List of administrators of the French protectorate of Annam
Resident-Superior of Annam | |
---|---|
Résident supérieur de l'Annam (French) Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ (Vietnamese) 欽使中圻 (Hán tự) | |
![]() The seal of the Resident-Superior of the French protectorate of Annam. | |
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Reports to | Governor-General of French Indochina |
Seat | Huế |
Precursor | Resident-General of Annam and Tonkin |
Formation | 8 April 1886 |
First holder | |
Final holder | (as High Commissioner in Vietnam) |
The position of Resident-Superior of Annam (French: Résident supérieur de l'Annam; Vietnamese: Khâm sứ Trung Kỳ; Hán tự: 欽使中圻) was established on 8 April 1886 as a successor to the Resident-General of Annam and Tonkin (résident général de l'Annam et du Tonkin) when it was decided to have one French resident for the French protectorate of Annam and a separate one for Tonkin.[1] Although the Emperors of the Nguyễn dynasty were still nominally in control of the protectorates of Annam and Tonkin, the Resident-Superior of Annam gradually gained more influence over the imperial court in Huế.[1] In 1897 the Resident-Superior was granted the power to appoint the Nguyễn dynasty Emperors and presided over the meetings of the Viện cơ mật.[1] These moves incorporated French officials directly into the administrative structure of the Imperial Huế Court and further legitimised French rule in the legislative branch of the Nguyễn government.[1] From this period onwards any imperial edicts issued by the Emperors of Đại Nam had to be confirmed by the Resident-Suoerior of Annam giving him both legislative and executive power over the Nguyễn government.[1]
In the year 1898 the federal government of French Indochina took over the financial and property management duties of the Nguyễn dynasty's imperial court meaning that the Nguyễn dynasty Emperor (at the time Thành Thái) became a salaried employee of the Indochinese colonial structure, reducing their power to being only a civil servant of the Protectorate government.[1] The Resident-Superior of Annam also took over the management of provincial mandarins and was a member of the Supreme Council (Conseil supérieur) of the Government-General of French Indochina.[1]
List[]
List of administrators of the French protectorate of Annam
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|
French Suzerainty | ||
8 April 1886 to 1888 | , Resident-Superior | In Huế; the city became permanent administrative seat |
1888 to 1889 | , Acting Resident-Superior | 1st time |
May 1889 | , Acting Resident-Superior | |
10 May 1889 to 27 October 1891 | , Resident-Superior | 2nd time |
27 October 1891 to 11 April 1894 | , Resident-Superior | 1st time |
11 April 1894 to 27 November 1894 | , Acting Resident-Superior | 1st time |
28 November 1894 to 26 April 1895 | , Acting Resident-Superior | |
27 April 1895 to 1 January 1897 | , Resident-Superior | 2nd time |
1 February 1897 to 7 March 1898 | , Acting Resident-Superior | 1st time |
7 March 1898 to 1900 | , Resident-Superior | 2nd time |
22 February 1900 to 1902 | , Acting Resident-Superior | 2nd time, acting to 9 May 1901 |
1902 to 1903 | , Acting Resident-Superior | |
1903 to August 1904 | , Resident-Superior | 3rd time |
1904 to 1906 | , Interim Resident-Superior | |
1906 to July 1908 | Ernest Fernand Lévecque, Resident-Superior | |
July 1908 to 1910 | , Resident-Superior | |
1910 to 1 January 1912 | , Resident-Superior | |
1 January 1912 to 15 May 1913 | , Resident-Superior | |
16 May 1913 to 16 May 1916 | , Resident-Superior | 1st time, acting to 17 May 1914 |
16 May 1916 to 27 January 1917 | , Interim Resident-Superior | |
27 January 1917 to May 1919 | , Resident-Superior | 2nd time |
8 May 1919 to 5 May 1921 | , Interim Resident-Superior | |
5 May 1921 to 1927 | , Resident-Superior | |
20 May 1922 to 11 September 1922 | , Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Pasquier |
13 January 1924 to 28 September 1924 | , Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Pasquier |
4 October 1926 to 13 February 1927 | , Interim Resident-Superior | |
13 February 1927 to 1929 | , Resident-Superior | |
5 January 1929 to 1931 | , Resident-Superior | |
23 May 1929 to 28 February 1930 | Pierre Charles Edmond Jabouille, Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Le Fol |
11 June 1931 to 25 February 1933 | , Resident-Superior | Acting to 21 November 1931 |
25 February 1933 to 27 June 1934 | , Interim Resident-Superior | |
27 July 1934 to June 1941 | , Resident-Superior | |
15 May 1936 to 16 April 1937 | , Acting Resident-Superior | Acting for Graffeuil |
18 June 1941 to August 1944 | , Resident-Superior | |
23 August 1944 to 9 March 1945 | , Resident-General | Japanese prisoner 9 March 1945 - 23 August 1945 |
Japanese Suzerainty | ||
March 1945 to August 1945 | , Supreme Adviser | |
French Suzerainty | ||
24 August 1945 to 1947 | , Commissioner | |
1947 | , Acting Commissioner | |
20 May 1947 to 1949 | , Interim Commissioner | |
8 August 1949 to 22 August 1949 | , Acting Commissioner | |
22 August 1949 to 1951 | Général , Commissioner | |
1951 to 27 April 1953 | , Commissioner | |
27 April 1953 to 1954? | , High Commissioner in Vietnam |
See also[]
References[]
External links[]
- Vietnam history-related lists
- Lists of French colonial governors and administrators
- France–Vietnam relations