List of creole languages

A creole language is a stable natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups, a creole language is a complete language, used in a community and acquired by children as their native language.

This list of creole languages links to Wikipedia articles about languages that linguistic sources identify as creoles. The "subgroups" list links to Wikipedia articles about language groups defined by the languages from which their vocabulary is drawn.

English-based creole languages[]

Australian Kriol, English-based, spoken in parts of Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Northern Queensland
Bahamian Creole, English Creole spoken in The Bahamas
Bajan Creole or Barbadian Creole, English-based, spoken in Barbados
Belizean Creole, English-based creole spoken in Belize
Bislama, an English-based creole, spoken in Vanuatu
Cameroonian Creole, English, French and Native Cameroonian language based
, English-based creole spoken in Fiji
Gullah language, spoken in the coastal region of the US states of North and South Carolina, Georgia and northeast Florida
Guyanese Creole, English-based, spoken in Guyana
Hawaiian Creole or Pidgin, a mixture of Native Hawaiian and American English similar to Tok Pisin
, English-based creole spoken in Huancayo, Peru
Krio language, English-based creole spoken throughout the West African nation of Sierra Leone
Jamaican Patois, English-based creole, spoken in Jamaica
Liberian Kreyol language, spoken in Liberia
Nigerian Creole, English based creole or pidgin spoken in Nigeria
Ndyuka, English-based creole spoken in Suriname, the only creole that uses its own alphabet, called the Afaka script
Pitkern, English spoken on the Pitcairn Islands and Norfolk Islands
Manglish, English-based, spoken in Malaysia
San Andrés–Providencia Creole, English-based creole spoken in (San Andrés and Providencia islands), Colombia
Singlish, English-based, spoken in Singapore
Tok Pisin, an official language of Papua New Guinea
, English-based creole spoken in Tonga
Torres Strait Creole or Brokan, spoken in far north-east Australia, Torres Strait, and south-west Papua
Trinidadian Creole, English-based, spoken in Trinidad
Sranan Tongo, a bridge language (lingua franca) spoken in Suriname
The Middle English creole hypothesis argues that English itself is a creole.
Saint Kitts Creole, English Creole or dialect spoken on the island of St. Kitts

French-based creole languages[]

Antillean Creole, French-based creole spoken in the French West Indies
, French-based creole spoken in Cameroon
Guianan Creole, French-based creole spoken in French Guiana
Haitian Creole, French-based, an official language of Haiti
Louisiana Creole, French-based, spoken in Louisiana
Mauritian Creole, French-based, spoken in Mauritius
Seychellois Creole, French-based, official in the Seychelles
Reunionese, French, Hindi, Malagasy based, spoken in Reunion Island
Saint Lucian Creole, French and English based, spoken in Saint Lucia

Portuguese-based creole languages[]

Annobonese Creole, Portuguese-based creole spoken in Annobón, Equatorial Guinea
Cape Verdean Creole, spoken on the islands of Cape Verde
Daman and Diu Portuguese creole, also known as Daman and Diu Indo-Portuguese, refers to varieties of Portuguese-based creole spoken in Daman and Diu.
Forro Creole, spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe
Guinea-Bissau Creole, spoken in Guinea-Bissau
Kristang language, spoken in Malaysia and Singapore
Macanese Patois, or Macau creole, Pátua, once spoken in Macau in China
Papiamento, spoken in the ABC islands in the southern Caribbean
Sri Lankan Portuguese Creole, spoken in Sri Lanka
São Vicente Creole, spoken in São Vicente on the islands of Cape Verde
Angolar Creole, spoken in the southernmost towns of São Tomé Island and sparsely along the coast.

Creole languages based on other languages[]

Andaman Creole Hindi, a Hindustani-based creole language spoken in the Andaman islands
Chavacano, a Spanish-based creole language spoken in the Philippines
Hezhou, based on Uyghur and relexified by Mandarin
Juba Arabic, based on Arabic spoken in and around Juba, South Sudan
Kanbun Kundoku, a method of annotating literary Chinese so that it can be read as Japanese
Nagamese Creole, based on Assamese, used in Nagaland, India
Negerhollands, a Dutch-based creole, once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands
Palenquero, a Spanish-based creole spoken in the town of San Basilio de Palenque
Sango language, Ngbandi-based creole language spoken in the Central African Republic
Unserdeutsch language, a German-based creole language spoken primarily in Australia and in parts in Papua New Guinea
Yilan Creole Japanese, spoken by Atayal indigenous people in Hanhsi village, Yilan County, Taiwan

Subgroups[]

Arabic-based creole languages, a creole language which was significantly influenced by the Arabic language
Dutch-based creole languages, a creole language that has been substantially influenced by the Dutch language
English-based creole languages, a creole language derived from the English language
French-based creole languages, a creole language based on the French language
Malay-based creole languages, regional varieties derived from a lingua franca called Bazaar Malay
Portuguese-based creole languages, creole languages which have Portuguese as superstrate language
Spanish-based creole languages, a number of creole languages are based on the Spanish language