List of civil parishes of Ireland

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Civil parishes in Ireland are based on the medieval Christian parishes, adapted by the English administration and by the Church of Ireland.[1] The parishes, their division into townlands and their grouping into baronies, were recorded in the Down Survey undertaken in 1656-58 by surveyors under William Petty. The purpose was primarily cadastral, recording land boundaries and ownership.[2] The civil parishes are not administrative units. They differ from Catholic parishes, which are generally larger.[1]

Antrim[]

There are 77 civil parishes in County Antrim.[3]

  • Aghagallon
  • Aghalee
  • Ahoghill
  • Antrim
  • Ardclinis
  • Armoy
  • Ballinderry
  • Ballintoy
  • Ballycor
  • Ballymartin
  • Ballymoney
  • Ballynure
  • Ballyrashane
  • Ballyscullion
  • Billy
  • Blaris
  • Carncastle
  • Carnmoney
  • Carrickfergus (or St Nicholas)
  • Connor
  • Cranfield
  • Derrykeighan
  • Donegore
  • Drummaul
  • , Grange of
  • , Grange of
  • Duneane
  • Dunluce
  • Finvoy
  • Glenavy
  • Glynn
  • Inver
  • Island Magee
  • Kilbride
  • killinaskully
  • Killead
  • , Grange of
  • Kilraghts
  • Kilroot
  • Kilwaughter
  • Lambeg
  • Larne
  • Layd
  • Layd ()
  • Layd ()
  • Loughguile
  • , Grange of
  • , Grange of
  • Rasharkin
  • Rathlin
  • , Grange of
  • Templepatrick
  • Tickmacrevan

Armagh[]

There are 28 civil parishes in County Armagh.[4]

  • Armagh
  • Ballymore
  • Clonfeacle
  • Creggan
  • Derrynoose
  • Eglish
  • Forkill
  • Jonesborough
  • Keady
  • Kilclooney
  • Killyman
  • Kilmore
  • Lisnadill
  • Loughgall
  • Loughgilly
  • Magheralin
  • Mullaghbrack
  • Newry
  • Seagoe
  • Shankill
  • Tartaraghan
  • Tynan

Carlow[]

There are 47 civil parishes in County Carlow.[5]

  • Aghade
  • Ballon
  • Baltinglass
  • Carlow
  • Clonmore
  • Fennagh
  • Hacketstown
  • Kiltegan
  • Myshall
  • Nurney
  • Oldleighlin
  • Rathvilly
  • St Mullin's
  • Tullowphelim

Cavan[]

There are 36 civil parishes in County Cavan.[6]

  • Annagh
  • Bailieborough
  • Castlerahan
  • Castleterra
  • Crosserlough
  • Denn
  • Drumlane
  • Drumreilly
  • Kildallan
  • Kildrumsherdan
  • Killeshandra
  • Killinkere
  • Kilmore
  • Kinawley
  • Knockbride
  • or Castlekeeran
  • Lurgan
  • Mullagh
  • Munterconnaught
  • Shercock
  • Templeport
  • Tomregan

Clare[]

There are 81 civil parishes in County Clare.[7][8]

  • Abbey
  • Bunratty
  • Carran
  • Clareabbey
  • Clondagad
  • Clonlea
  • Clonloghan
  • Clonrush
  • Clooney (Bunratty Upper)
  • Clooney (Corcomroe)
  • Doora
  • Drumcliff
  • Drumcreehy
  • Drumline
  • Dysert (now part of Ruan)
  • Feakle
  • Feenagh
  • Gleninagh
  • Inagh
  • Inchicronan
  • Inishcaltra
  • Kilballyowen
  • Kilchreest
  • Kilconry
  • Kilcorney
  • Kilfarboy
  • Kilfearagh
  • Kilfenora
  • Kilfiddane
  • Kilfinaghta
  • Kilfintinan
  • Kilkeedy
  • Killadysert
  • Killaloe
  • Killard
  • Killaspuglonane
  • Killeany
  • Killeely
  • Killilagh
  • Killimer
  • Killinaboy
  • Killofin
  • Killokennedy
  • Killonaghan
  • Killone
  • Killuran
  • Kilmacduane
  • Kilmacrehy
  • Kilmaleery
  • Kilmaley
  • Kilmanaheen
  • Kilmihil
  • Kilmoon
  • Kilmurry McMahon
  • Kilmurry Ibrickane
  • Kilmurry-Negaul
  • Kilnamona
  • Kilnasoolagh
  • Kilnoe
  • Kilraghtis
  • Kilrush
  • Kilseily
  • Kilshanny
  • Kiltenanlea
  • Kiltoraght
  • Moyarta
  • Moynoe
  • Noughaval
  • O'Brien's Bridge
  • Ogonnelloe
  • Oughtmama
  • Quin
  • Rath
  • Rathborney
  • Ruan
  • St. Munchin's
  • St. Patrick's
  • Templemaley
  • Tomfinlough
  • Tomgraney
  • Tulla

Cork[]

Baronies are in parentheses where the name occurs more than once in the county.

East[]

There are 111 civil parishes in East Cork.[9]

  • Aghada
  • Ballintemple
  • Ballyhooly
  • Ballynoe
  • Carrigaline
  • Carrigtwohill
  • Castlelyons
  • Castletownroche
  • Clondulane
  • Cloyne
  • Cullen (Kinalea)
  • Doneraile
  • Dungourney
  • Fermoy
  • Glanworth
  • Gortroe
  • Inch
  • Kilcully
  • Kildorrery
  • Killeagh
  • (Barrymore)
  • Kilworth
  • Lisgoold
  • Little Island
  • Midleton
  • Mogeely
  • Monkstown
  • Nohoval
  • Rostellan
  • Tracton
  • Youghal

North-West[]

There are 71 civil parishes in North-West Cork.[9]

  • Aghabullogue
  • Aglish
  • Ballyclogh
  • Ballyvourney
  • Buttevant
  • Carrigrohane
  • Castlemagner
  • Churchtown
  • Clondrohid
  • Cullen (Duhallow)
  • Donoughmore (Muskerry)
  • Grenagh
  • Inchigeelagh
  • Inishcarra
  • Kilbrin
  • Kilcorney
  • Kilmeen (Duhallow)
  • Kilmichael
  • Kilnamartyra
  • (Fermoy)
  • Liscarroll
  • Macroom
  • Mallow
  • Mourneabbey
  • Whitechurch

West[]

Kilnagross Church

There are 68 civil parishes in West Cork.[9]

  • Ardfield
  • Ballinaboy
  • Ballinadee
  • Castlehaven
  • Desertserges
  • Drinagh
  • Dunderrow
  • Durrus
  • Inishannon
  • Kilbrittain
  • Kilcrohane
  • Kilgarriff
  • Kilmacabea
  • Kilnamanagh
  • Kinsale
  • Murragh
  • Rathbarry
  • Templemichael
  • Timoleague

Donegal[]

There are 52 civil parishes in County Donegal:[10]

  • Burt
  • Clondahorky
  • Clondavaddog
  • Clonmany
  • Convoy
  • Culdaff
  • Donegal
  • Drumhome
  • Gartan
  • Glencolmcille
  • Inch
  • Inishkeel
  • Inver
  • Kilcar
  • Killea
  • Killymard
  • Kilmacrennan
  • Mevagh
  • or
  • Muff
  • Raphoe
  • Stranorlar
  • Taughboyne
  • Urney

Down[]

There are 69 civil parishes in County Down:[11]

Dublin[]

There are 83 civil parishes in County Dublin:[12]

  • Aderrig
  • Artaine
  • Baldoyle
  • Balgriffin
  • Ballyboghil
  • Ballyfermot
  • Balrothery
  • Balscaddan
  • Booterstown
  • Castleknock
  • Chapelizod
  • Cloghran, Castleknock
  • Cloghran, Coolock
  • Clondalkin
  • Clonmethan
  • Clonsilla
  • Clontarf
  • Clonturk
  • Coolock
  • Cruagh
  • Crumlin
  • Dalkey
  • Donabate
  • Donnybrook
  • Drimnagh
  • Esker
  • Finglas
  • Garristown
  • Glasnevin
  • Grangegorman
  • Hollywood
  • Howth
  • Kilbarrack
  • Kilbride
  • Kill
  • Killester
  • Killiney
  • Kilmactalway
  • Kilmacud
  • Kilmahuddrick
  • Kiltiernan
  • Kinsaley
  • Leixlip
  • Lucan
  • Lusk
  • Malahide
  • Monkstown
  • Mulhuddart
  • Naul
  • Newcastle
  • Oldconnaught
  • Palmerstown
  • Portmarnock
  • Raheny
  • Rathcoole
  • Rathfarnham
  • Rathmichael
  • Saggart
  • Santry
  • Stillorgan
  • Swords
  • Tallaght
  • Taney
  • Whitechurch

City of Dublin[]

Fermanagh[]

There are 23 civil parishes in County Fermanagh

  • Aghalurcher (also Co. Tyrone)
  • Aghavea
  • Belleek
  • Boho
  • Cleenish
  • Clones (also Co. Monaghan)
  • Currin
  • Derrybrusk
  • Derryvullan
  • Devenish
  • Drumkeeran
  • Drummully (also Co. Monaghan)
  • Enniskillen
  • (also Co. Donegal)
  • Kinawley
  • Magheracross
  • Magheraculmoney
  • Tomregan
  • Trory

Galway[]

There are 120 civil parishes in County Galway:[13]

  • Abbeyknockmoy
  • Ahascragh
  • Annaghdown
  • Ardrahan
  • Athenry
  • Athleague
  • Aughrim
  • Ballindoon
  • Ballinrobe
  • Ballymacward
  • Ballynacourty
  • Belclare
  • Boyounagh
  • Bullaun
  • Claregalway
  • Clonfert
  • Clonkeen
  • Clonrush
  • Cummer
  • Donaghpatrick
  • Drumacoo
  • Dunamon
  • Duniry
  • Dunmore
  • Fahy
  • Inishcaltra
  • Inisheer
  • Inishmore
  • Kilbennan
  • Kilchreest
  • Kilcloony
  • Kilcolgan
  • Kilconickny
  • Kilconnell
  • Kilcummin
  • Kilkerrin
  • Killeany
  • Killeely
  • Killeenadeema
  • Killererin
  • Killian
  • Killimordaly
  • Killoran
  • Killursa
  • Kilmacduagh
  • Kilmeen
  • Kiltartan
  • Kiltormer
  • Lackagh
  • Leitrim
  • Lickmolassy
  • Loughrea
  • Meelick
  • Monivea
  • Moycullen
  • Moylough
  • Omey
  • Oranmore
  • Stradbally
  • Tuam
  • Tynagh

Kerry[]

There are 87 civil parishes in County Kerry:[14]

  • Aghadoe
  • Aglish
  • Ardfert
  • Ballyduff
  • Ballymacelligott
  • Ballynacourty
  • Ballyseedy
  • Brosna
  • Castleisland
  • Cloghane
  • Currans
  • Dingle
  • Dromod
  • Duagh
  • Dunquin
  • Fenit
  • Finuge
  • Galey
  • Glanbehy
  • Kenmare
  • Kilconly
  • Kilcrohane
  • Kilcummin
  • Kildrum
  • Kilflyn
  • Kilgarvan
  • Killarney
  • Killiney
  • Killorglin
  • Kilmalkedar
  • Knockanure
  • Lisselton
  • Listowel
  • Molahiffe
  • Nohaval
  • Prior
  • Rattoo
  • Stradbally
  • Templenoe
  • Tralee
  • Tuosist
  • Ventry

Kildare[]

There currently appear to be 113 civil parishes in County Kildare.[15] This includes two civil parishes named Cloncurry, two named Nurney, and two named Tully. Before 1881, there were also civil parishes of Ballybought, Coughlanstown and Jago.[16]

Other sources treat Cloncurry, Nurney and Tully all as one civil parish each.[17] Additionally, some include the civil parishes that no longer exist.[18]

Current[]

  • Ballymore Eustace
  • Ballysax
  • Bodenstown
  • Carbury
  • Carragh
  • Castledermot
  • Castledillon
  • Clane
  • Confey
  • Donadea
  • Donaghcumper
  • Donaghmore
  • Graney
  • Harristown
  • Johnstown
  • Kilberry
  • Kilcock
  • Kilcullen
  • Kildangan
  • Kildare
  • Kildrought
  • Kilkea
  • Kill
  • Kilmeage
  • Kilteel
  • Ladytown
  • Laraghbryan
  • Leixlip
  • Lullymore
  • Monasterevin
  • Moone
  • Naas
  • Narraghmore
  • Nurney
  • Nurney
  • Oughterard
  • Rathangan
  • Rathmore
  • Straffan
  • Taghadoe
  • Timolin
  • Usk
  • Whitechurch

Previous[]

Kilkenny[]

There are 140 civil parishes in County Kilkenny:[19]

  • Abbeyleix
  • Aghaviller
  • Aglish
  • Balleen
  • Burnchurch
  • Callan
  • Castlecomer
  • Castleinch or
  • Clara
  • Columbkille
  • Danesfort
  • Dungarvan
  • Dunnamaggan
  • Durrow
  • Ennisnag
  • Erke
  • Fiddown
  • Freshford
  • Gowran
  • Graiguenamanagh
  • Inistioge
  • Kells
  • Kilbeacon
  • Kilderry
  • Kilfane
  • Kilferagh
  • Kilkieran
  • Killamery
  • Killarney
  • Kilmacow
  • Kilmaganny
  • Kilree
  • Knocktopher
  • Mayne
  • Owning
  • Rathbeagh
  • Rathcoole
  • Rosbercon
  • St. Canice
  • The Rower
  • Thomastown
  • Tibberaghny
  • Tiscoffin
  • Tullaherin
  • Tullahought
  • Tullaroan
  • Urlingford

Laois[]

There are 53 civil parishes in County Laois:[20]

Leitrim[]

There are 17 civil parishes in County Leitrim:[21]

  • Carrigallen
  • Cloone
  • Drumreilly
  • Fenagh
  • Killarga
  • Kiltubbrid
  • Mohill
  • Rossinver

Limerick[]

There are 130 civil parishes in County Limerick:[22]

  • Abbeyfeale
  • Abington
  • Adare
  • Ardagh
  • Ardpatrick
  • Askeaton
  • Athlacca
  • Ballinard
  • Ballylanders
  • Bruff
  • Bruree
  • Caherconlish
  • Caherelly
  • Cappagh
  • Clonkeen
  • Crecora
  • Croagh
  • Croom
  • Darragh
  • Doon
  • Dromcolliher
  • Dromkeen
  • Effin
  • Fedamore
  • Galbally
  • Grean
  • Hospital
  • Kilbeheny
  • Kilcornan
  • Kilcullane
  • Kildimo
  • Kilflyn
  • Kilkeedy
  • Killeedy
  • Killeely
  • Kilmeedy
  • Kilteely
  • Knocklong
  • Mahoonagh
  • Monasteranenagh
  • Mungret
  • Newcastle
  • Oola
  • Rathkeale
  • Shanagolden
  • St. John's
  • St Lawrences
  • St Michael's
  • St Munchins
  • St Nicholas
  • St. Patrick's
  • Stradbally
  • Tullabracky

Londonderry[]

There are 45 civil parishes in County Londonderry:[23]

  • Aghadowey
  • Ballinderry
  • Ballymoney
  • Ballynascreen
  • Ballyrashane
  • Ballyscullion
  • Banagher
  • Bovevagh
  • Coleraine
  • Cumber Upper
  • Derryloran
  • Desertmartin
  • Dungiven
  • Errigal
  • Kilcronaghan
  • Killowen
  • Kilrea
  • Lissan
  • Macosquin
  • Maghera
  • Magherafelt
  • Magilligan
  • Tamlaght
  • Templemore

Longford[]

There are 26 civil parishes in County Longford:[24]

Louth[]

There are 63 civil parishes in County Louth:[25]

  • Ardee
  • Ballymascanlan
  • Carlingford
  • Clogher
  • Clonkeen
  • Collon
  • Dromiskin
  • Drumcar
  • Dundalk
  • Dunleer
  • Faughart
  • Haggardstown
  • Inishkeen
  • Killanny
  • Louth
  • Mansfieldstown
  • Monasterboice
  • Port
  • Tallanstown
  • Termonfeckin
  • Tullyallen

Mayo[]

There are 73 civil parishes in County Mayo:[26]

  • Achill
  • Aghagower
  • Aghamore
  • Aglish
  • Ardagh
  • Attymass
  • Balla
  • Ballinrobe
  • Bekan
  • Bohola
  • Breaghwy
  • Burrishoole
  • Castlemore
  • Cong
  • Crossmolina
  • Islandeady
  • Kilcommon (Erris)
  • Kilcummin
  • Kilfian
  • Kilgarvan
  • Killala
  • Kilmeena
  • Kilmovee
  • Knock
  • Lackan
  • Mayo
  • Meelick
  • Robeen
  • Rosslee
  • Shrule
  • Templemore
  • Turlough

Meath[]

There are 146 civil parishes in County Meath:[27]

  • Agher
  • Ardbraccan
  • Ardcath
  • Athboy
  • Bective
  • Castlejordan
  • Clonalvy
  • Clonard
  • Collon
  • Cookstown
  • Cushinstown
  • Donaghpatrick
  • Donore
  • Dowth
  • Drumcondra
  • Duleek
  • Dunboyne
  • Dunshaughlin
  • Fennor
  • Inishmot
  • Julianstown
  • Kells
  • Kentstown
  • Kildalkey
  • Killallon
  • Kilmessan
  • Kilskeer
  • Kiltale
  • Laracor
  • Liscartan
  • or Castlekeeran
  • Loughcrew
  • Monknewtown
  • Moylagh
  • Moynalty
  • Navan
  • Nobber
  • Oldcastle
  • Piercetown
  • Rathmolyon
  • Ratoath
  • Siddan
  • Skreen
  • Slane
  • Stackallan
  • Tara
  • Teltown
  • Trim

Monaghan[]

There are 23 civil parishes in County Monaghan:[28]

  • Ballybay
  • Clones
  • Clontibret
  • Donagh
  • Drummully
  • Inishkeen
  • Killanny
  • Magheracloone
  • Monaghan
  • Tydavnet
  • Tullycorbet

Offaly[]

There are 51 civil parishes in County Offaly:[29]

Roscommon[]

There are 60 civil parishes in County Roscommon:[30]

  • Ardcarn
  • Athleague
  • Ballintober
  • Boyle
  • Creeve
  • Drum
  • Dunamon
  • Dysart
  • Elphin
  • Estersnow
  • Fuerty
  • Kilteevan
  • Kiltoom
  • Rahara
  • Roscommon
  • St. Peters
  • Taghmaconnell
  • Termonbarry

Sligo[]

There are 41 civil parishes in County Sligo:[31]

  • Achonry
  • Ballynakill
  • Ballysadare
  • Castleconor
  • Drumcliff
  • Easky
  • Kilglass
  • Killaspugbrone
  • Killoran
  • Kilross
  • Rossinver
  • Skreen
  • Tawnagh

Tipperary[]

There are 193 civil parishes in County Tipperary:[32]

Tyrone[]

There are 46 civil parishes in County Tyrone:[33]

  • Aghaloo
  • Ardstraw
  • (Tyrone portion)
  • Ballinderry
  • Cappagh
  • Carnteel
  • Clogher
  • Clonfeacle (Tyrone portion)
  • Clonoe
  • Derryloran (Tyrone portion)
  • Desertcreat
  • Donacavey
  • Donaghmore
  • Dromore
  • Drumragh
  • (Tyrone portion)
  • Kildress
  • Killeeshil
  • Killyman
  • Kilskeery
  • (Tyrone portion)
  • Lissan (Tyrone portion)
  • Magheracross
  • Pomeroy
  • Termonmaguirk
  • Urney (Tyrone portion)

Waterford[]

There are 74 civil parishes in County Waterford:[34]

  • Affane
  • Aglish
  • Ardmore
  • Ballygunner
  • Ballylaneen
  • Ballynakill
  • Clashmore
  • Clonea
  • Colligan
  • Crooke
  • Dungarvan
  • Dunhill
  • Fews
  • Kilbride
  • Kilculliheen
  • Kilgobnet
  • Killure
  • Kilmeadan
  • Kilrossanty
  • Kilrush
  • Kilsheelan
  • or Grange
  • Monksland
  • Mothel
  • Stradbally
  • Tallow
  • Templemichael

Westmeath[]

There are 63 civil parishes in County Westmeath:[35]

Wexford[]

There are over 135 civil parishes in County Wexford:[36]

  • Adamstown
  • Ballycanew
  • Ballycarney
  • Ballyhoge
  • Bannow
  • Carnew
  • Clonmines
  • Crosspatrick
  • Duncormick
  • Ferns
  • Fethard
  • Horetown
  • Kildavin
  • Killurin
  • Kilmokea
  • Kilmore
  • Kilmuckridge
  • Kilrane
  • Monamolin
  • Newbawn
  • Oldross
  • Rathmacknee
  • St. Mullins
  • Taghmon

Wicklow[]

Main article: List of Baronies and Civil Parishes of County Wicklow

There are over 59 civil parishes in County Wicklow:[37]

  • Aghowle
  • Arklow
  • Baltinglass
  • Blessington
  • Bray
  • Carnew
  • Crosspatrick
  • Delgany
  • Donard
  • Dunlavin
  • Glenealy
  • Hacketstown
  • Hollywood
  • Kilcoole
  • Kiltegan
  • Liscolman
  • Powerscourt
  • Preban
  • Rathdrum
  • Rathnew
  • Redcross

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Clare Civil Parishes". Clare County Library. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  2. ^ "The Down Survey of Ireland". Trinity College Dublin. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  3. ^ Grenham, John. "Irish Ancestors". www.irishtimes.com.
  4. ^ Grenham, John. "Irish Ancestors". www.irishtimes.com.
  5. ^ "Carlowcivil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
  6. ^ "Cavan civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  7. ^ "Clare Civil Parishes". Clare County Library. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  8. ^ "Map of Civil Parishes of County Clare". Clare County Library. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  9. ^ a b c "Cavan civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  10. ^ "Donegal civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  11. ^ "Down civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 March 2016.
  12. ^ "Dublin civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  13. ^ "Galway civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  14. ^ "Kerry civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  15. ^ "Townlands in Co. Kildare". www.townlands.ie.
  16. ^ Services, Kildare Library and Arts. "Index of Townlands of County Kildare". kildare.ie.
  17. ^ Services, Kildare Library and Arts. "Index of Townlands of County Kildare". kildare.ie.
  18. ^ "Kildare civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  19. ^ "Kilkenny civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  20. ^ "Laois civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  21. ^ "Leitrim civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  22. ^ "Limerick civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  23. ^ John Grenham Map and listing of civil parishes in Londonderry/Derry Retrieved 13 August 2019
  24. ^ "Longford civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  25. ^ "Louth civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  26. ^ "Mayo civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  27. ^ "Meath civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  28. ^ "Monaghan civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  29. ^ "Offaly civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  30. ^ "Roscommon civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
  31. ^ "Sligo civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  32. ^ "Tipperary civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  33. ^ "Co. Tyrone". www.townlands.ie/tyrone/.
  34. ^ "Waterford civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  35. ^ "Westmeath civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  36. ^ "Wexford civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 27 February 2014.
  37. ^ "Wicklow civil parishes". Irish Times. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
Retrieved from ""