List of birds of Germany

This is a list of the bird species recorded in Germany. The avifauna of Germany include a total of 531 confirmed species as of March 2021, according to Club 300, a German birdwatching association.^[1] One species, greater rhea, has been added from another source. Of the 532 species, 216 are rare or accidental and 15 have been introduced by humans. Two species have been extirpated and none are endemic.

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2021 edition.^[2] The German names in parentheses are from Club 300.

The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence; the tags are from Bird Checklists of the World.^[3]

• (A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Germany
• (I) Introduced - a species introduced to Germany as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions, and has become established

Rheas[]

Order: Rheiformes   Family: Rheidae

The rheas are large flightless birds native to South America. Their feet have three toes rather than four which allows them to run faster.

• Greater rhea, Rhea americana (I) (see note)^{[note 1][4]}

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl[]

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.

Pheasants, grouse, and allies[]

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds which consists of quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls, and jungle fowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.

• Common quail (Wachtel), Coturnix coturnix
• Rock partridge (Steinhuhn), Alectoris graeca (A)
• Red-legged partridge (Rothuhn), Alectoris rufa (extirpated)
• Ring-necked pheasant (Fasan), Phasianus colchicus (I)
• Gray partridge (Rebhuhn), Perdix perdix
• Western capercaillie (Auerhuhn), Tetrao urogallus
• Black grouse (Birkhuhn), Lyrurus tetrix
• Hazel grouse (Haselhuhn), Tetrastes bonasia
• Rock ptarmigan (Alpenschneehuhn), Lagopus muta

Flamingos[]

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (91 to 152 cm) high, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

• Greater flamingo (Rosaflamingo), Phoenicopterus roseus (A)

Grebes[]

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.

• Little grebe (Zwergtaucher), Tachybaptus ruficollis
• Pied-billed grebe (Bindentaucher), Podilymbus podiceps (A)
• Horned grebe (Ohrentaucher), Podiceps auritus
• Red-necked grebe (Rothalstaucher), Podiceps grisegena
• Great crested grebe (Haubentaucher), Podiceps cristatus
• Eared grebe (Schwarzhalstaucher), Podiceps nigricollis

Pigeons and doves[]

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

• Rock pigeon (Felsentaube), Columba livia (I)
• Stock dove (Hohltaube), Columba oenas
• Common wood-pigeon (Ringeltaube), Columba palumbus
• European turtle-dove (Turteltaube), Streptopelia turtur
• Oriental turtle-dove (Orientturteltaube), Streptopelia orientalis (A)
• Eurasian collared-dove (Türkentaube), Streptopelia decaocto
• Mourning dove (Carolinataube), Zenaida macroura (A)

Sandgrouse[]

Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon-like, heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

• Pallas's sandgrouse (Steppenflughuhn), Syrrhaptes paradoxus (A)
• Black-bellied sandgrouse (Sandflughuhn), Pterocles orientalis (A)

Bustards[]

Order: Otidiformes   Family: Otididae

Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.

• Great bustard (Großtrappe), Otis tarda
• Macqueen's bustard (Steppenkragentrappe), Chlamydotis macqueenii (A)
• Little bustard (Zwergtrappe), Tetrax tetrax (A)

Cuckoos[]

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners, and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails, and strong legs.

• Great spotted cuckoo (Häherkuckuck), Clamator glandarius (A)
• Black-billed cuckoo (Schwarzschnabelkuckuck), Coccyzus erythropthalmus (A)
• Common cuckoo (Kuckuck), Cuculus canorus

Nightjars and allies[]

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs, and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.

• Eurasian nightjar (Ziegenmelker), Caprimulgus europaeus
• Egyptian nightjar (Pharaonenziegenmelker), Caprimulgus aegyptius (A)

Swifts[]

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

• Alpine swift (Alpensegler), Apus melba
• Common swift (Mauersegler), Apus apus
• Pallid swift (Fahlsegler), Apus pallidus (A)
• Pacific swift (Pazifiksegler), Apus pacificus (A)
• Little swift (Haussegler), Apus affinis (A)

Rails, gallinules, and coots[]

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots, and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps, or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

• Water rail (Wasserralle), Rallus aquaticus
• Corn crake (Wachtelkönig), Crex crex
• Spotted crake (Tüpfelsumpfhuhn), Porzana porzana
• Eurasian moorhen (Teichhuhn), Gallinula chloropus
• Eurasian coot (Blässhuhn), Fulica atra
• Allen's gallinule (Bronzesultanshuhn), Porphyrio alleni (A)
• Western swamphen (Purpurhuhn), Porphyrio porphyrio (A)
• Gray-headed swamphen ( Graukopf-Purpurhuhn), Porphyrio poliocephalus (A)
• Little crake (KleinesSumpfhuhn), Zapornia parva
• Baillon's crake (Zwergsumpfhuhn), Zapornia pusilla

Cranes[]

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged, and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

• Demoiselle crane (Jungfernkranich), Anthropoides virgo (A)
• Sandhill crane (Kanadakranich), Antigone canadensis (A)
• Common crane (Kranich), Grus grus

Thick-knees[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes, and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

• Eurasian thick-knee (Triel), Burhinus oedicnemus

Stilts and avocets[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

• Black-winged stilt (Stelzenläufer), Himantopus himantopus
• Pied avocet (Säbelschnäbler), Recurvirostra avosetta

Oystercatchers[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

• Eurasian oystercatcher (Austernfischer), Haematopus ostralegus

Plovers and lapwings[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

• Black-bellied plover (Kiebitzregenpfeifer), Pluvialis squatarola
• European golden-plover (Goldregenpfeifer), Pluvialis apricaria
• American golden-plover (Amerik.Goldregenpfeifer), Pluvialis dominica (A)
• Pacific golden-plover (PazifischerGoldregenpfeifer), Pluvialis fulva (A)
• Northern lapwing (Kiebitz), Vanellus vanellus
• Sociable lapwing (Steppenkiebitz), Vanellus gregarius (A)
• White-tailed lapwing (Weißschwanzkiebitz), Vanellus leucurus (A)
• Lesser sand-plover (Mongolenregenpfeifer), Charadrius mongolus (A)
• Greater sand-plover (Wüstenregenpfeifer), Charadrius leschenaultii (A)
• Caspian plover (Wermutregenpfeifer), Charadrius asiaticus (A)
• Kentish plover (Seeregenpfeifer), Charadrius alexandrinus
• Common ringed plover (Sandregenpfeifer), Charadrius hiaticula
• Little ringed plover (Flussregenpfeifer), Charadrius dubius
• Eurasian dotterel (Mornellregenpfeifer), Charadrius morinellus

Sandpipers and allies[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers, and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Pratincoles and coursers[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings, and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings, and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.

• Cream-colored courser (Rennvogel), Cursorius cursor (A)
• Collared pratincole (Rotflügel-Brachschwalbe), Glareola pratincola (A)
• Black-winged pratincole (Schwarzflügel-Brachschwalbe), Glareola nordmanni (A)

Skuas and jaegers[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.

• Great skua (Skua), Stercorarius skua
• Pomarine jaeger (Spatelraubmöwe), Stercorarius pomarinus (A)
• Parasitic jaeger (Schmarotzerraubmöwe), Stercorarius parasiticus
• Long-tailed jaeger (Falkenraubmöwe), Stercorarius longicaudus

Auks, murres, and puffins[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture, and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

• Dovekie (Krabbentaucher), Alle alle
• Common murre (Trottellumme), Uria aalge
• Thick-billed murre (Dickschnabellumme), Uria lomvia (A)
• Razorbill (Tordalk), Alca torda
• Black guillemot (Gryllteiste), Cepphus grylle
• Atlantic puffin (Papageitaucher), Fratercula arctica

Gulls, terns, and skimmers[]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.

Loons[]

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.

• Red-throated loon (Sterntaucher), Gavia stellata
• Arctic loon (Prachttaucher), Gavia arctica
• Common loon (Eistaucher), Gavia immer
• Yellow-billed loon (Gelbschnabeltaucher), Gavia adamsii (A)

Albatrosses[]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are among the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

• Black-browed albatross (Schwarzbrauenalbatros), Thalassarche melanophris (A)

Southern storm-petrels[]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

• Wilson's storm-petrel (Buntfuß-Sturmschwalbe), Oceanites oceanicus (A)

Northern storm-petrels[]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

• European storm-petrel (Sturmschwalbe), Hydrobates pelagicus (A)
• Leach's storm-petrel (Wellenläufer), Hydrobates leucorhous (A)
• Swinhoe's storm-petrel (Swinhoewellenläufer), Hydrobates monorhis (A)
• Band-rumped storm-petrel (Madeirawellenläufer), Hydrobates castro (A)

Shearwaters and petrels[]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

• Northern fulmar (Eissturmvogel), Fulmarus glacialis
• Bulwer's petrel (Bulwersturmvogel), Bulweria bulwerii (A)
• Cory's shearwater (Gelbschnabel-Sturmtaucher), Calonectris borealis (A)
• Great shearwater (GroßerSturmtaucher), Ardenna gravis (A)
• Sooty shearwater (DunklerSturmtaucher), Ardenna griseus (A)
• Manx shearwater (Schwarzschnabel-Sturmtaucher), Puffinus puffinus (A)
• Balearic shearwater (Balearensturmtaucher), Puffinus mauretanicus (A)
• Barolo shearwater (Barolosturmtaucher), Puffinus baroli (A)

Storks[]

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.

• Black stork (Schwarzstorch), Ciconia nigra
• White stork (Weißstorch), Ciconia ciconia

Boobies and gannets[]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

• Brown booby (Weißbauchtölpel), Sula leucogaster (A)
• Northern gannet (Basstölpel), Morus bassanus (A)

Cormorants and shags[]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white, and a few being colourful.

• Pygmy cormorant (Zwergscharbe), Microcarbo pygmeus (A)
• Great cormorant (Kormoran), Phalacrocorax carbo
• European shag (Krähenscharbe), Gulosus aristotelis (A)

Pelicans[]

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. They have webbed feet with four toes.

• Great white pelican (Rosapelikan), Pelecanus onocrotalus (A)
• Dalmatian pelican (Krauskopfpelikan), Pelecanus crispus (A)

Herons, egrets, and bitterns[]

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises, and spoonbills.

• Great bittern (Rohrdommel), Botaurus stellaris
• Little bittern (Zwergdommel), Ixobrychus minutus
• Gray heron (Graureiher), Ardea cinerea
• Purple heron (Purpurreiher), Ardea purpurea
• Great egret (Silberreiher), Ardea alba
• Little egret (Seidenreiher), Egretta garzetta
• Snowy egret (Schmuckreiher), Egretta thula (A)
• Cattle egret (Kuhreiher), Bubulcus ibis (A)
• Squacco heron (Rallenreiher), Ardeola ralloides (A)
• Black-crowned night-heron (Nachtreiher), Nycticorax nycticorax

Ibises and spoonbills[]

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.

• Glossy ibis (Sichler), Plegadis falcinellus (A)
• African sacred ibis (HeiligerIbis), Threskiornis aethiopicus (I)
• Eurasian spoonbill (Löffler), Platalea leucorodia

Osprey[]

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.

• Osprey (Fischadler), Pandion haliaetus

Hawks, eagles, and kites[]

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers, and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons, and keen eyesight.

Barn-owls[]

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

• Barn owl (Schleiereule), Tyto alba

Owls[]

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

• Eurasian scops-owl (Zwergohreule), Otus scops (A)
• Eurasian eagle-owl (Uhu), Bubo bubo
• Snowy owl (Schnee-Eule), Bubo scandiacus (A)
• Northern hawk owl (Sperbereule), Surnia ulula (A)
• Eurasian pygmy-owl (Sperlingskauz), Glaucidium passerinum
• Little owl (Steinkauz), Athene noctua
• Tawny owl (Waldkauz), Strix aluco
• Ural owl (Habichtskauz), Strix uralensis
• Long-eared owl (Waldohreule), Asio otus
• Short-eared owl (Sumpfohreule), Asio flammeus
• Boreal owl (Raufußkauz), Aegolius funereus

Hoopoes[]

Order: Bucerotiformes   Family: Upupidae

Hoopoes have black, white, and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.

• Eurasian hoopoe (Wiedehopf), Upupa epops

Kingfishers[]

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs, and stubby tails.

• Common kingfisher (Eisvogel), Alcedo atthis

Bee-eaters[]

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds found mostly in Africa, but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies, and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

• Blue-cheeked bee-eater (Blauwangenspint), Merops persicus (A)
• European bee-eater (Bienenfresser), Merops apiaster

Rollers[]

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Coraciidae

Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.

• European roller (Blauracke), Coracias garrulus (A)

Woodpeckers[]

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails, and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

• Eurasian wryneck (Wendehals), Jynx torquilla
• Eurasian three-toed woodpecker (Dreizehenspecht), Picoides tridactylus
• Middle spotted woodpecker (Mittelspecht), Dendrocoptes medius
• White-backed woodpecker (Weißrückenspecht), Dendrocopos leucotos
• Great spotted woodpecker (Buntspecht), Dendrocopos major
• Syrian woodpecker (Blutspecht), Dendrocopos syriacus (A)
• Lesser spotted woodpecker (Kleinspecht), Dryobates minor
• Eurasian green woodpecker (Grünspecht), Picus viridis
• Gray-headed woodpecker (Grauspecht), Picus canus
• Black woodpecker (Schwarzspecht), Dryocopus martius

Falcons and caracaras[]

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles, and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

• Lesser kestrel (Rötelfalke), Falco naumanni (A)
• Eurasian kestrel (Turmfalke), Falco tinnunculus
• Red-footed falcon (Rotfußfalke), Falco vespertinus (A)
• Eleonora's falcon (Eleonorenfalke), Falco eleonorae (A)
• Merlin (Merlin), Falco columbarius
• Eurasian hobby (Baumfalke), Falco subbuteo
• Saker falcon (Würgfalke), Falco cherrug (A)
• Gyrfalcon (Gerfalke), Falco rusticolus (A)
• Peregrine falcon (Wanderfalke), Falco peregrinus

Old World parrots[]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

• Alexandrine parakeet (GroßerAlexandersittich), Psittacula eupatria (I)
• Rose-ringed parakeet (Halsbandsittich), Psittacula krameri (I)

New World and African parrots[]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittacidae

Most of the more than 150 species in this family, including those of genus Amazona, are found in the New World.

• Yellow-headed parrot (Gelbkopfamazone), Amazona oratrix (I)

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in colour and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

• Yellow-throated vireo (Gelbkehlvireo), Vireo flavifrons (A)
• Red-eyed vireo (Rotaugenvireo), Vireo olivaceus (A)

Old World orioles[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oriolidae

The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.

• Eurasian golden oriole (Pirol), Oriolus oriolus

Shrikes[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

• Red-backed shrike (Neuntöter), Lanius collurio
• Red-tailed shrike (Turkestanwürger), Lanius phoenicuroides
• Isabelline shrike (Isabellwürger), Lanius isabellinus (A)
• Brown shrike (Braunwürger), Lanius cristatus (A)
• Great gray shrike (Raubwürger), Lanius excubitor
• Lesser gray shrike (Schwarzstirnwürger), Lanius minor (A)
• Woodchat shrike (Rotkopfwürger), Lanius senator

Crows, jays, and magpies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers, and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

• Eurasian jay (Eichelhäher), Garrulus glandarius
• Eurasian magpie (Elster), Pica pica
• Eurasian nutcracker (Tannenhäher), Nucifraga caryocatactes
• Red-billed chough (Alpenkrähe), Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax (A)
• Yellow-billed chough (Alpendohle), Pyrrhocorax graculus
• Eurasian jackdaw (Dohle), Corvus monedula
• Rook (Saatkrähe), Corvus frugilegus
• Carrion crow (Rabenkrähe), Corvus corone
• Hooded crow (Nebelkrähe), Corvus cornix
• Common raven (Kolkrabe), Corvus corax

Tits, chickadees, and titmice[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

• Coal tit (Tannenmeise), Periparus ater (A)
• Crested tit (Haubenmeise), Lophophanes cristatus
• Marsh tit (Sumpfmeise), Poecile palustris
• Willow tit (Weidenmeise), Poecile montana
• Eurasian blue tit (Blaumeise), Cyanistes caeruleus
• Azure tit (Lasurmeise), Cyanistes cyanus
• Great tit (Kohlmeise), Parus major

Penduline-tits[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.

• Eurasian penduline-tit (Beutelmeise), Remiz pendulinus

Larks[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

• Horned lark (Ohrenlerche), Eremophila alpestris
• Greater short-toed lark (Kurzzehenlerche), Calandrella brachydactyla (A)
• Calandra lark (Kalanderlerche), Melanocorypha calandra (A)
• Black lark (Mohrenlerche), Melanocorypha yeltoniensis (A)
• Wood lark (Heidelerche), Lullula arborea
• White-winged lark (Weißflügellerche), Alauda leucoptera (A)
• Eurasian skylark (Feldlerche), Alauda arvensis
• Crested lark (Haubenlerche), Galerida cristata

Bearded reedling[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Panuridae

This species, the only one in its family, is found in reed beds throughout temperate Europe and Asia.

• Bearded reedling (Bartmeise), Panurus biarmicus

Cisticolas and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cisticolidae

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.

• Zitting cisticola (Cistensänger), Cisticola juncidis (A)

Reed warblers and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

• Booted warbler (Buschspötter), Iduna caligata (A)
• Sykes's warbler (Steppenspötter), Iduna rama (A)
• Eastern olivaceous warbler (Blassspötter), Iduna pallida (A)
• Melodious warbler (Orpheusspötter), Hippolais polyglotta
• Icterine warbler (Gelbspötter), Hippolais icterina
• Aquatic warbler (Seggenrohrsänger), Acrocephalus paludicola
• Moustached warbler (Mariskenrohrsänger), Acrocephalus melanopogon (A)
• Sedge warbler (Schilfrohrsänger), Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
• Paddyfield warbler (Feldrohrsänger), Acrocephalus agricola (A)
• Blyth's reed warbler (Buschrohrsänger), Acrocephalus dumetorum (A)
• Marsh warbler (Sumpfrohrsänger), Acrocephalus palustris
• Eurasian reed warbler (Teichrohrsänger), Acrocephalus scirpaceus
• Great reed warbler ( Drosselrohrsänger), Acrocephalus arundinaceus

Grassbirds and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

• Pallas's grasshopper warbler (Streifenschwirl), Helopsaltes certhiola (A)
• Lanceolated warbler (Strichelschwirl), Locustella lanceolata (A)
• River warbler (Schlagschwirl), Locustella fluviatilis
• Savi's warbler (Rohrschwirl), Locustella luscinioides
• Common grasshopper-warbler (Feldschwirl), Locustella naevia

Swallows[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings, and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

• Bank swallow (Uferschwalbe), Riparia riparia
• Eurasian crag-martin (Felsenschwalbe), Ptyonoprogne rupestris
• Barn swallow (Rauchschwalbe), Hirundo rustica
• Red-rumped swallow (Rötelschwalbe), Cecropis daurica (A)
• Common house-martin (Mehlschwalbe), Delichon urbica

Leaf warblers[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.

• Wood warbler (Waldlaubsänger), Phylloscopus sibilatrix
• Western Bonelli's warbler (Berglaubsänger), Phylloscopus bonelli (A)
• Yellow-browed warbler (Gelbbrauen-Laubsänger), Phylloscopus inornatus (A)
• Hume's warbler (Tienshanlaubsänger), Phylloscopus humei (A)
• Pallas's leaf warbler (Goldhähnchen-Laubsänger), Phylloscopus proregulus (A)
• Radde's warbler (Bartlaubsänger), Phylloscopus schwarzi (A)
• Dusky warbler (Dunkellaubsänger), Phylloscopus fuscatus (A)
• Willow warbler (Fitis), Phylloscopus trochilus
• Common chiffchaff (Zilpzalp), Phylloscopus collybita
• Iberian chiffchaff (IberischerZilpzalp), Phylloscopus ibericus (A)
• Eastern crowned warbler (Kronenlaubsänger), Phylloscopus coronatus (A)
• Green warbler (Wacholderlaubsänger), Phylloscopus nitidus (A)
• Greenish warbler (Grünlaubsänger), Phylloscopus trochiloides
• Two-barred warbler (Middendorff-Laubsänger), Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus (A)
• Arctic warbler (Wanderlaubsänger), Phylloscopus borealis (A)

Bush warblers and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cettiidae

The members of this family are found mostly in Africa and Asia with a few species in Europe and Polynesia.

• Cetti's warbler (Seidensänger), Cettia cetti (A)

Long-tailed tits[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae

Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.

• Long-tailed tit (Schwanzmeise), Aegithalos caudatus

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous birds. As another common name (Old World warblers) implies, they mainly occur as breeding species in Europe, Asia, and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

• Eurasian blackcap (Mönchsgrasmücke), Sylvia atricapilla
• Garden warbler (Gartengrasmücke), Sylvia borin
• Asian desert warbler (Wüstengrasmücke), Curruca nana (A)
• Barred warbler (Sperbergrasmücke), Curruca nisoria
• Lesser whitethroat (Klappergrasmücke), Curruca curruca
• Western Orphean warbler (WestlicheOrpheusgrasmücke), Curruca hortensis (A)
• Eastern subalpine warbler (Weißbart-Grasmücke), Curruca cantillans (A)
• Moltoni's warbler (Moltonigrasmücke), Curruca subalpina (A)
• Sardinian warbler (Samtkopf-Grasmücke), Curruca melanocephala (A)
• Greater whitethroat (Dorngrasmücke), Curruca communis
• Spectacled warbler (Brillengrasmücke), Curruca conspicillata (A)
• Dartford warbler (Provencegrasmücke), Curruca undata (A)

Kinglets[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets and "crests" are a small family of birds which resemble some warblers. They are very small insectivorous birds in the single genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.

• Goldcrest (Wintergoldhähnchen), Regulus regulus
• Common firecrest (Sommergoldhähnchen), Regulus ignicapillus

Wallcreeper[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tichodromidae

The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family which has stunning crimson, grey, and black plumage.

• Wallcreeper (Mauerläufer), Tichodroma muraria

Nuthatches[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet.

• Eurasian nuthatch (Kleiber), Sitta europaea

Treecreepers[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

• Eurasian treecreeper (Waldbaumläufer), Certhia familiaris
• Short-toed treecreeper (Gartenbaumläufer), Certhia brachydactyla

Wrens[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

• Eurasian wren (Zaunkönig), Troglodytes troglodytes

Dippers[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe, and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.

• White-throated dipper (Wasseramsel), Cinclus cinclus

Starlings[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Their plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.

• Rosy starling (Rosenstar), Pastor roseus (A)
• European starling (Star), Sturnus vulgaris

Mockingbirds and thrashers[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds that includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalizations, especially their ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. Their colouring tends towards dull-greys and browns.

• Gray catbird (Katzenvogel), Dumetella carolinensis (A)

Thrushes and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Old World flycatchers[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

Old World flycatchers are a large group of birds which are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Waxwings[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

• Bohemian waxwing (Seidenschwanz), Bombycilla garrulus

Accentors[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are the only bird family which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.

• Alpine accentor (Alpenbraunelle), Prunella collaris
• Siberian accentor (Bergbraunelle), Prunella montanella (A)
• Black-throated accentor (Schwarzkehlbraunelle), Prunella atrogularis (A)
• Dunnock (Heckenbraunelle), Prunella modularis

Old World sparrows[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

• House sparrow (Haussperling), Passer domesticus
• Eurasian tree sparrow (Feldsperling), Passer montanus
• Rock sparrow (Steinsperling), Petronia petronia (A)
• White-winged snowfinch (Schneesperling), Montifringilla nivalis

Wagtails and pipits[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws, and pipits. They are slender ground-feeding insectivores of open country.

• Gray wagtail (Gebirgsstelze), Motacilla cinerea
• Western yellow wagtail (Schafstelze), Motacilla flava
• Citrine wagtail (Zitronenstelze), Motacilla citreola (A)
• White wagtail (Bachstelze), Motacilla alba
• Richard's pipit (Spornpieper), Anthus richardi (A)
• Blyth's pipit (Steppenpieper), Anthus godlewskii (A)
• Tawny pipit (Brachpieper), Anthus campestris
• Meadow pipit (Wiesenpieper), Anthus pratensis
• Tree pipit (Baumpieper), Anthus trivialis
• Olive-backed pipit (Waldpieper), Anthus hodgsoni (A)
• Pechora pipit (Petschorapieper), Anthus gustavi (A)
• Red-throated pipit (Rotkehlpieper), Anthus cervinus
• Water pipit (Bergpieper), Anthus spinoletta
• Rock pipit (Strandpieper), Anthus petrosus
• American pipit (Pazifikpieper), Anthus rubescens (A)

Finches, euphonias, and allies[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Longspurs and snow buntings[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a family of birds that had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

• Lapland longspur (Spornammer), Calcarius lapponicus
• Snow bunting (Schneeammer), Plectrophenax nivalis

Old World buntings[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.

New World warblers[]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The New World warblers are a group of small, often colourful, passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.

• Northern parula (Meisenwaldsänger), Setophaga americana (A)
• Black-throated green warbler (Grünwaldsänger), Setophaga virens (A)

Notes[]

References[]

See also[]

• List of birds
• Lists of birds by region