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List of cryptids

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This is a list of cryptids, which are animals that cryptozoologists believe may exist somewhere in the wild, but are not believed to exist by mainstream science. Cryptozoology is a pseudoscience, which primarily looks at anecdotal stories, and other claims rejected by the scientific community. While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology, cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumor. Entities that may be considered cryptids by cryptozoologists include Bigfoot, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Mokele-mbembe.

Scholars have noted that the Cryptozoology subculture rejected mainstream approaches from an early date, and that adherents often express hostility to mainstream science. Scholars have studied cryptozoologists and their influence (including the pseudoscience's association with Young Earth creationism),[1][2] noted parallels in cryptozoology and other pseudosciences such as ghost hunting and ufology, and highlighted uncritical media propagation of cryptozoologist claims.

Some dictionaries and encyclopedias define the term "cryptid" as an animal whose existence is unsubstantiated.[3][4]

List

Animals

Aquatic or semi-aquatic

See also: List of lake monsters
Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Brosno dragon[5] Brosnya Lake monster Lake Brosno, Russia
Cadborosaurus[6] Caddy Sea animal Pacific Coast of North America Cadborosaurus October 1937.jpg
Champ[5][7] Champtanystropheus americanus, Champy Lake monster Lake Champlain, North America Artistic representation of Sandra Mansi's 1977 photograph of "Champ" lake monster.jpg
Dobhar-chú[8] Water Hound Extra-large otter-like carnivorous aquatic mammal Ireland
Igopogo[5] Kempenfelt Kelly Lake monster Lake Simcoe, Ontario (Canada)
Isshii[5] Issie Lake monster Japan
Kusshii[5] Kussie Lake monster Japan
Loch Ness Monster[9] Nessie Lake monster Loch Ness, Scotland Sculpture of the Loch Ness monster as a plesiosaurus
Loveland Frog[10] Loveland frogman, Loveland lizard Humanoid frog Loveland, Ohio Loveland frog.png
Mamlambo[5] Lake monster South Africa
Manipogo[5] Winnipogo Lake monster Lake Manitoba, Canada
Mokele-mbembe[6] Dinosaur Republic of the Congo Mokele-mbembe ill artlibre jnl.png
Nahuelito[5] Nahuel Huapi Lake Monster Lake monster Nahuel Huapi Lake, Argentina
Ningen[11] Humanoid Subantarctic
Ogopogo[5][7] N'ha•a•itk, Naitaka Lake monster Lake Okanagan, Canada
Sea serpents[12] Sea animals, dinosaurs All bodies of water Soe Orm 1555.jpg
Selma[5] Seljordsormen Lake monster Lake Seljord, Telemark, Norway
Steller's sea ape[13] Sea animal Pacific Ocean

Terrestrial

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Almas[5][7] Abnauayu, almasty, albasty, bekk-bok,
biabin-guli, golub-yavan, gul-biavan, auli-avan,
kaptar, kra-dhun, ksy-giik, ksy-gyik, ochokochi,
mirygdy, mulen, voita, wind-man, Zana 		Non-human ape or hominid Asia/Caucasus
Barmanou[5] Barmanu, Big Hairy One Ape or hominid Middle East/Asia
Beast of Bodmin Moor[14] Large felid Cornwall, England
Beast of Exmoor[15] Big cat England
Bigfoot[16] Sasquatch Large and hairy ape-like creature United States and Canada Pie Grande.jpg
British big cats[14] Alien big cats (ABCs), phantom cats, mystery cats, English lions,
Beast of Bodmin, Beast of Exmoor 		Carnivorous mammal Great Britain
Bukit Timah Monkey Man[17] BTM, BTMM Forest-dwelling hominid or other primate Singapore
Chuchunya[18][5] Large hominid Russia
Chupacabra[19] Chupacabras (Spanish for goat-sucker) Puerto Rico (originally),
South and Central America,
Southern North America 		Chupacabra (artist's rendition).jpg
Dover Demon[20] Dover, Massachusetts
Elwetritsch[21] Mammal Germany
Fouke Monster[22] Jonesville Monster, Southern Sasquatch, Boggy Creek Monster Hominid or other primate Arkansas, United States
Honey Island Swamp monster[23] Letiche, Tainted Keitre Hominid or other primate Louisiana, United States
Lizard Man of Scape Ore Swamp[24] Lizard Man of Lee County Bipedal South Carolina, United States
Michigan Dogman[25] Humanoid dog Wexford County, Michigan
Minhocão[5] Big Earthworm Caecilian South America
Mongolian death worm[15] Allghoi (or orghoi) khorkhoi Worm-like animal Gobi Desert (Asia)
Monkey-man of Delhi[15] Black Monkey Big black monkey Old Delhi, India
Orang Mawas[5] Mawas, Orang Dalam, Hantu Jarang Gigi Primate Malaysia
Skunk ape[26] Stink Ape, Myakka Ape, Myakka Skunk Ape Primate Florida, United States
Yeren[27][26] Yiren, Yeh Ren, Chinese Wildman Primate (possible hominin) China
Yeti[28] Abominable Snowman Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Himalayas (Asia) B5bugerbear.jpg
Yowie[29] Large and hairy human-like entity, various other descriptions Australia Yowie-statue-Kilcoy-Queensland.JPG

Winged

Name Other names Description Purported location Depiction
Jersey Devil[9] Leeds Devil Winged bipedal horse United States, mainly the South Jersey Pine Barrens, as well as other parts of New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania Jersey Devil Philadelphia Post 1909.jpg
Mothman[30] Popularized by John A. Keel's book The Mothman Prophecies Winged bipedal Mason County, West Virginia, United States Mothman Artist's Impression.png
Thunderbird[31][32] Giant bird North America

See also

References

  1. ^ Hill, Sharon A. (2017). Scientifical Americans: The Culture of Amateur Paranormal Researchers. McFarland. p. 66. ISBN 9781476630823.
  2. ^ Card, Jeb J. (2016). "Steampunk Inquiry: A Comparative Vivisection of Discovery Pseudoscience". In Card, Jeb J.; Anderson, David S. (eds.). Lost City, Found Pyramid: Understanding Alternative Archaeologies and Pseudoscientific Practices. University of Alabama Press. p. 32. ISBN 9780817319113. Creationists have embraced cryptozoology and some cryptozoological expeditions are funded by and conducted by creationists hoping to disprove evolution.
  3. ^ "Cryptid". Oxford Dictionaries Online. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  4. ^ "Sasquatch". Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "The world's greatest imaginary animals". Salon. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Loxton and Prothero (2015:261-295).
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c Michael Shermer; Pat Linse (November 2002). The Skeptic Encyclopedia of Pseudoscience, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 72. ISBN 9781576076538.
  8. ^ "Ireland's hound of deep - Dobhar Chu". Irish Central News. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b S.J. Velasquez (31 October 2015). "The monster you should never find". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
  10. ^ Haupt, R. "The Loveland Frog." Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, 30 Jun 2015. Web. 1 Sep 2021. <https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4473>
  11. ^ Greenland, Felicity; Hayward, Philip (23 September 2020). "Ningen: The generation of media-lore concerning a giant, sub-Antarctic, aquatic humanoid and its relation to Japanese whaling activity" (pdf). Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures. 14 (1): 133–151. doi:10.21463/shima.14.1.10. ISSN 1834-6057.
  12. ^ Loxton and Prothero (2015:228-326).
  13. ^ Nickell, Joe (Winter 2016–2017). "Steller's Sea Ape: Identifying an Eighteenth-Century Cryptid". Skeptical Briefs. Vol. 26 no. 4. Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b "Fantastic Cryptids And Where To Find Them". Forbes. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Cryptozoology: What else is out there?". TNT Magazine. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  16. ^ Loxton and Prothero (2015:29–70).
  17. ^ "On the hunt for the elusive Bukit Timah Monkey Man". Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  18. ^ O'Carroll, Eoin (28 September 2018). "Bigfoot and beyond: Why tales of wild men endure". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
  19. ^ Brian Regal (15 October 2009). Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia: A Critical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35508-0.
  20. ^ Sullivan, Mark (29 October 2006). "Decades later, the Dover Demon still haunts". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 6 August 2021.
  21. ^ Press, Clayton. "Oliver Laric Celebrates the Year of the Dog at Metro Pictures". Forbes. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  22. ^ Dunning, B. "The Boggy Creek Monster." Skeptoid Podcast. Skeptoid Media, 4 Mar 2014. Web. 1 Sep 2021. <https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4404>
  23. ^ Frances, Leary (December 2003). "The Honey Island Swamp Monster: The Development and Maintenance of Folk and Commodified Belief Tradition" (PDF) (Memorial University of Newfoundland): 4–6. Retrieved 18 March 2021. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  24. ^ Laycock, Joseph P. (11 July 2018). "A Search for Mysteries and Monsters in Small Town America". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  25. ^ Hudson, Alison (28 July 2015). "Skeptoid #477: Wag the Dogman". Skeptoid. Retrieved 22 June 2017.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b Caleb W. Lack; Jacques Rousseau, MA (8 March 2016). Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8.
  27. ^ "It's the monstrous new trend sweeping travel – what is cryptid-tourism?". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
  28. ^ Loxton, Daniel; Prothero, Donald (2013). Abominable Science: Origins of Yeti, Nessie, and other Famous Cryptids. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-52681-4.
  29. ^ Caleb W. Lack, PhD; Jacques Rousseau, MA (8 March 2016). Critical Thinking, Science, and Pseudoscience: Why We Can't Trust Our Brains. Springer Publishing Company. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8261-9426-8.
  30. ^ Kantrowitz, Lia; Fitzmaurice, Larry; Terry, Josh (16 January 2018). "People Keep Seeing the Mothman in Chicago". Vice. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
  31. ^ Noah Nez. "Thunderbirds". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  32. ^ "The mythic child-stealing Thunderbirds of Illinois". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 11 December 2018.

External links

  • The dictionary definition of cryptid at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Cryptozoology at Wikimedia Commons
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