List of Pakistan Movement activists

A subset of Founding Fathers of Pakistan met in Lahore in 1940 to discuss the idea of Pakistan.

The Founders and activists of the Pakistan Movement, also known as Founding Fathers of Pakistan (Urdu:بانيڹ پاكستان; Romanization lit.:bəŋɨaɪaɪ-e-Pəkɨstəŋ), were the political leaders and statespersons who participated in the success of the political movement, following the signing of the Pakistan Resolution, that led the establishment and creation of the independent Pakistan on August 1947.^[1] Within this large group, a further and extended subset signed the Objective Resolution that was annexed to the Constitution of Pakistan in 1950.^[2]

The term was first used by the linguist and archeologist Dr. Ahmad Hasan Dani's book, the Founding Fathers of Pakistan (1998), which popularized the term in literary activities of the country.^[3] The Pakistan Movement was led by a large group of activists and statesmen who played crucial role in the politics of the British Indian Empire in 1930s and 1940s.^[3] More recently, the term was used by the government officially in explaining the foreign policy text.^[4] Authors and historians of Pakistan more broadly define the term "Founding Fathers" to mean a larger group which also includes all those who, whether as politicians, jurists, statesperson, soldiers, diplomats, academicians, or ordinary citizens, took part in winning the independence of four provinces in the north-west region of British India from the control of the United Kingdom and also from the influence of the Indian Congress;^[1]^[5]^[6]^[7] this creating Pakistan.^[1]

The following is a list of people who played a prominent role in making of Pakistan as independence activists, leaders, freedom fighters and revolutionaries.

Historical background[]

All-India Muslim League's convention held in 1938.

In 1905, the Bengal presidency's partition was decided by the English government which separated the largely Muslim eastern areas from the largely Hindu western areas was supported by the Muslims communities.^[8] The success of the Swadeshi movement led by Indian activists led the reintegrating the presidency and it was a catalyst in making the Muslims reformers of India realize the need for a separate homeland.^[8]

During the same year, the political efforts and initiations led by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan led the establishment of the historic All-India Muslim League (AIML) to protect the interests and rights of the Muslim regions in the subcontinent.^[9] Mutual distrust among the Hindu leaders and Muslim reformers further grew.^[10] A conference held as well as chaired by Indian Viceroy, Early Minto, the Hindu-Muslim conflict was raised to the constitutional plane.^[10] In 1906, an annual meeting of Muhammadan Educational Conference was held by Nawab Vikar-ul-Mulk, Syed Ahmad Khan, and 3,000 other delegates attended the session making it the largest-ever representative gathering of Muslim India.^[11] Muslim cleric Ali Johar wrote All-India Muslim League's first agenda and Syed Ameer Ali established its European branch in the United Kingdom.^[11]

For some quiet time, the Muslim League worked on its reputation and credibility against the much influential Indian Congress. It was not until when Liaquat Ali Khan and his companion Shrene Pant convinced Muhammad Ali Jinnah and among others to join the Muslim League in 1930s. The philosophical idea, Pakistan (Iqbal, 1930); the 14 points (Jinnah, 1929); the Now or Never (Ali, 1933); the Two-nation theory which was subsequently contributed and worked by many activists and leaders played a crucial role in gaining the creation of Pakistan in 1947.^[12]

The newly founded country of Pakistan had to create a government and legislature to replace the British India government and the British Parliament.^[13] The founding fathers of Pakistan first established the partial Constituent Assembly (which was replaced with Parliament), and adopted the Objectives Resolution was annexed to the Constitution of Pakistan.^[13]

Occupations and finances[]

The founders and activists as well had different occupations and practiced a wide range of high and middle-status occupations, and many pursued more than one career simultaneously. However, the more influential founding fathers were trained and professional barristers and lawyers.^{[citation needed]} Notable activist, Sir Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed, was a mathematician who helped forming in the first educational policy of the country.^{[citation needed]} Ra'ana Ali Khan was an economist; and Abu Bakr Ahmad, a political scientist; M.M. Sharif, a philosopher; and Shaukat Hyatt Khan, an officer in the British Army, are the quiet few notable personalities who played an integrated role in the movement.^{[citation needed]}

List of Founders of Pakistan[]

Listed Founders of Pakistan
Name (Birth and date)	Place of representation and origin	Pre-independence and Post-independence notability
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876–1948)	Karachi, Sindh	Founder of Pakistan First Governor-General of Pakistan First President-Speaker of the Constituent Assembly Presiding figure of the Muslim League
Allama Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1939)	Sialkot, Punjab	Presented and conceived the idea of Pakistan Formalize the Two-Nation Theory Philosopher and Poet of Urdu language
Aga Khan III (1877–1957)	Karachi, Sindh	Key presiding figure of the Muslim League Led the Ismailism movement in support of Pakistan movement.
Liaquat Ali Khan (1895–1951)	Karnal, Punjab	First Prime Minister of Pakistan Author of Objectives Resolution
Fatima Jinnah (1893–1967)	Karachi, Sindh	Regarded as Māder-e-Pakistan Woman activist Younger sister of Muhammad Ali Jinnah Leader of the Opposition during 1965 elections
Sir Muhammad Zafarullah Khan (1893–1985)	Daska, Punjab	Author of the Lahore Resolution and chief negotiator of Radcliffe line The main Representative of the Pakistan Movement in the International community First Minister of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan
Fazlul Huq (1873–1962)	Barisal, Bengal	Ascended as Interior Minister of Pakistan Governor of East Pakistan
Khawaja Nazimuddin (1894–1964)	Dhaka, Bengal	First Bengali leader of Pakistan Second Prime Minister of Pakistan Second Governor-General of Pakistan
Naseer Ahmad Malhi (1911–1991)	Sialkot, Punjab	First Minister of Education
Rahmat Ali (1897–1951)	Balachaur, Punjab	Coined and created "Pakstan" Author of Now or Never
Bahadur Yar Jung (1905–1944)	Hyderabad, Hyderabad Deccan
Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan (1895–1963)	Jhelum, Punjab	Leader of Pakistan Movement, close companion of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, minister and diplomat
Muhammad Arif Khan Rajbana Sial (1913–2010)	Jhang, Punjab	Key presiding figure of the Muslim League. Member All-India Constituent Assembly. Chief Party Whip.
G. M. Syed (1904–1995)	Karachi, Sindh	Key presiding figure of the Muslim League Rallied Sindh's support for Pakistan movement
Abdur Rab Nishtar (1899–1958)	Peshawar, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa	Governor of Punjab First Minister of communications
Huseyn Suhrawardy (1892–1963)	Dhaka, Bengal	First Prime Minister of Pakistan of Pakistan Enforcer of One Unit
Mohammad Ali Jouhar (1878–1931)	Rampur, Uttar Pradesh	Muslim cleric and leader of Khilafat Movement Key presiding figure of the Muslim League
Shaukat Ali (1873–1939)	Rampur, Uttar Pradesh	Muslim cleric and leader of Khilafat Movement Key presiding figure of the Muslim League
Jalal-ud-din Jalal Baba (1901–1981)	Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	Founder of Hazara Muslim League Senior Muslim Leaguer and winner of referendum in NWFP
Zafar Ali Khan (1873–1956)	Wazirabad, Punjab	and Poet of Urdu language
Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi (1909–1970)	Wazirabad, Punjab	Orator, Spiritual Leader of Pakistan Movement
Ra'ana Ali Khan (1905–1990)	Almora, United Provinces	First Lady of Pakistan Governor of Sindh Initiated Women military corps Widely known as Māder-e-Pakistan"
Jogendra Nath Mandal (1904–1968)	Barisal, Bengal	First Law Minister of Pakistan
Victor Turner (1892–1974)	London United Kingdom	Founded Federal Board of Revenue First Finance Secretary of Pakistan Founder of Pakistan Civil Services
Syed Amir-uddin Kedwaii (1901–1973)	Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh	Designed the Pakistani Flag
Khaliq-uz-Zaman (1889–1963)	Rampur, Uttar Pradesh	Presiding figure of the Muslim League
Jahanara Shahnawaz (1896–1979)	Lahore, Punjab	Crucial role in women legislature after the independence.

Notable activists[]

The activities and constant public gathering of founding fathers of Pakistan attracted the people of North-West India to be politically active in the movement. Many of the activists would later becoming the future leader of the country.

Listed activists of Pakistan
Name (Birth and date)	Place of representation and origin	Pre-independence and Post-independence notability
Shireen Jinnah (1891–1980)	Karachi, Sindh	Sister of Jinnah
Muhammad Asad (1900–1992)	Lemberg, Austria-Hungary	Honorary figure in Pakistan
Sartaj Aziz (1929–)	Mardan, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa	National Security Adviser (2013–Present) Played key role in the political events in Pakistan, including that of nuclear tests in 1998 Professor of Economics at various universities of Pakistan.
Rafiq Tarar	Gujranwala, Punjab	9th President of Pakistan (1997–2001)
Mir Hazar Khoso	Jaffarabad, Balochistan	Acting Prime Minister of Pakistan (25 March 2013 – 4 June 2013)
Nurul Amin (1893–1974)	Shahbazpur, Bengal	Prime Minister of Pakistan (7–20 December 1971) Only Vice-President of Pakistan
Alvin Robert Cornelius (1903–1991)	Agra	Chief Justice of Pakistan (1960–1968)
Pir Gohar (1931–2013)	Mardan, KP	Poet and critic (19xx–2013)

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Cohen, Stephen P. (2004). The idea of Pakistan (1. paperback ed.). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815715021.
^ Akhtar, PAF, Air Marshal Masood (28 October 2011). "Six Suggested Founding Fathers' Vision Documents for Pakistan... II". Pakistan Tribune. 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Dani, edited by Ahmad Hasan (1998). Founding fathers of Pakistan. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693508300.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
^ Staff editors. "Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA). Retrieved 30 January 2014.
^ Hasnat, Syed Farooq (2011). Pakistan. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-34697-2.
^ Chitkara, M.G. (1996). Nuclear Pakistan. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. ISBN 8170247675.
^ Pande, Aparna (2008). Explaining Pakistan: Escaping India. New Delhi India: Routledge. ISBN 1136818944.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Administrators; et al. (1 June 2003). "Partition of Bengal". Nazaria-e-Pakistan. Story of Pakistan (Pre-Independence, part-I). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
^ Abdul Rashid Kahn, "All India Muhammadan Educational Conference and the Foundation of the All India Muslim League," Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society (2007) Vol. 55 Issue 1/2, pp 65–83.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b staff.; et al. (1 June 2003). "Simla Deputation". Nazaria-e-Pakistan. Nazaria-e-Pakistan (Story of Pakistan, Simla Deputation). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Staff. "Establishment of All India Muslim League". Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust (AIML). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
^ Staff. "The Struggle for Independence". Nazaria-Pakistan Trust (Independence timeline). Retrieved 1 February 2014.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "The Constituent Assembly". Nazaria Pakistan, (Post-Independence, part I). 1 January 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2014.

[Brookings_Institution_Press-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Cohen, Stephen P. (2004). The idea of Pakistan (1. paperback ed.). Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 0815715021.

[Pakistan_Tribune._2011-2] Akhtar, PAF, Air Marshal Masood (28 October 2011). "Six Suggested Founding Fathers' Vision Documents for Pakistan... II". Pakistan Tribune. 2011. Retrieved 31 January 2014.

[Sang-e-Meel_Publications-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b Dani, edited by Ahmad Hasan (1998). Founding fathers of Pakistan. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693508300.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)

[Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(MoFA)-4] Staff editors. "Guiding Principles of Pakistan's Foreign Policy". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA). Retrieved 30 January 2014.

[Praeger-5] Hasnat, Syed Farooq (2011). Pakistan. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-34697-2.

[A.P.H._Pub._Corp.-6] Chitkara, M.G. (1996). Nuclear Pakistan. New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. Corp. ISBN 8170247675.

[Routledge-7] Pande, Aparna (2008). Explaining Pakistan: Escaping India. New Delhi India: Routledge. ISBN 1136818944.

[Story_of_Pakistan_(Pre-Independence,_part-I)-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b Administrators; et al. (1 June 2003). "Partition of Bengal". Nazaria-e-Pakistan. Story of Pakistan (Pre-Independence, part-I). Retrieved 1 February 2014.

[9] Abdul Rashid Kahn, "All India Muhammadan Educational Conference and the Foundation of the All India Muslim League," Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society (2007) Vol. 55 Issue 1/2, pp 65–83.

[Nazaria-e-Pakistan_(Story_of_Pakistan,_Simla_Deputation)-10] Jump up to: ^a ^b staff.; et al. (1 June 2003). "Simla Deputation". Nazaria-e-Pakistan. Nazaria-e-Pakistan (Story of Pakistan, Simla Deputation). Retrieved 1 February 2014.

[Nazaria-e-Pakistan_Trust_(AIML)-11] Jump up to: ^a ^b Staff. "Establishment of All India Muslim League". Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust (AIML). Retrieved 1 February 2014.

[Nazaria-Pakistan_Trust_(Independence_timeline)-12] Staff. "The Struggle for Independence". Nazaria-Pakistan Trust (Independence timeline). Retrieved 1 February 2014.

[Nazaria_Pakistan,_(Post-Independence,_part_I)-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b "The Constituent Assembly". Nazaria Pakistan, (Post-Independence, part I). 1 January 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2014.

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show v t Pakistan Movement
History of Pakistan (timeline: 1947–present)
History	East India Company Indian Rebellion of 1857 Deobandi Movement Barelvi Movement Aligarh Movement Urdu movement Partition of Bengal Lucknow Pact Khilafat Movement Shuddhi movement Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Allahabad Address Now or Never pamphlet World War II Two nation theory Round Table Conferences Lahore Resolution Direct Action Day Muslim nationalism in South Asia Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Radcliffe Line Durand Line Objectives Resolution Independence Republic Day Kashmir conflict National symbols Constitution of Pakistan British heritage
Organisations	Muslim League Punjab Branch Bengal Branch Unionist Student Federations Khaksars Renaissance Society Philosophical Congress Dawn Daily War
Leaders	Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Aga Khan III Nawab Salimullah Syed Ameer Ali Mohammad Ali Jauhar Maulana Shaukat Ali Hakim Ajmal Khan Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad Ali Jinnah Fatima Jinnah Liaquat Ali Khan Mian Muhammad Shafi Mian Abdul Rashid Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh Mohsin-ul-Mulk Bahadur Yar Jung Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq Abdul Qayyum Khan Abdur Rab Nishtar Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman Choudhary Rahmat Ali A. K. Fazlul Huq G. M. Syed Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan Jafar Khan Jamali Ghulam Bhik Nairang Hasrat Mohani Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Jogendra Nath Mandal K. H. Khurshid Khawaja Nazimuddin Mahmud Hussain Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan Muhammad Zafarullah Khan Qazi Mohammad Isa Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan Ashraf Ali Thanwi Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Sikandar Hayat Khan Zafar Ali Khan more
Activists	Hamid Nizami Abdullah Haroon Yusuf Haroon Mahmoud Haroon Altaf Husain Adamjee Haji Dawood Mufti Muhammad Shafi Zafar Ahmad Usmani Ahmed Ali Lahori Malik Barkat Ali Yusuf Khattak Mian Iftikharuddin Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot Shaukat Hayat Khan Muhammad Asad Ziauddin Ahmad Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem Maulana Ghulam Rasool Mehr Hakeem Mohammad Saeed Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan Muhammad Ibrahim Khan Fida Mohammad Khan Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir M. M. Sharif Jalaludin Abdur Rahim Z. A. Suleri G. Allana Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi Jalal Baba of NWFP Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari Amin ul-Hasanat Syed Wajid Ali Hafeez Jalandhari Jahanara Shahnawaz Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh Fatima Begum Naseer Ahmad Malhi Ahmed Saeed Nagi Niaz Ali Khan Habib Rahimtoola Sharif al Mujahid Fatima Sughra Begum more
Literature	Idea of Pakistan Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan A Short History of Pakistan Pakistan: A Personal History The Myth of Independence Pakistan: A Hard Country Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever? Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857
Architecture	Minar-e-Pakistan Bab-e-Pakistan Pakistan Monument Mazar-e-Quaid Ziarat Residency Iqbal's Tom' Wazir Mansion National Library Deena Public Hall Bab-e-Khyber Jinnah Terminal
In Memory	Youm-e-Pakistan (23 March) Youm-e-Dastur (10 April) Youm-e-Takbir (28 May) Youm-e-Azadi (14 August) Youm-e-Difah (6 September) Youm-e-Tasees (24 October) Youm-e-Iqbal (9 November) Youm-e-Viladat (25 December)