNL2 (1936–48) Independent (1949–59) |
|
[52] |
New York Cubans | 1935 | 1950 | NNL2 (1935–36) NNL2 (1939–48) NAL (1949–50) |
|
[53] |
Schenectady Mohawk Giants | 1913 | 1914 | Independent (1913–14) | [54] |
Ohio[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akron Black Tyrites | 1933 | 1933 | NNL2 (1933) |
|
[55] |
Dayton Marcos | c. 1910s | c. 1930s | Independent (c. 1910s–19) NNL1 (1920) Independent (1921–25) NNL1 (1926) Independent (1927–c. 30s) |
[56] | |
Toledo Crawfords (See Pittsburgh Crawfords) |
1939 | 1939 | NAL (1939) | [25] | |
1945 | 1945 | USL | [57] | ||
Toledo Tigers | 1923 | 1923 | NNL1 (1923) |
|
[58] |
Cincinnati[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cincinnati Browns | 1887 | 1887 | NCBBL (1887) |
|
[citation needed] |
Cincinnati Buckeyes (See Cleveland Buckeyes) |
1942 | 1942 | NAL (1942) | [27] | |
Cincinnati Clowns (See Indianapolis Clowns) |
1943 | 1945 | NAL (1943–45) |
|
[citation needed] |
Cincinnati Cuban Stars (See Cuban Stars (West)) |
1921 | 1921 | NNL1 (1921) | [citation needed] | |
Cincinnati Tigers | 1934 | 1937 | Independent (1934–36) NAL (1937) |
[59] |
Cleveland[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cleveland Bears (See Jacksonville Red Caps) |
1939 | 1940 | NAL (1939–40) | [13] | |
Cleveland Browns | 1924 | 1924 | NNL1 (1924) | [60] | |
Cleveland Buckeyes club
|
1942 | 1950 | NAL (1942–50) |
|
[27] |
Cleveland Cubs (See Baltimore Elite Giants) |
1931 | 1931 | NNL1 (1931) | [11] | |
Cleveland Elites (1926) Cleveland Hornets (1927) Cleveland Tigers (1928) |
1926 | 1928 | NNL1 (1926–28) |
|
[62] [63] [64] |
Cleveland Giants | 1933 | 1933 | NNL2 (1933) |
|
[65] |
Cleveland Red Sox | 1934 | 1934 | NNL2 (1934) |
|
[66] |
Cleveland Stars | 1932 | 1932 | EWL (1932) |
|
[67] |
Cleveland Tate Stars | 1922 | 1923 | NNL1 (1922-1923) |
|
[68] |
Columbus[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Columbus Blue Birds | 1933 | 1933 | NNL2 (1933) |
|
[70] |
Columbus Buckeyes | 1921 | 1921 | NNL1 (1921) |
|
[71] |
Columbus Elite Giants (See Baltimore Elite Giants) |
1935 | 1935 | NNL2 (1935) | [11] | |
Columbus Turfs (See Louisville Black Caps) |
1932 | 1932 | NSL (1932) |
|
[3] |
Oklahoma[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oklahoma Monarchs | 1910 | 1910 | Independent (1910) | [72] |
Oregon[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Portland Rosebuds | 1946 | 1946 | WCNBL (1946) | [73] |
Pennsylvania[]
Harrisburg[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Harrisburg Giants | 1922 | 1927 | Independent (1922–23) ECL (1924–27) |
[74] | |
[citation needed] | |||||
Harrisburg–St. Louis Stars (See St. Louis Stars (III)) |
1943 | 1943 | NNL2 (1943) |
|
[24] |
Philadelphia[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active Club of Philadelphia | 1800s | [75] | |||
Anchor Giants | early 1900s | [75] | |||
Bacharach Giants (II) | 1931 | 1942 | Independent (1931–33) NNL2 (1934) Independent (1935–42) |
|
[citation needed] |
Hilldale Club | 1916 | 1932 | Independent (1916–22) ECL (1923–28) ANL (1929) Independent (1930–31) EWL (1932) |
|
[76] |
Philadelphia Pythians | 1867 | 1887 | Independent (1867–86) NCBBL (1887) |
[77] | |
Philadelphia Giants | 1902 | 1916 | Independent (1902–05) IL (1906) NA (1907–09) Independent (1910–16) |
[78][79] | |
Philadelphia Stars | 1933 | 1952 | Independent (1933) NNL2 (1934–48) NAL (1949–52) |
[80] | |
Philadelphia Tigers | 1928 | 1928 | ECL (1928) | [81] |
Pittsburgh[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homestead Grays club
|
c. 1912 | c. 1950s | Independent (c. 1912–28) ANL (1929) Independent (1930–31) EWL (1932) Independent (1933–34) NNL2 (1935–48) Independent (1949–c. 50s) |
|
[12] |
Pittsburgh Crawfords club
|
1931 | 1940 | Independent (1931–32) NNL2 (1933–38) NAL (1939–40) |
[25] | |
Pittsburgh Keystones (I) | 1887 | 1887 | NCBBL (1887) | [82] | |
Pittsburgh Keystones (II) | 1921 | 1922 | NNL1 (1921–22) | [83] |
Tennessee[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chattanooga Black Lookouts | 1920 | 1927 | NSL (1920, 1926–27) |
|
[84] |
Chattanooga Choo-Choos | 1940 | 1946 | NSL (1940–46) | [citation needed] | |
Knoxville Giants | 1920 | 1932 | NSL (1920–22, 1931–32) |
|
[85] |
Memphis Red Sox | 1923 | 1962 | Independent (1923) NNL1 (1924–25, 27–30) NSL (1926, 31–36) NAL (1937–62) |
[86] | |
Nashville Elite Giants (See Baltimore Elite Giants) |
1919 | 1934 | Independent (1919–29) NNL1 (1930) NSL (1932) NNL2 (1933–34) |
|
[11] |
Texas[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austin Black Senators | [citation needed] | ||||
[citation needed] | |||||
Houston Eagles (See Newark Eagles) |
1949 | 1950 | NAL (1949–50) |
|
[47][87] |
San Antonio Black Bronchos | 1908 | 1909 | Independent (1908–09) | [88] | |
[citation needed] |
Washington[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seattle Steelheads | 1946 | 1946 | WCNBL (1946) | [89] |
Wisconsin[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milwaukee Bears | 1923 | 1923 | NNL1 (1923) |
|
[90] |
Traveling teams[]
Team | 1st Yr | Last Yr | Affiliation(s) | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All Cubans | 1899 | 1905 | Independent |
|
[citation needed] |
All Nations | 1912 | 1925 | Independent |
|
[citation needed] |
|
[citation needed] | ||||
Colored House of David | [citation needed] | ||||
Cuban Stars (East) club
|
1916 | c. 1934 | Independent (1916–22) ECL (1923–28) ANL (1929) Independent (1930–c. 34) |
|
[citation needed] |
Cuban Stars (West) club
|
1906 | 1932 | IL (1906) NA (1907–09) Independent (1910–19) NNL1 (1920–30) Independent (1931) EWL (1932) |
|
[citation needed] |
Ethiopian Clowns (See Indianapolis Clowns) |
c. 1930s | 1942 | Independent (c. 1930s–42) |
|
[citation needed] |
Mineola Black Spiders | c. 1932 | c. 1937 | Independent |
|
[citation needed] |
New York Gorhams | 1886 | 1892 | Independent (1886) NCBBL (1887) Independent (1888–92) |
|
[91] |
Secret Nine | 1931 | 1931 | Independent |
|
[34] |
Tennessee Rats | c. 1911 | c. 1926 | Independent |
|
[citation needed] |
References[]
- ^ "Birmingham Black Barons". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Birmingham Giants". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k "Negro league teams". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ "Montgomery Grey Sox". Negro League Baseball Players Association. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ "Montgomery, Alabama Negro League City Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
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- ^ "1946 Oakland Larks". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ "1946 San Diego Tigers". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ "1946 San Francisco Sea Lions". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
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- ^ Jump up to: a b "Homestead Grays". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Jacksonville Red Caps". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Atlanta Black Crackers". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-02-17.
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- ^ "1926 Cleveland Elites". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ "1927 Cleveland Hornets". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Cleveland Tigers". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Cleveland Giants". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
- ^ "1934 Cleveland Red Sox". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ "1932 Cleveland Stars". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ "1922 Cleveland Tate Stars". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ "1923 Cleveland Tate Stars". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2014-05-29.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Columbus Blue Birds". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Columbus Buckeyes". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Oklahoma Monarchs". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ "1946 Portland Rosebuds". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
- ^ "Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Negro League City Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Loverro, Thom. The Encyclopedia of Negro League Baseball. New York:Facts on File, Inc., 2003. ISBN 0-8160-4430-9.
- ^ "Hilldale Daisies". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
- ^ "1887 Philadelphia Pythians". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
- ^ "Philadelphia Giants". Negro League Baseball Players Association. Retrieved 2013-03-29.
- ^ "1906 Philadelphia Giants". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-10.
- ^ "Philadelphia Stars". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Philadelphia Tigers". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
- ^ "1887 Pittsburgh Keystones". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Pittsburgh Keystones". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
- ^ "Chattanooga Black Lookouts". Negro League Baseball Players Association. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ The Negro Southern League: A Baseball History, 1920-1951, By William J. Plott (2015) p, 9. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-7544-5
- ^ "Memphis Red Sox". Negro Leagues Baseball Museum. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
- ^ "Houston, Texas Negro League City Encyclopedia". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-18.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "San Antonio Black Bronchos". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
- ^ "Seattle Steelheads". Negro League Baseball Players Association. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
- ^ Gary Ashwill (ed.). "Milwaukee Bears". Negro leagues database (Seamheads.com). Gary Ashwill. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
- ^ "1887 New York Gorhams". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
External links[]
- Leagues & Teams at the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
- The Negro League Teams at the Negro League Baseball Players Association
- Negro Leagues Database at Seamheads.com
- Negro League Team Encyclopedia at Baseball-Reference.com
Categories:
- Baseball in the United States lists
- Negro league baseball
- Negro league baseball teams