List of butterflies of Australia

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Cairns birdwing (Ornithoptera euphorion): Australia's largest endemic butterfly

Australia has more than 400 species of butterfly, the majority of which are continental species, and more than a dozen endemic species from remote islands administered by various Australian territorial governments. The largest butterflies in the world are endemic to the Australasian realm. They are the birdwings—Ornithoptera and other genera—of the tribe Troidini of the swallowtail butterfly family, Papilionidae.[1]

Papilionidae: swallowtails[]

Family: Papilionidae (swallowtails) — 18+2 species [*2 non-continental species]

Papilioninae[]

Four-barred swordtail
Blue triangle
Orchard swallowtail
Ulysses swallowtail
Cairns birdwing
subfamily: Papilioninae
tribe: Leptocircini (formerly Graphiini)
genus: Protographium
  • Four-barred swordtail, Protographium leosthenes (Doubleday, 1846)[2] — pictured
P. l. leosthenes (Doubleday, 1846)[2]
P. l. geimbia (Tindale, 1927)[3]
genus: Graphium (swordtails)
  • Five-barred or chain swordtail, Graphium aristeus (Stoll, 1780)[4]
  • Macleay's swordtail, Graphium macleayanus (Leach, 1814)[5]
G. m. macleayanus (Leach, 1814)[5]
G. m. moggana (Couchman, 1965)[6]
  • Blue triangle, Graphium sarpedon (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] — pictured
  • Pale triangle, Graphium eurypylus (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
G. e. lycaon (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
G. e. nyctimus (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
G. e. lycanoides (Rothschild, 1895)[10]
  • Green triangle, Graphium macfarlanei (Butler, 1877)[11]
  • Green-spotted triangle, Graphium agamemnon (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
tribe: Papilionini (fluted swallowtails)
genus: Papilio (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
  • Dainty swallowtail, Papilio anactus (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
  • Orchard swallowtail, Papilio aegeus (Donovan, 1805)[13] — pictured
P. a. aegeus (Donovan, 1805)[13]
P. a. ormenus (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)[14]
P. f. canopus (Westwood, 1842)[17]
P. f. capaneus (Westwood, 1843)[18]
P. f. indicatus (Butler, 1876)[19]
  • Ulysses swallowtail, Papilio ulysses (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] — pictured
  • Chequered swallowtail, Papilio demoleus (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
  • *Christmas swallowtail, Papilio memnon (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] [*native to Christmas Island]
  • *Norfolk swallowtail, Papilio amynthor (Boisduval, 1859)[20] [*native to Norfolk Island]
tribe: Troidini (Aristolochia-eating swallowtails)
genus: Cressida
  • Clearwing swallowtail, Cressida cressida (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
C. c. cressida (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
genus: Ornithoptera (birdwings)
  • Richmond birdwing, Ornithoptera richmondia (Gray, 1853)[22]
  • Cairns birdwing, Ornithoptera euphorion (Gray, 1853)[22] — pictured
  • New Guinea or common green birdwing, Ornithoptera priamus (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
O. p. poseidon (Doubleday, 1847)[2][23]
O. p. pronomus (Gray, 1853)[22]
O. p. macalpinei (Moulds, 1974)[24]
genus: Pachliopta
  • Red-bodied swallowtail, Pachliopta polydorus (Linnaeus, 1763)[25]

Pieridae: whites and yellows[]

Black-spotted white
White albatross
Small cabbage white
Caper white
Scarlet Jezebel
Red-banded Jezebel

family: Pieridae (whites and yellows) — 35+2+1 species [†1 introduced species]

Pierinae: whites[]

subfamily: Pierinae (whites)
tribe: Elodinini
genus: Elodina (pearl-whites)
  • Southern pearl-white, Elodina angulipennis (H. Lucas, 1852)[26]
  • Cape York pearl-white, (de Baar & Hancock, 1993)[27]
  • Narrow-winged pearl-white, Elodina padusa (Hewitson, 1853)[28]
  • Striated pearl-white, Elodina parthia (Hewitson, 1853)[28]
  • Delicate pearl-white, Elodina perdita (Miskin, 1889)[29]
  • Glistening pearl-white, (de Baar & Hancock, 1993)[27]
  • Small pearl-white, (Butler, 1898)[30]
tribe: Leptosiaini
genus: Leptosia
  • Black-spotted white, Leptosia nina (Fabricius, 1793)[31] — pictured right
tribe: Pierini
genus: Appias (albatrosses)
  • Orange albatross, Appias ada (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
A. a. caria (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • White or common albatross, Appias albina (Boisduval, 1836)[32] — pictured right
A. a. albina (Boisduval, 1836)[32]
  • Blue albatross, (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
  • Grey albatross, Appias melania (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Yellow albatross, Appias paulina (Cramer, 1777)[4]
A. p. ega (Boisduval, 1836)[32]
  • Striped albatross, Appias olferna (Swinhoe, 1890)[33]
genus: Pieris
  • †Small cabbage white, Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] [†introduced species] — pictured right
genus: Belenois (formerly Anaphaeis)
  • Caper white, Belenois java — pictured right
B. j. peristhene (Boisduval, 1859)[20]
B. j. teutonia (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
genus: Cepora
  • Caper gull, Cepora perimale (Donovan, 1805)[13]
C. p. scyllara (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
genus: Delias (Jezebels)
  • Spotted Jezebel, Delias aganippe (Donovan, 1805)[13]
  • Scarlet Jezebel, Delias argenthona (Fabricius, 1793)[31] — pictured right
D. a. argenthona (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
D. a. inferna (Butler, 1871)[34]
  • Yellow-banded Jezebel, Delias ennia (Wallace, 1867)[35]
D. e. nigidius (Miskin, 1884)[36]
D. e. tindalii (Joicey & Talbot, 1926)[37]
  • Imperial Jezebel, Delias harpalyce (Donovan, 1805)[13]
  • Red-banded Jezebel, Delias mysis (Fabricius, 1775)[21] — pictured right
D. m. mysis (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
D. m. aestiva (Butler, 1897)[38]
D. m. onca (Fruhstorfer, 1910)[39]
  • Black Jezebel, Delias nigrina (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Yellow-spotted Jezebel, Delias nysa (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
D. n. nysa (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
D. n. nivira (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]

Coliadinae: yellows[]

Lemon migrant
No-brand grass-yellow
Large grass-yellow
subfamily: Coliadinae (yellows)
genus: Catopsilia (migrants or emigrants)
  • White migrant, Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
C. p. crokera (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
  • Lemon migrant, Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775)[21] — pictured right
  • Orange migrant, Catopsilia scylla (Linnaeus, 1764)[7]
C. s. etesia (Hewitson, 1867)[40]
  • Yellow migrant, (Boisduval, 1836)[32]
C. g. gorgophone (Boisduval, 1836)[32]
genus: Eurema (grass-yellows)
  • No-brand grass-yellow, Eurema brigitta (Stoll, 1780)[4] — pictured right
E. b. australis (Wallace, 1867)[35]
E. b. zoraide (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
  • Lined grass-yellow, Eurema laeta (Boisduval, 1836)
E. l. sana (Butler, 1877)[11]
  • Pink grass-yellow, Eurema herla (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
  • Small grass-yellow, Eurema smilax (Donovan, 1805)[13]
E. s. smilax (Donovan, 1805)[13]
  • Broad-margined grass-yellow, (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
E. p. papuan (Butler, 1898)[30]
E. p. virgo (Wallace, 1867)[35]
  • Scalloped grass-yellow, Eurema alitha (C. & R. Felder, 1832)[41]
  • Large grass-yellow, Eurema hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] — pictured right
E. h. hecabe (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
E. h. phoebus (Butler, 1886)[42]
  • *Three-spot grass yellow, Eurema blanda (Boisduval, 1836)[32] [*native to Christmas and Darnley Islands]

Riodinidae: metalmarks[]

Harlequin metalmark

family: Riodinidae (metalmarks) — 1 species

Nemeobiinae[]

subfamily: Nemeobiinae
genus:
P. s. punctaria (Fruhstorfer, 1914)[44]

Lycaenidae: gossamer-winged blues and coppers[]

family: Lycaenidae (gossamer-winged blues and coppers) — 142+7 species

Miletinae: harvesters[]

Moth butterfly
subfamily: Miletinae (harvesters)
tribe: Liphyrini
genus: Liphyra
  • Moth butterfly, Liphyra brassolis (Westwood, 1864)[45] — pictured right
L. b. major (Rothschild, 1898)[46]

Theclinae: hairstreaks[]

Purple copper
Illidge's ant blue
Grey ant-blue
Yellow jewel
Mangrove jewel
Turquoise jewel
Narcissus jewel
subfamily: Theclinae (hairstreaks)
tribe: Luciini
genus: Lucia
  • Chequered copper, Lucia limbaria (Swainson, 1833)[47]
genus: Paralucia
  • Bright copper, Paralucia aurifera (Blanchard, 1848)[48]
  • Fiery copper, Paralucia pyrodiscus (Doubleday, 1847)[23]
P. p. lucida (Crosby, 1951)[49]
  • Purple or Bathurst copper, Paralucia spinifera (Edwards & Common, 1978)[50] — pictured right
genus: Pseudodipsas
  • Bright forest-blue, (Hewitson, 1874)[51]
  • Dark forest-blue, (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[52]
P. e. iole (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Acrodipsas (ant-blues)
  • Black-veined ant-blue, Acrodipsas arcana (Miller & Edwards, 1978)[53]
  • Golden ant-blue, Acrodipsas aurata (Sands, 1997)[54]
  • Bronze ant-blue, Acrodipsas brisbanensis (Miskin, 1884)[36]
  • Copper ant-blue, Acrodipsas cuprea (Sands, 1965)[55]
  • Decima ant-blue, Acrodipsas decima Miller and Lane, 2004
  • Black ant-blue, Acrodipsas hirtipes (Sands, 1980)[56]
  • Mangrove or Illidge's ant-blue, Acrodipsas illidgei (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9] — pictured right
  • Grey ant-blue, Acrodipsas melania (Sands, 1980)[56] — pictured right
  • Brown ant-blue, Acrodipsas mortoni (Sands, Miller & Kerr, 1997)[57]
  • Small ant-blue, Acrodipsas myrmecophila (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1913)[58]
genus: Hypochrysops (jewels)
  • Copper jewel, (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
H. a. apelles (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Apollo jewel, (Miskin, 1891)[59]
H. a. apollo (Miskin, 1891)[59]
H. a. phoebus (Waterhouse, 1928)[60]
  • Yellow jewel, Hypochrysops byzos (Boisduval, 1832)[15] — pictured right
  • Splendid jewel, (Grose-Smith, 1900)[61]
  • Cyane jewel, (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Moonlight jewel, Hypochrysops delicia (Hewitson, 1875)[62]
H. d. delicia (Hewitson, 1875)[62]
H. d. duaringae (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Silky jewel, (Hewitson, 1874)[51]
  • Amethyst jewel, (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1909)[64]
H. e. elgneri (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1909)[64]
H. e. barnardi (Waterhouse, 1934)[65]
  • Mangrove jewel, Hypochrysops epicurus (Miskin, 1876)[66] — pictured right
  • Turquoise jewel, Hypochrysops halyaetus (Hewitson, 1874)[51] — pictured right
  • Paradise jewel, (Hewitson, 1874)[51]
H. h. nebulosis (Sands, 1986)[67]
  • Fiery jewel, (Leach, 1814)[5]
H. i. ignita (Leach, 1814)[5]
H. i. chrysonotus (Grose-Smith, 1899)[68]
H. i. erythina (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
H. i. oliffi (Miskin, 1889)[5]
  • Coral jewel, (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
H. m. miskini (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Narcissus jewel, Hypochrysops narcissus (Fabricius, 1775)[21] — pictured right
H. n. narcissus (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
H. n. sabirus (Fruhstorfer, 1908)[69]
  • Bulloak jewel, (Kerr, Macqueen & Sands, 1969)[70]
  • Royal jewel, (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
H. p. rovena (Druce, 1891)[71]
  • Peacock jewel, (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
H. p. euclides (Miskin, 1889)[29]
  • Green-banded jewel, (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
H. t. medocus (Fruhstorfer, 1908)[69]
H. t. cretatus (Sands, 1986)[67]
genus: Philiris (moonbeams)
  • Azure moonbeam, (Wind & Clench, 1947)[72]
  • Large moonbeam, (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
P. d. diana (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
P. d. papuanus (Wind & Clench, 1947)[72]
  • Bicolour moonbeam, Philiris fulgens (Grose, Smith & Kirby, 1897)[73]
P. f. kurandae (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Purple moonbeam, (Miskin, 1874)[74]
  • Blue moonbeam, (Grose-Smith, 1898)[75]
P. n. nitens (Grose-Smith, 1898)[75]
P. n. lucina (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Sapphire moonbeam, (Sands, 1980)[56]
  • White-margined moonbeam, Philiris ziska (Grose-Smith, 1898)[75]
tribe: Arhopalini
genus: Arhopala (oak-blues)
A. m. amphis (Waterhouse, 1942)[77]
A. w. wildei (Miskin, 1891)[59]
tribe:
genus: Ogyris (azures)
  • Dark purple azure, Ogyris abrota (Westwood, 1851)[78]
  • Sapphire azure, (Waterhouse, 1902)[79]
  • Satin azure, Ogyris amaryllis (Hewitson, 1862)[80]
  • Bright purple azure, (Miskin, 1890)[76]
  • Southern purple azure, Ogyris genoveva (Hewitson, 1853)[28]
  • Golden azure, Ogyris ianthis (Waterhouse, 1900)[81]
  • Large bronze azure, Ogyris idmo (Hewitson, 1862)[80]
  • Orange-tipped azure, (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Broad-margined azure, Ogyris olane (Hewitson, 1862)[80]
  • Silky azure, Ogyris oroetes (Hewitson, 1862)[80]
  • Small bronze azure, (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
  • Arid bronze azure, (Field, 1999)[82]
  • Northern purple azure, Ogyris zosine (Hewitson, 1853)[28]
tribe: Zesiini (hairstreaks)
genus: Jalmenus
J. i. inous (Hewitson, 1865)[87]
J. i. notocrucifer (Johnson, Hay & Bollam, 1992)[88]
  • Waterhouse's hairstreak, Jalmenus lithochroa (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Macqueen's hairstreak, Jalmenus pseudictinus (Kerr & Macqueen, 1967)[89]
genus: Pseudalmenus
  • Silky hairstreak, Pseudalmenus chlorinda (Blanchard, 1948)[48]
P. c. chlorinda (Blanchard, 1948)[48]
P. c. conara (Couchman, 1965)[6]
P. c. zephyrus (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
P. c. myrsilus (Westwood, 1851)[78]
P. c. chloris (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
P. c. barringtonensis (Waterhouse, 1928)[60]
tribe: Hypolycaenini
genus: Hypolycaena
  • Orchid flash, Hypolycaena danis (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
H. d. turneri (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Black-spotted flash, Hypolycaena phorbas (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
H. p. phorbas (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
H. p. ingura (Tindale, 1923)[90]
tribe: Deudorigini
Dark cornelian
Indigo flash
genus: Deudorix
  • Dark cornelian, Deudorix epijarbas (Moore, 1858)[91] — pictured right
D. e. dido (Waterhouse, 1934)[65]
D. e. diovis (Hewitson, 1863)[92]
  • Bright cornelian, (Hewitson, 1863)[92]
  • Orange-lobed flash, (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
D. e. agimar (Fruhstorfer, 1908)[69]
  • White-spotted flash, (Miskin, 1884)[36]
D. d. democles (Miskin, 1884)[36]
  • Princess flash, Deudorix smilis (Hewitson, 1863)[92]
D. s. dalyensis (le Souëf & Tindale, 1970)[94]
genus: Rapala
  • Indigo flash, Rapala varuna (Horsfield, 1829)[95] — pictured right
R. v. simsoni (Miskin, 1874)[74]
genus: Bindahara
  • Sword-tailed flash, Bindahara phocides (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
B. p. yurgama (Couchman, 1965)[6]

Polyommatinae: blues[]

subfamily: Polyommatinae (blues)
tribe: Candalidini
genus: Candalides (pencil– and dusky-blues)
  • Shining pencil-blue, Candalides helenita (Semper, 1879)[85]
C. h. helenita (Semper, 1879)[85]
  • Trident pencil-blue, Candalides margarita (Semper, 1879)[85]
C. m. margarita (Semper, 1879)[85]
C. c. consimilis (Waterhouse, 1942)[77]
C. c. goodingi (Tindale, 1965)[97]
C. c. toza (Kerr, 1967)[98]
  • Copper pencil-blue, Candalides cyprotus (Olliff, 1886)[99]
C. c. cyprotus (Olliff, 1886)[99]
C. c. pallescens (Tite, 1963)[100]
C. h. hyacinthina (Semper, 1879)[85]
C. h. simplexa (Tepper, 1882)[101]
C. h. gilesi (Williams & Bollam, 2001)[102]
C. e. erinus (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Blotched dusky-blue, Candalides acasta (Cox, 1873)[104]
  • Spotted dusky-blue, Candalides delospila (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Yellow-spotted blue, Candalides xanthospilos (Hübner, 1817)[105]
  • Rayed blue, Candalides heathi (Cox, 1873)[104]
C. h. heathi (Cox, 1873)[104]
C. h. alpina (Waterhouse, 1928)[60]
C. h. doddi (Burns, 1948)[106]
  • Golden-rayed blue, (Braby & Douglas, 2004)[107]
genus: Nesolycaena (opals)
  • Dark opal, (Miskin, 1891)[59]
  • Satin opal, (Braby, 1996)[108]
  • Spotted opal, (Tindale, 1922)[109]
  • Kimberley spotted opal, (d'Apice & Miller, 1992)[110]
tribe:
genus: Anthene (ciliate-blues)
A. s. affinis (Waterhouse & RE Turner, 1905)[112]
A. l. godeffroyi (Semper, 1879)[85]
tribe: Polyommatini
genus: Petrelaea
  • Mauve line-blue, (Röber, 1886)[111]
genus: Nacaduba
  • Large purple line-blue, Nacaduba berenice (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
N. b. berenice (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
  • White-banded line-blue, Nacaduba kurava (Moore, 1858)[91]
N. k. parma (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
N. k. felsina (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
N. b. biocellata (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
  • Green-banded line-blue, Nacaduba cyanea (Cramer, 1775)[4]
  • *Violet line-blue, Nacaduba calauria (C. Felder, 1860)[93] [*native to Dauan and Murray Islands]
N. c. calauria (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
  • *Bold line-blue, Nacaduba pactolus (C. Felder, 1860)[93] [*native to Darnley and Murray Islands]
genus: Erysichton
E. l. lineata (Murray, 1874)[114]
  • Marbled line-blue, Erysichton palmyra (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
E. p. tasmanicus (Miskin, 1890)[76]
genus: Danis
  • Large green-banded blue, Danis danis (Cramer, 1775)[4]
D. d. serapis (Miskin, 1891)[59]
D. d. syrius (Miskin, 1890)[76]
genus: Nothodanis
  • *Dark green-banded blue, (Eschscholtz, 1821)[115] [*native to Murray Island]
genus: Psychonotis
P. c. taygetus (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
genus: Prosotas
  • Purple line-blue, Prosotas dubiosa (Semper, 1879)[85]
P. d. dubiosa (Semper, 1879)[85]
  • Short-tailed line-blue, (Murray, 1874)[114]
  • Long-tailed line-blue, Prosotas nora (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
P. n. auletes (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Catopyrops
  • Papuan line-blue, Catopyrops ancyra (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
C. a. mysia (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
C. f. halys (Waterhouse, 1934)[65]
C. f. estrella (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Ionolyce
  • Bronze line-blue, Ionolyce helicon (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
I. h. hyllus (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Theclinesthes
  • Bitter-bush blue, Theclinesthes albocincta (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Western bitter-bush blue, (Sibatani & Grund, 1978)[116]
T. h. hesperia (Sibatani & Grund, 1978)[116]
T. h. littoralis (Sibatani & Grund, 1978)[116]
  • Wattle blue, Theclinesthes miskini (T. P. Lucas, 1889)[117]
T. m. miskini (T. P. Lucas, 1889)[117]
T. m. eucalypti (Sibatani & Grund, 1978)[116]
T. m. arnoldi (Fruhstorfer, 1916)[118]
  • Cycad blue, (Hewitson, 1865)[87]
T. o. onycha (Hewitson, 1865)[87]
T. o. capricornia (Sibatani & Grund, 1978)[116]
  • Saltbush blue, (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
T. s. serpentata (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
T. s. lavara (Couchman, 1954)[119]
  • Samphire blue, (Miskin, 1890)[76]
genus: Sahulana
  • Glistening line-blue, Sahulana scintillata (T. P. Lucas, 1889)[117]
genus: Neolucia (heath-blues)
  • Fringed heath-blue, (Westwood, 1851)[78]
N. a. agricola (Westwood, 1851)[78]
N. a. insulana (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
N. a. occidens (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Montane heath-blue, (Miskin, 1890)[76]
N. h. hobartensis (Miskin, 1890)[76]
N. h. monticola (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Dull heath-blue, (Miskin, 1890)[76]
genus: Jamides (ceruleans)
J. a. coelestis (Miskin, 1891)[59]
  • Shining cerulean, Jamides amarauge (Druce, 1891)[71]
  • *King cerulean, Jamides bochus (Stoll, 1782)[4] [*native to Christmas Island]
  • *Papuan cerulean, (Butler, 1876)[19] [*native to Darnley Island]
  • Pale cerulean, Jamides cyta (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
J. c. claudia (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Catochrysops (pea-blues)
  • Cobalt pea-blue, (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
C. a. amasea (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Pale pea-blue, Catochrysops panormus (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
C. p. platissa (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
C. p. papuana (Tite, 1959)[121]
genus: Lampides
  • Long-tailed pea-blue, Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767)[122]
genus: Leptotes (synonyms Tarucus and Syntarucus)
  • Plumbago blue, Leptotes plinius (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
L. p. pseudocassius (Murray, 1873)[123]
genus: Zizeeria
  • Spotted grass-blue, Zizeeria karsandra (Moore, 1865)[124]
genus: Zizina
  • Common grass-blue, Zizina labradus (Godart, 1824)[125]
Z. l. labradus (Godart, 1824)[125]
Z. l. labdalon (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • *Lesser grass-blue, Zizina otis (Fabricius, 1787)[126] [*native to Christmas Island]
genus: Famegana
Black-spotted grass-blue, Famegana alsulus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
F. a. alsulus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869)[113]
genus: Zizula
  • Dainty grass-blue, Zizula hylax (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
Z. h. attenuata (T. P. Lucas, 1890)[127]
genus: Everes
  • Orange-tipped pea-blue, Everes lacturnus (Godart, 1824)[125]
E. l. australis (Couchman, 1962)[128]
genus: Pithecops
  • Pied blue, (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
P. d. dionisius (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
genus: Neopithecops
  • Devil's blue, (Röber, 1886)[111]
N. l. heria (Fruhstorfer, 1919)[129]
genus: Megisba
  • Small pied blue, (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
M. s. nigra (Miskin, 1890)[76]
genus: Udara
  • Delicate blue, (Miskin, 1891)[59]
genus: Euchrysops
  • Spotted pea-blue, Euchrysops cnejus (Fabricius, 1798)[130]
E. c. cnidus (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Freyeria
F. p. putli (Kollar, 1844)[131]

Nymphalidae: brush– or four-footed[]

family: Nymphalidae (brush– or four-footed) — 81+6 species

Morphinae[]

subfamily: Morphinae
tribe: Amathusiini
genus Taenaris
  • Pearl owl, Taenaris artemis (Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1860)[132]
T. a. jamesi (Butler, 1876)[19]

Satyrinae[]

Evening brown
Dusky bush-brown
Dingy bush-brown
Ringed xenica
Common brown
Banks' brown
subfamily: Satyrinae
tribe:
subtribe:
genus: Melanitis
  • Evening brown, Melanitis leda (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] — pictured right
M. l. bankia (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • *Banded evening brown, (Boisduval, 1832)[15] [*native to Darnley Island]
  • *Papuan evening brown, (Cramer, 1777)[4] [*native to Murray Island]
tribe: Elymniini
subtribe:
genus: Elymnias
  • Palmfly, Elymnias agondas (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
E. a. australiana (Fruhstorfer, 1900)[133]
subtribe:
  • Dusky bush-brown, Orsotriaena medus (Fabricius, 1775)[21] — pictured right
O. m. moira (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Dingy bush-brown, Mycalesis perseus (Fabricius, 1775)[21] — pictured right
M. p. perseus (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Cedar bush-brown, (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
M. s. sirius (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Orange bush-brown, Mycalesis terminus (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
M. t. terminus (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
tribe: Satyrini
subtribe:
genus: Ypthima
  • Dusky knight, (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
Y. a. arctoa (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
subtribe:
genus: Hypocysta
  • Hypocysta adiante (Hübner, 1831)[134]
H. a. angustata (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Nesoxenica — endemic to Tasmania
  • Tasmanian xenica, Nesoxenica leprea (Hewitson, 1864)[136]
N. l. leprea (Hewitson, 1864)[136]
N. l. elia (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Argynnina
genus: Oreixenica
  • (Olliff, 1890)[137]
  • (Miskin, 1876)[66]
  • (Westwood, 1851)[78]
  • (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • (Meyrick, 1885)[138]
  • (Couchman, 1953)[139]
genus: Geitoneura
  • Ringed xenica, Geitoneura acantha (Donovan, 1805)[13] — pictured right
  • Marbled xenica, Geitoneura klugii (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)[14] — pictured right
  • Geitoneura minyas (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
genus: Heteronympha
  • Banks' brown, Heteronympha banksii (Leach, 1814)[5] — pictured right
  • Heteronympha cordace (Geyer, 1832)[140]
  • Heteronympha merope (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • (Butler, 1866)[141]
  • (Lower, 1893)[142]
  • (Waterhouse, 1937)[143]
  • (Waterhouse, 1904)[144]
genus: Tisiphone

Charaxinae: leafwings[]

Tailed emperor
subfamily: Charaxinae (leafwings)
genus: Charaxes
  • Orange emperor, Charaxes latona (Butler, 1865)[146]
genus: Polyura
  • Tailed emperor, Polyura sempronius (Fabricius, 1793)[31] — pictured right
Polyura pyrrhus sempronius (Fabricius, 1793)[31]

Apaturinae[]

subfamily: Apaturinae
genus: Apaturina
A. e. papuana (Ribbe, 1884)[148]

Heliconiinae: longwings[]

Cruiser
Spotted rustic
Laced fritillary
subfamily: Heliconiinae (longwings)
tribe: Acraeini
genus: Acraea
  • Glasswing, Acraea andromacha (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
A. a. andromacha (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
tribe: Heliconiini
genus: Cethosia
  • Red lacewing, Cethosia cydippe (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
C. c. chrysippe (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
C. p. paksha (Fruhstorfer, 1905)[149]
tribe: Vagrantini
genus: Vindula
V. a. ada (Butler, 1874)[150]
genus: Cupha
  • Bordered rustic, (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
C. p. prosope (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
genus: Vagrans
  • Tailed rustic, Vagrans egista (Cramer, 1780)[4]
V. e. propinqua (Miskin, 1884)[36]
genus: Phalanta
  • Spotted rustic, Phalanta phalantha (Drury, 1773)[9] — pictured right
P. p. araca (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
tribe: Argynnini
genus: Argynnis
  • Laced fritillary, Argynnis hyperbius (Linnaeus, 1763) — pictured right
A. h. inconstans Butler, 1873[151]

Nymphalinae[]

Leafwing
Danaid eggfly
Australian painted lady
subfamily: Nymphalinae
genus: Doleschallia
D. b. australis (C. & R. Felder, 1867)[152]
genus: Hypolimnas
  • Blue-banded eggfly, Hypolimnas alimena (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
H. a. lamina (Fruhstorfer, 1903)[153]
H. a. darwinensis (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Crow eggfly, Hypolimnas anomala (Wallace, 1869)[154]
H. a. albula (Wallace, 1869)[154]
  • *Spotted crow eggfly, Hypolimnas antilope (Cramer, 1777)[4] [*native to Murray and Yorke Islands]
  • Varied eggfly, Hypolimnas bolina (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
H. b. bolina (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
H. b. nerina (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Danaid eggfly, Hypolimnas misippus (Linnaeus, 1764)[155] — pictured right
genus: Yoma
(Butler, 1876)[19]
genus: Junonia
  • Northern argus, (Cramer, 1775)[4]
(Fabricius, 1775)[21]
(Butler, 1875)[135]
Junonia villida calybe (Godart, 1819)[156]
genus: Vanessa
  • Painted lady, Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
  • Yellow admiral, Vanessa itea (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Australian painted lady, Vanessa kershawi (McCoy, 1868)[157] — pictured right
genus: Mynes
  • Jezebel nymph, Mynes geoffroyi (Guérin-Méneville, 1830)[14]
M. g. guerini (Wallace, 1869)[154]

Biblidinae[]

White-banded plane
subfamily: Biblidinae (planes)
genus: Pantoporia
  • Orange plane, (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
P. c. consimilis (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
  • Black-eyed plane, Pantoporia venilia (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
P. v. moorei (W. J. Macleay, 1866)[158]
genus: Neptis
  • Yellow-eyed plane, (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
N. p. staudingereana (de Nicéville, 1898)[159]
genus: Phaedyma
  • White-banded plane, Phaedyma shepherdi (Moore, 1858)[91] — pictured right
P. s. shepherdi (Moore, 1858)[91]
genus: Lexias
  • Orange-banded plane, Lexias aeropa (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]

Libytheinae[]

Purple beak
subfamily: Libytheinae
genus: Libythea
  • Purple beak, Libythea geoffroy (Godart, 1824)[125] — pictured right
L. g. genia (Waterhouse, 1938)[160]
L. g. nicevillei (Olliff, 1891)[161]

Danainae: milkweed butterflies[]

Swamp tiger
Monarch butterfly
Common crow (caterpillar)
Two-brand crow
Purple crow
subfamily: Danainae (milkweed butterflies)
tribe: Danaini (tigers and crows)
genus Tirumala
  • Blue tiger, Tirumala hamata (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
T. h. hamata (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
genus Danaus
  • Swamp tiger, Danaus affinis (Fabricius, 1775)[21] — pictured right
D. a. affinis (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
D. a. alexis (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
D. a. gelanor (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
conspecific with:[162] D. philene (Stoll, 1782)[4]
  • Orange tiger, Danaus genutia (Cramer, 1779)[4]
D. g. alexis (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Monarch or wanderer, Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758)[7] — pictured right
  • Lesser wanderer, Danaus chrysippus (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
D. c. petilia (Stoll, 1790)[163]
D. c. cratippus (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
genus Euploea
  • No-brand crow, Euploea alcathoe (Godart, 1819)[156]
E. a. eichhorni (Staudinger, 1884)[164]
E. a. enastri (Fenner, 1991)[165]
E. a. monilifera (Moore, 1883)[166]
  • Common crow, Euploea core (Cramer, 1780)[4] — pictured right
E. c. corinna (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
E. a. violetta (Butler, 1876)[19]
  • Bates' crow, (C. & R. Felder, 1865)[8]
E. b. resarta (Butler, 1876)[19]
  • Climena crow, Euploea climena (Stoll, 1782)[4]
E. c. macleari (Butler, 1887)[167]
  • Small brown crow, Euploea darchia (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
E. d. darchia (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
E. d. niveata (Butler, 1875)[135]
  • Orange-flash crow, (Gmelin, 1790)[168]
  • Two-brand crow, Euploea sylvester (Fabricius, 1793)[31] — pictured right
E. s. sylvester (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
E. s. pelor (Doubleday, 1847)[23]
  • Purple crow, Euploea tulliolus (Fabricius, 1793)[31] — pictured right
E. t. tulliolus (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
  • *Wide-brand crow, (Snellen, 1889)[169] [*native to Dauan Island]
tribe: Tellervini
genus Tellervo
  • Hamadryad, (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
Cairns hamadryad, (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
Cape York hamadryad, (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]

Hesperiidae: skippers[]

family: Hesperiidae (skippers)[170] — 121+1 species

Pyrginae: spread-winged skippers[]

subfamily: Pyrginae (spread-winged skippers) (Burmeister, 1878)[171]
genus: dusk-flats, Chaetocneme (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
  • Ornate dusk-flat, Chaetocneme denitza (Hewitson, 1867)[40]
  • Eastern dusk-flat, Chaetocneme beata (Hewitson, 1867)[40]
  • Banded dusk-flat, Chaetocneme critomedia (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)[172]
C. c. sphinterifera (Fruhstorfer, 1910)[39]
  • Purple dusk-flat, Chaetocneme porphyropis (Meyrick & Lower, 1902)[173]
genus: Euschemon (Doubleday, 1846)[2]
Euschemon rafflesia
  • Regent skipper, Euschemon rafflesia (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12] — pictured right
E. r. rafflesia (W. S. Macleay, 1826)[12]
E. r. alba (Mabille, 1903)[174]
genus: Exometoeca
  • Western flat, Exometoeca nycteris (Meyrick, 1888)[175]
genus: Netrocoryne
  • Bronze flat, Netrocoryne repanda (C. & R. Felder, 1867)[152]
N. r. repanda (C. & R. Felder, 1867)[152]
N. r. expansa (Waterhouse, 1932)[176]
genus: Tagiades
  • Pied flat, Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 1781)[4]
T. j. janetta (Butler, 1870)[177]

Coeliadinae: awls, awlets and policemen[]

subfamily: Coeliadinae (awls, awlets and policemen)
genus: Allora
  • Peacock awl, Allora doleschallii (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
  • Greater peacock awl, Allora major (Rothschild, 1915)[178]
genus: Badamia
  • Narrow-winged or brown awl, Badamia exclamationis (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
genus: Hasora
H. d. mastusia (Fruhstorfer, 1911)[180]
  • Common banded awl, Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1780)[4]
H. c. chromus (Cramer, 1780)[4]
H. k. haslia (Swinhoe, 1899)[182]
  • Broad-banded awl, Hasora hurama (Butler, 1870)[177]

Trapezitinae: Australian skippers[]

subfamily: Trapezitinae (Australian skippers)
genus: Antipodia
  • Antipodia atralba (Tepper, 1882)[101]
  • Antipodia chaostola (Meyrick, 1888)[175]
  • Antipodia dactyliota (Meyrick, 1888)[175]
genus: Croitana
genus: Herimosa (Atkins, 1994);[188] previously Anisynta (Lower, 1911)[189]
  • White-veined sand-skipper, Anisynta albovenata (Waterhouse, 1940)[190]
  • Mottled grass-skipper, Anisynta cynone (Hewitson, 1874)[51]
A. c. cynone (Hewitson, 1874)[51]
A. c. gunneda (Couchman, 1954)[119]
  • Two-brand grass-skipper, Anisynta dominula (Plötz, 1884)[191]
  • Montane grass-skipper or mountain skipper, Anisynta monticolae (Olliff, 1890)[137]
  • Wedge grass-skipper, Anisynta sphenosema (Meyrick & Lower, 1902)[173]
  • Chequered grass-skipper, Anisynta tillyardi (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1912)[192]
genus: Hesperilla
genus: Mesodina
genus: Motasingha
  • Motasingha dirphia (Hewitson, 1868)[184]
  • Motasingha trimaculata (Tepper, 1882)[101]
genus: Neohesperilla
genus: Oreisplanus
  • Oreisplanus munionga (Olliff, 1890)[137]
  • Oreisplanus perornata (Kirby, 1893)[199]
genus: Signeta
genus: Toxidia
genus: Trapezites
  • Silver-spotted ochre, Trapezites argenteoornatus (Hewitson, 1868)[184]
  • Speckled ochre, Trapezites atkinsi (A. A. E. Williams, M. R. Williams & R. W. Hay, 1998)[202]
  • Orange ochre, Trapezites eliena (Hewitson, 1868)[184]
  • Ornate ochre, Trapezites genevieveae (Atkins, 1997)[203]
  • Small orange ochre, Trapezites heteromacula (Meyrick & Lower, 1902)[173]
  • Silver-studded ochre, Trapezites iacchoides (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Brown ochre, Trapezites iacchus (Fabricius, 1775)[21]
  • Yellow ochre, Trapezites lutea (Tepper, 1882)[101]
  • Bronze ochre, Trapezites macqueeni (Kerr & Sands, 1970)[204]
  • Northern silver ochre, Trapezites maheta (Hewitson, 1877)[205]
  • Black-ringed ochre, Trapezites petalia (Hewitson, 1868)[184]
  • Heath ochre, Trapezites phigalia (Hewitson, 1868)[184]
  • Montane ochre, Trapezites phigalioides (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
  • Southern silver ochre, Trapezites praxedus (Plötz, 1884)[191]
  • Sciron ochre, Trapezites sciron (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914)[9]
  • Splendid ochre, Trapezites symmomus (Hübner, 1823)[206]
  • Sandstone ochre, Trapezites taori (Atkins, 1997)[203]
  • Laterite ochre, Trapezites waterhouse (Mayo & Atkins, 1992)[207]

Hesperinae: grass skippers[]

subfamily: Hesperinae (grass skippers)
  • Mimene atropatene (Fruhstorfer, 1911)[180]
genus: Notocrypta
  • Notocrypta waigensis (Plötz, 1882)[208]
N. w. proserpina (Butler, 1883)[200]
genus: Taractrocera
T. i. ilia (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
genus: Ocybadistes
O. a. ardea (Bethune-Baker, 1906)[209]
O. a. heterobathra (Lower, 1908)[185]
genus: Suniana
genus: Arrhenes
A. d. iris (Waterhouse, 1903)[63]
A. m. affinis (Waterhouse & Lyell, 1912)[192]
genus: Telicota
T. a. krefftii (W. J. Macleay, 1866)[158]
T. c. argeus (Plötz, 1883)[215]
T. m. mesoptis (Lower, 1911)[189]
genus: Cephrenes
  • Cephrenes augiades (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
C. a. sperthias (C. Felder, 1862)[96]
  • Cephrenes trichopepla (Lower, 1908)[185]
genus: Sabera
genus: Pelopidas
genus: Parnara
genus: Borbo
  • Rice swift, Borbo cinnara (Wallace, 1866)[218]
  • Borbo impar (Mabille, 1883)[219]
B. i. lavinia (Waterhouse, 1932)[176]
B. i. tetragaphus (Mabille, 1891)[201]

Remote islands species[]

See also: List of islands of Australia
Christmas Island

Australia has 8,222 islands within her maritime borders. This is small in comparison with her northern neighbour Indonesia, with about 18,300 islands (high geological activity is constantly adding and removing Indonesian islands). The British Isles include more than 6,000 islands over a much smaller area. The Greek islands include about as many islands depending on the minimum size to take into account, but in an even smaller area.

Christmas Island (105°E)[]

  • Christmas swallowtail, Papilio memnon (Linnaeus, 1758)[7]
  • Striped albatross, Appias olferna (Swinhoe, 1890)[33]
  • Christmas emperor, Polyura andrewsi (Butler, 1900)[147]
  • King cerulean, Jamides bochus (Stoll, 1782)[4]
  • Lesser grass-blue, Zizina otis (Fabricius, 1787)[126]
  • Papuan grass-yellow, Eurema blanda (Boisduval, 1836)[32] (also on Darnley Island)
  • Eurema alitha (C. & R. Felder, 1832)
  • Euploea climena macleari (Butler, 1887)
  • Badamia exclamationis (Fabricius, 1775)
  • Borbo cinnara (Wallace, 1866)
  • Catochrysops panormus exiguus
  • Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775)
  • Junonia villida
  • Hasora chromus (Cramer, 1780)
  • Hypolimnas anomala (Wallace, 1869)
  • Hypolimnas bolina nerina (Fabricius, 1775)
  • Hypolimnas misippus
  • Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767)
  • Nacaduba kurava (Moore, 1858)[220]

Torres Strait islands (142–144°E)[]

Torres Strait islands
Dauan Island (Dauan, 142.5°E)
  • Violet line-blue, Nacaduba calauria (C. Felder, 1860)[93] (also on Murray Island)
  • White-brand crow, (Snellen, 1889)[169]
  • Gracile line-blue, Prosotas gracilis (Röber, 1886)[111]
Saibai Island (Saibai, 142.7°E)
Yorke Island (Masig, 143.4°E)
Darnley Island (Erub, 143.7°E)
  • Papuan grass-yellow, Eurema blanda (Boisduval, 1836)[32] (also on Christmas Island)
  • Papuan snow flat, Tagiades nestus (C. Felder, 1860)[93]
  • Banded evening brown, (Boisduval, 1832)[15]
  • Papuan cerulean, (Butler, 1876)[19]
  • Bold line-blue, Nacaduba pactolus (C. Felder, 1860)[93] (also on Murray Island)
  • Silky owl, Taenaris catops (Westwood, 1851)[78] (also on Saibai Island)
Murray Island (Mer, 144.0°E)
  • Papuan evening brown, (Cramer, 1777)[4]
  • Dark green-banded blue, (Eschscholtz, 1821)[115]
  • Violet line-blue, Nacaduba calauria (C. Felder, 1860)[93] (also on Dauan Island)
  • Spotted crow eggfly, Hypolimnas antilope (Cramer, 1777)[4] (also on Yorke Island)

Norfolk Island (168°E)[]

  • Norfolk swallowtail, Papilio amynthor (Boisduval, 1859)[20]

Glossary[]

For a key to the terms used, see Glossary of entomology terms.
  • aestivation — summer dormancy
  • anal vein — sixth wing vein, parallel to dorsum
  • androconia —
  • —
  • —
  • —
  • —
  • bifid — two-pronged
  • discal cell —
  • imago — adult insect; fully grown, sexually mature

Major collections[]

Butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea)
in principal collections
Collection Specimens Amateur Percent
ANIC, Canberra 115,000 92,000 80%
Australian Museum, Sydney 65,000 63,900 98%
Museum of Victoria 24,000 18,000 75%
Queensland Museum 9,000 6,300 70%
South Australian Museum 36,000 19,800 55%
Total 249,000 200,000 80%

Museums outside of Australia with significant Australian butterfly collections[]

  • UK British Museum: 25,000 Australian butterflies; includes specimens collected by Joseph Banks, Walter Rothschild and Cajetan and Rudolf Felder.
  • UK Hope Entomology Collections, Oxford University Museum of Natural History: 1,600 Australian butterflies.
  • RF Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris: 10,000 Australian butterflies; includes specimens collected by Hans Fruhstorfer.
  • BRD de:Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe: 5,000–10,000 Australian butterflies.
  • USA Jean Louis Rodolphe Agassiz Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: substantial Australian butterfly holdings, though numbers have not been estimated; includes specimens collected by RG Wind and .

See also[]

collections
  • Australian Butterfly Sanctuary, Kuranda [live specimens]
  • Macleay Museum, University of Sydney [dead specimens]
butterfly lists
  • List of butterflies of Great Britain
  • List of butterflies of India
  • List of butterflies of North America
  • List of butterflies of Tasmania
  • List of butterflies of Victoria
Australian animal lists
  • List of moths of Australia
  • List of common spider species of Australia

Notes and references[]

  1. ^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  2. ^ a b c d Edward Doubleday, John Obadiah Westwood and William Chapman Hewitson. The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera: comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habits and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846–52.
  3. ^ Norman Barnett Tindale, "A new butterfly of the genus Papilio from Arnhem Land", Records of the South Australian Museum 3 (1927): 103–134.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Pieter Cramer and Caspar Stoll, : voorkomende in de drei Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America, by een verzameld en bescreeven (in Dutch), Papilions Exotiques des trois parties du monde l'Asie, l'Afrique et l'Amerique (in French), 34 issues in 4 volumes, (Amsterdam: Steven Jacobus Baalde, and Utrecht: Bartholomeus Wild, [1775]–1782).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h William Elford Leach, Zoological Miscellany, (London: British Museum), 1814.
  6. ^ a b c , 1965.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Caroli Linnæi, Systema Naturæ: per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, tomus I, editio decima reformata, (Holmiæ: Laurentii Salvii, 1758), pp. 458ff. (in Latin)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cajetan and Rudolf Felder (1865).
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as Gustavus Athol Waterhouse and George Lyell (1914), The Butterflies of Australia: a monograph of the Australian Rhopalocera introducing a complete scheme of structural classification, and giving descriptions and illustrations of all the butterflies found in Australia, including a number now recorded for the first time, (Sydney, Angus & Robertson). 239 pp.
  10. ^ Walter Rothschild, 1895.
  11. ^ a b c Arthur Gardiner Butler, 1877.
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Bibliography[]

  • Braby, Michael F. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution. 2 volumes. Melbourne: CSIRO Publishing, 2000.
[Reviewed in Australian Journal of Entomology 40 (2001): 202–204.]
  • Braby, Michael F. The Complete Guide to Butterflies of Australia. Corrected edition. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 2005.
  • Common, Ian FB and Doug F Waterhouse. Butterflies of Australia. 2nd edition. Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1981.
  • Edwards, ED, A. Wells, WWK Houston, J Newland and L Regan. Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia 31.6. CSIRO Publishing, 2001.
  • Kitching, Roger L. (ed.). Biology of Australian Butterflies. Monographs on Australian Lepidoptera 6. CSIRO Publishing, 1997.

Taxonomic authorities[]

  • Doubleday, Edward, John Obadiah Westwood and William Chapman Hewitson. The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera: Comprising Their Generic Characters, A Notice of Their Habits and Transformations, and A Catalogue of the Species of Each Genus. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1846–52.
  • Felder, Cajetan Freiherr von. 1860.
  • Felder, Cajetan Freiherr von and Rudolf Felder. "Reise der Österreichischen Fregatte Novara in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859". Zoologischer Thiel 2 (1867): xx–xx. Illustrations by sk:Alois Friedrich Rogenhofer are here [1] at Wikicommons
  • Fruhstorfer, Hans. "Die Indo-Australischen Tagfalter". [Family Erycinidae]. Pages 767–798 in Adalbert Seitz (ed.), Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde: eine systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge. Volume 9. Stuttgart: , 1914. (in German)
  • Guérin-Méneville, Félix Édouard. 1831.
  • Hewitson, William Chapman. Illustrations of New Species of Exotic Butterflies: Selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson. 5 volumes. London: John Van Voorst, 1851, 1862–1871, 1878.
  • Hewitson, William Chapman. Illustrations of diurnal Lepidoptera. Part I. Lycænidae. London: John Van Voorst, 1867. [First published 1863, reprinted with additions until 1878.]
  • Latreille, Pierre André. 1809.
  • Linnaeus, Carl. Systema Naturae. 10th edition. 1758. Page 458ff.
  • Macleay, William John.
  • Macleay, William Sharp. "Annulosa, catalogue of insects, collected by Captain King, RN". Appendix B, pp. 438–469 in Phillip Parker King. Narrative of a Survey of the Intertropical and Western Coasts of Australia. London: John Murray, 1826.
  • Miskin, William Henry
  • Meyrick, Edward. 1888.
  • Meyrick, Edward and OB Lower. "Revision of the Australian Hesperiadae". 35 (1902): 112–172. ISSN 1324-177X (1877–1958)
  • Olliff, Arthur Sidney.
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett. "A new butterfly of the genus Papilio from Arnhem Land". Records of the South Australian Museum 3 (1927): 103–134. ISSN 0376-2750
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett. "A new butterfly of the Ogyris." (1952). ISSN 0038-2965
  • Tindale, Norman Barnett. "New Rhopalocera and a list of species from the Grampian Mountains, Western Victoria." Records of the South Australian Museum (1953).
  • Waterhouse, Gustavus Athol. What Butterfly is That? A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia. 8 volumes. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1932. [Reviewed in Nature (1933).]
  • Westwood, John Obadiah.

External links[]

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