List of cyber warfare forces

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Various countries around the world maintain military units that are specifically trained to operate in a Cyberwarfare environment. In several cases this units acts also as the national Computer emergency response team for civilian Cybersecurity threats.

Albania[]

  • Military Cyber Security Unit (Një e Sigurisë Kibernetike)[1]

Argentina[]

  • Joint Cyber Defense Command of the Armed Forces Joint Staff (Comando Conjunto de Ciberdefensa del Estado Mayor Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas)[2]
    • Cyberdefense Operations Center (Centro de Operaciones de Ciberdefensa)[2]
    • Cyberdefense Engineering Center (Centro de Ingenieria de Ciberdefensa)[2]
    • Security Operations Intelligent Center (Centro Inteligente de Operaciones de Seguridad)[3]
  • National Cyberdefense Center (Centro Nacional de Ciberdefensa)[3]
    • Informatic Energencies Response Center of the Defense Ministry (Centro de Respuesta ante Emergencias Informáticas del Minisetrio de Defensa)[3]
    • Cybernetic Analysis Laboratory (Laboratorio de Análisis Cibernéticos)[3]

Armenia[]

  • Subdivision 1991 (1991 Ստորաբաժանում - 1991 Storabazhanum)[4]

Australia[]

Austria[]

  • Information Communications Technologies and Cybersecurity Center (Informations-Kommunikations-Technologie und Cybersicherheitszentrum)[10]

Azerbaijan[]

  • Special State Protection Service - State Agency for Special Communications and Information Security (Xüsusi Dövlət Mühafizə - Xidməti Xüsusi Rabitə və İnformasiya Təhlükəsizliyi Dövlət Agentliyi)[11]

Belarus[]

  • Information Technology Specialized Company (Специализированную роту по информационной безопасности - Spetsializirovannuyu Rotu po Informatsionnoy Bezopasnosti)[12]

Belgium[]

  • Defense Cyber Directorate[13]

Bolivia[]

  • Cybersecurity and Cyberdefense Center (Centro de Ciberseguridad y Ciberdefensa) [14]

Brazil[]

  • Cybernetic Defense Command (Comando de Defesa Cibernética)[15]
    • National Cybernetic Defense School (Escola Nacional de Defesa Cibernética)[16]
    • Cybernetic Defense Center (Centro de Defesa Cibernética)[17]

Brunei[]

  • Air Force
    • Cyber Defence Unit[18]

Bulgaria[]

  • Stationary Communication Information System (Стационарна Комуникационна Информационна Система - Statsionarna Komunikatsionna Informatsionna Sistema)[19]

Canada[]

Chile[]

  • Cyberdefense Incidents Response Center (Centro de Respuesta a Incidencias de Ciberdefensa)[22]

China[]

  • People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (人民解放军战略支援部队 - Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Zhànlüè Zhīyuán Bùduì)[23]
    • People's Liberation Army Network System Department (人民解放军网络系统部 - Rénmín Jiěfàngjūn Wǎngluò Xìtǒng Bù)[23]
      • Unit 61489 (61489部队 - 61489 Bùduì)[24]
      • Unit 61786 (61786部队 - 61786 Bùduì)[23]
      • 56th Jiangan Computing Technologies Research Institute (第56江南计算技术研究所 - Dì 56 Jiāngnán Jìsuàn Jìshù Yánjiū Suǒ)[23]
      • 57th Research Institute (第57研究所 - Dì 57 Yánjiū Suǒ)[24]
      • 58th Research Institute (第58研究所 - Dì 58 Yánjiū Suǒ)[24]
      • Cyberspace Security Academy (网络空间安全学院 - Wǎngluò Kōngjiān Ānquán Xuéyuàn)[23]

Colombia[]

  • Joint Cybernetic Command (Comando Conjunto Cibernetico)[25]
    • National Army Cybernetic Unit (Unidad Cibernética Ejército Nacional)[25]
    • National Navy Cibernetic Unit (Unidad Cibernética Armada Nacional)[25]
    • Air Force Cybernetic Unit (Unidad Cibernética Fuerza Aérea)[25]
  • Communications and Cyberdefense Operational Support Command (Comando de Apoyo Operacional de Comunicaciones y Ciberdefensa)[26]

Croatia[]

  • Cybernetic Domain Command of the General Staff (Zapovjedništvo za Kibernetički Prostor Generalštaba)[27]

Cuba[]

  • Military Cyberdefense Command (Mando Militar de Ciberdefensa)[28][29]

Cyprus[]

  • Cyber Defense Command of the General Staff of National Defense (Διοίκηση Κυβερνοάμυνας του Γενικού Επιτελείου Εθνικής Άμυνας - Dioíkisi Kyvernoámynas tou Genikoú Epiteleíou Ethnikís Ámynas)[30]

Czech Republic[]

  • National Cyber Operations Centre (Národní Centrum Kybernetických Operací)[31]

Denmark[]

  • Cyber Security Center (Center for Cybersikkerhed)[32]

Dominican Republic[]

  • Armed Forces Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Cybersecurity and Intelligence Center (Centro de Comando, Control, Comunicaciones, Computadoras, Ciberseguridad e Inteligencia de las Fuerzas Armadas)[33]

Ecuador[]

  • Cyberdefense Command (Comando de Ciberdefensa)[25]

Estonia[]

Finland[]

  • Defense Forces Command System Center (Puolustusvoimien Johtamisjärjestelmäkeskus)[36]

France[]

  • Inter-service
    • Cyberdefence Command (Commandement de la Cyberdéfense)[37]
      • Armed Forces Cyberdefence Group (Groupement de la Cyberdéfense des Armées)[37]
        • Information Systems Security Audit Center (Centre d’Audits de la Sécurité des Systèmes d’Information)[37]
        • Defensive Computer Fighting Analysis Center (Centre d’Analyse en Lutte Informatique Défensive)[37]
        • Cyberdefense Reserve and Operational Readiness Center (Centre de la Réserve et de la Préparation Opérationnelle de Cyberdéfense)[37]
        • Main Inter-services Standardization Center(Centre d’Homologation Principale Interarmées)[37]
  • Army
    • Operational Center for Land Information and Communication Systems and Cybersecurity Networks (Centre Opérationnel des Réseaux SIC (Systèmes d’Information et de Communication) Terre et de Cybersécurité)[38]
    • 807th Signal Company ( 807e Compagnie de Transmission)[39]
  • Navy
    • Cyber Defense Support Center (Centre Support de Cyber-Défense)[40]
    • Cyber Defense Platoon, Commando Kieffer (Section de Cyberdéfense, Commando Kieffer)[41]
  • Air Force
    • Aerospace Environment Cyberdefence Center of Excellence (Centre d’Excellence en Cyberdéfense du Milieu Aérospatial)[42]

Georgia[]

  • Cyber Security Bureau[43]

Germany[]

  • Cyber and Information Domain Command (Kommando Cyber- und Informationsraum)[44]
    • Armed Forces Information Technology Command (Kommando Informationstechnik der Bundeswehr)[45]
      • Armed Forces Cyber Security Center (Zentrum für Cyber-Sicherheit der Bundeswehr)[46]
    • Strategic Reconnaissance Command (Kommando Strategische Aufklärung)[47]
      • Cyber Operations Center (Zentrum Cyber-Operationen)[48]

Greece[]

  • Cyber Defense Directorate of the General Staff of National Defense (Διεύθυνση Κυβερνοάμυνας του Γενικού Επιτελείου Εθνικής Άμυνας - Diéfthynsi Kyvernoámynas tou Genikoú Epiteleíou Ethnikís Ámynas)[49]

Guatemala[]

  • Computing and Technology Command (Comando de Informática y Tecnología)[50]

Hungary[]

  • Cyber Defense Center - Military National Security Service (Kibervédelmi Központ - Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat)[51]

India[]

Indonesia[]

  • Indonesian National Armed Forces Cyber Unit (Satuan Siber Tentara Nasional Indonesia)[54]
  • Indonesian Air Force Cyber Unit (Satuan Siber Tentara Nasional Indonesia-Angkatan Udara)[55]

Iran[]

Ireland[]

Israel[]

Italy[]

Inter-service

  • Network Operations Command (Comando per le Operazioni in Rete)[61]
    • Security and Cyber Defence Unit (Reparto Sicurezza e Cyber Defence)[62]
    • Cyber Operations Unit (Reparto Cyber Operations)[62]

Army

Navy

  • Cybernetic, Informatic and Signal Security Office (Ufficio Sicurezza Cibernetica, Informatica e delle Comunicazioni)[65]

Air Force

  • Automated Information Systems Unit (Reparto Sistemi Informativi Automatizzati)[66]

Japan[]

  • Japan Air Self-Defense Force (航空自衛隊 - Kōkū Jieitai)[67]
  • Self Defence Force Command and Communication System Department (自衛隊指揮通信システム隊 - Jieitai Shiki Tsūshin Shisutemu-Tai)[68]
    • Cyber Defense Team (サイバー防衛隊 - Saibā Bōei-Tai)[69]
    • Network Operations Team (ネットワーク運用隊 - Nettowāku Un'yō-Tai)[70]

Jordan[]

  • Armed Forces Computer Emergency Response Team[71]

Latvia[]

  • National Guard Cyberdefense Unit (Zemessardzes Kiberaizsardzības Vienība)[72]

Lithuania[]

  • Army Cyber Incidents Rapid Response Command (Kariuomenės Greitojo Reagavimo Į Kibernetinius Incidentus Komanda)[73]

Malaysia[]

  • Cyber and Electromagnetic Command (Pemerintahan Siber dan Elektromagnetik)[74]

Mexico[]

Inter-service

  • Cyberspace Operations Center (Centro de Operaciones del Ciberespacio)[75]

Navy

  • Cybersecurity Unit (Unidad de Ciberseguridad)[76]

Moldova[]

  • Armed Forces Cybernetic Incidents Reaction Center (Centru de Reacție la Incidente Cibernetice a Forțelor Armate)[77][78]

Morocco[]

  • Royal Armed Forces Cyber Center of Excellence[79]

NATO[]

Netherlands[]

New Zealand[]

  • Cyber Cell, 1st Command Support Regiment[87]

Nigeria[]

  • Cyber Warfare Command[88]

North Korea[]

  • Research Institute 110 (110호 연구소 - 110ho Yeonguso)[89]
    • 31st Technical Reconnaissance Office (기술정찰조 31소 - Gisuljeongchaljo 31so)[89]
    • 32nd Technical Reconnaissance Office (기술정찰조 32소 - Gisuljeongchaljo 32so)[89]
    • 56th Technical Reconnaissance Office (기술정찰조 56소 - Gisuljeongchaljo 56so)[89]


General Staff Department of the Korean People's Army:[90][91][92][93][94]


Reconnaissance General Bureau[e]:

  • Computer Technology Research Lab[93]
  • 6th Technical Bureau of the Reconnaissance General Bureau[100][97]
    • Bureau/Lab 110 / 110 Institute (Technology Reconnaissance Team, conducts computer network operations against military units and strategic organizations.[97][91])
  • 3rd Bureau of the RGB (AKA 3rd Technical Surveillance Bureau, responsible for North Korea’s cyber operations)[98]
    • 110th Research Center[98]
      • Lazarus Group[98]
        • Bluenoroff (earn revenue illicitly in response to increased global sanctions...)[98]
        • Andariel (See source for details)[98]

Others:

  • The Data Investigation Examination Office (conducts cyber espionage to collect intelligence on politics, economics, and societies abroad)[91]
  • KWP's Unification and United Front Department (cyber influence operations through social media and websites such as Uriminzokkiri, which is maintained by the party's Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Fatherland.[91])
  • The KWP Central Party Investigative Group[96]
    • Unit 35 (education and training).[92][96]
  • The State Security Department’s (secret police) communications monitoring and computer hacking group conducts cyber warfare, presumably in support of its mission of internal state security.[92][91]

Norway[]

  • Cyber Defense (Cyberforsvarets)[103]
    • Cyber Defense Computer Information Services (CIS) Regiment (Cyberforsvarets CIS-regiment) [103]
    • Cyber Security Center (Cybersikkerhetssenteret) [103]
    • Cyber Defense Weapons School (Cyberforsvarets Våpenskole) [103]
    • Cyber Defense Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Service (Cyberforsvarets IKT-tjenester) [103]
    • Cyber Defense Base and Alarm Service (Cyberforsvarets Base- og Alarmtjenester) [103]

Paraguay[]

  • General Directorate of Information and Communication Technologies of the Armed Forces (Dirección General de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación de las Fuerzas Armadas)[104]

Peru[]

  • Cyberdefense Operational Command (Comando Operacional de Ciberdefensa)[105]

Philippines[]

  • Army Cyber Defense Team[106]

Poland[]

  • Cybernetic Operations Center (Centrum Operacji Cybernetycznych)[107]
  • National Center for Cyberspace Security (Narodowe Centrum Bezpieczeństwa Cyberprzestrzeni)[108]
  • Defense Ministry Coordination Center for Computer Incident Response - Military Counterintelligence Service (Centrum Koordynacyjnego Systemu Reagowania na Incydenty Komputerowe Obrony Narodowej - Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego)[109]

Portugal[]

  • Cyberdefense Center - Armed Forces General Staff (Centro de Ciberdefensa – Estado Maior General das Forças Armadas)[110]
    • Computer Incident Response Capability - Army (CIRC Exercito)[110]
    • Computer Incident Response Capability - Navy (CIRC Marinha)[110]
    • Computer Incident Response Capability - Air Force (CIRC Força Aerea)[110]

Romania[]

  • Cybernetic Defense Command (Comandamentul Apărării Cibernetice)[111]
    • Informatic Technology Agency (Agenţia de Tehnologia Informaţiei)[112]
    • Cybernetic Defense Agency (Agenţia de Apărăre Cibernetică)[112]

Russian Federation[]

  • Information Operations Troops (Войска информационных операций - Voyska Informatsionnykh Operatsiy)[113]
    • Western Military District Cybersecurity Center (Западный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Zapadnyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[114]
    • Southern Military District Cybersecurity Center (Южный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Yuzhnyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[114]
    • Central Military District Cybersecurity Center (Центральный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Tsentral'nyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[114]
    • Eastern Military District Cybersecurity Center (Восточный военный округ центр киберзащиты – Vostochnyy Voyenny Okrug Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[114]
    • Joint Strategic Command “Northern Fleet” Cybersecurity Center (Объединённое стратегическое командование “Северный флот” центр киберзащиты - Ob"yedinonnoye Strategicheskoye Komandovaniye “Severnyy flot” Tsentr Kiberzashchity)[114]
    • Special Development Center of the Ministry of Defense (Центр специальных разработок Министерства обороны - Tsentr Spetsial'nykh Razrabotok Ministerstva Oborony)[115]
  • 6th Directorate - General Directorate of the General Staff (Шестое Управление-Главное управление Генерального штаба - Shestoye Upravleniye-Glavnoye Upravleniye General'nogo Shtaba)[116]
    • 85th Special Service Main Center – Military Unit 26165 (85-й главный центр специальной службы-Военная часть 26165 - 85-y Glavnyy Tsentr Spetsial'noy Sluzhby-Voyennaya Chast' 26165)[117]) [118]
    • Special Technologies Main Center – Military Unit 74455 (Главный центр специальных технологий-Военная часть 74455 - Glavnyy Tsentr Spetsial'nykh Tekhnologiy-Voyennaya Chast' 74455)[119]

Serbia[]

Singapore[]

  • Defence Cyber Organisation[121]
    • Cyber Defence Group[121]
    • Armed Forces Cyber Defence School[122]

Slovakia[]

  • Military Intelligence Cybernetic Defense Center (Centrum pre Kybernetickú Obranu - Vojenského Spravodajstva )[123]

South Africa[]

  • Directorate Information Warfare[124]

Slovenia[]

  • Communication and Information Systems Unit (Enota za Komunikacijske in Informacijske Sisteme)[125]
    • Cyber Defence Centre (Center za Kibernetsko Obrambo)
    • Threat Research Centre (Center za Raziskovanje Groženj)

South Korea[]

  • Cyber Operations Command (사이버 작전 사령부 - Saibeo Jagjeon Salyeongbu)[126]
    • 500th Center (Cyber Defense Operations Office) (500센터(사이버방어작전 담당) – 500 Senteo Saibeobang-Eojagjeon Damdang)) [127]
    • 700th Center (Cyber Threats Information Management Office) (700센터(사이버위협정보 담당) – 700 Senteo (Saibeo Wihyeob Jeongbo Damdang))[127]

Spain[]

Inter-service

  • Joint Cyberspace Command (Mando Conjunto del Ciberespacio)[128]
    • Cyberspace Operations Force (Fuerza de Operaciones en el Ciberespacio)[129]
    • Cyberdefense Systems Command (Jefatura de Sistemas de Ciberdefensa)[129]
  • Army
    • 32nd Electronic Warfare Regiment (Regimiento de Guerra Electrónica nº 32)[130]
  • Navy
    • Cyberdefense Section (Sección de Ciberdefensa)[131]
  • Air Force
    • Cyberdefense Security Operations Center (Centro de Operaciones de Seguridad de Ciberdefensa)[132]

Sri Lanka[]

Sweden[]

  • Information TechnologiesDefense Forces (Informationsteknikförsvarsförbandet)[134]
  • Information Systems Defense Force (Informationssystemförband)[134]

Switzerland[]

  • Command Support Base (Führungsunterstützungsbasis - Base d'Aide au Commandement - Base d'Aiuto alla Condotta)[135]
    • Cyber Security Division
    • Cyber Fusion Center
    • Cyber Battalion 42

Taiwan (Republic of China)[]

  • Information Communication and Electronic Warfare Command (信息和电子战司令部 - Xìnxī Hé Diànzǐ Zhàn Sīlìng Bù)[136]

Thailand[]

  • Army Cyber Center (ศูนย์ไซเบอร์กองทัพบก - Ṣ̄ūny̒ Sịbexr̒ Kxngthạph Bk)[137]

Turkey[]

  • Cyber Defence Command (Siber Savunma Komutanlığı)[138]
    • Cyber Defence Center (Siber Savunma Merkezi)[139]

Ukraine[]

United Kingdom[]

Army

Navy

  • Cyber Defence Operations Center[143]

Air Force

  • Air Cyber and Information Services Operations Centre[144]
    • No. 5 (Information Services) Squadron[145]
  • 591 Defensive Cyber Air Combat Service Support Unit[144]

Inter-service

United States[]

Inter-service

Army

  • U.S. Army Cyber Command[156]
  • U.S. Army Cyber Center of Excellence[162]
  • Multi-Domain Task Force 1[166]
    • Intelligence, Information, Cyber, Electronic Warfare and Space Battalion[167]
      • Information Defense Company[168]
  • Army Reserve
    • Cyber Protection Brigade[169][170]
      • North East Cyber Protection Center[171]
        • Cyber Protection Team 180[169]
        • Cyber Protection Team 181[169]
      • National Capital Region Cyber Protection Center[172]
        • Cyber Protection Team 182[169]
        • Cyber Protection Team 183[169]
      • South West Cyber Protection Center[172]
        • Cyber Protection Team 184[169]
        • Cyber Protection Team 185[169]
      • North Central Cyber Protection Center[169]
        • Cyber Protection Team 186[169]
        • Cyber Protection Team 187[169]
      • Western Cyber Protection Center[172]
        • Cyber Protection Team 188[169]
        • Cyber Protection Team 189[169]
      • Arizona Cyber Warfare Range[172]
  • Army National Guard
    • 91st Cyber Brigade (Virginia NG)[173]
      • 123rd Cyber Protection Battalion (Virginia NG)[174]
      • 124th Cyber Protection Battalion (Virginia NG)[175]
      • 125th Cyber Protection Battalion (South Carolina NG)[176]
      • 126th Cyber Protection Battalion (Massachusetts NG)[177]
      • 127th Cyber Protection Battalion (Indiana NG)[178]
      • Cyber Protection Team 169 (Maryland NG)[179]
      • Cyber Protection Team 170 (Georgia NG)[180]
      • Cyber Protection Team 171 (California NG)[181]
      • Cyber Protection Team 172 (Michigan NG)[182]
      • Cyber Protection Team 173 (New York NG)[183]
      • Cyber Protection Team 174 (Colorado and Utah NG)[184][185]
      • Cyber Protection Team 175 (Alabama, Kentucky and Tennessee NG)[186]
      • Cyber Protection Team 176 (Illinois and Wisconsin NG)[187][188]
      • Cyber Protection Team 177 (Minnesota NG)[189]
      • Cyber Protection Team 178 (Mississippi NG)[190]
      • Cyber Protection Team 179 (Nebraska NG)[191]
    • Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Colorado NG)[192]
    • Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Florida NG)[193]
    • Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Oklahoma NG)[194]
    • Defensive Cyber Operations Element (Pennsylvania NG)[195]
    • Defensive Cyber Operations Element (West Virginia NG)[196]
    • Cyber Mission Assurance Team (Ohio NG)[197]
    • Cyber Mission Assurance Team (Hawaii NG)[198]
    • Cyber Mission Assurance Team (Washington NG)[199]

Navy

  • U.S. Fleet Cyber Command – Tenth Fleet[200]
    • Naval Network Warfare Command (Task Force 1010)[201]
    • Navy Cyber Defense Operations Command (Task Force 1020)[202]
    • Cryptological Warfare Group Six (Task Force 1060)[203]
      • Cyber Strike Activity Sixty Three [204]
      • Cyber Defense Activity Sixty Four,[204] including:
        • Cyber Defense Activity Sixty Four - Detachment 1 (U.S. Navy Reserve) [205]
    • Naval Cyber Warfare Development Group (Task Force 1090)[206]
    • Navy Information Operations Command Texas (Task Force 1040)[207]
    • Navy Information Operations Command Georgia (Task Force 1050)[208]
    • Navy Information Operations Command Hawaii (Task Force 1070)[209]
    • Navy Information Operations Command Colorado (Task Group 101)[210]
    • Navy Information Operations Command Whidbey Island (Task Group 102)[211]
    • Navy Information Operations Command Pensacola (Task Group 103)[212]

Air Force

Marines

  • Marine Corps Forces Cyberspace Command[281]
    • Marine Corps Cyberspace Operations Group[282]
    • Marine Corps Cyberspace Warfare Group[283]
  • Marine Forces Reserve
    • Defensive Cybersecurity Operations Company A[284]
    • Defensive Cybersecurity Operations Company B[284]

Coast Guard

  • U.S. Coast Guard Cyber Command[285]
  • U.S. Coast Guard Office of Cyberspace Forces[286]

Space Force

Uruguay[]

  • Defense Informatic Security Incidents Response Team (Equipo de Respuesta a Incidentes de Seguridad Informática de Defensa)[292]

Venezuela[]

  • Joint Cyberdefense Directorate (Dirección Conjunta de Ciberdefensa)[293]
    • Cyberdefense Operations Division (División de Operaciones de Ciberdefensa)[294]
    • Information Security Management Division (División de Gestión de Seguridad Informática)[294]
    • Investigation and Development Division (División de Investigación y Desarrollo)[294]

Vietnam[]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ AKA 563rd Unit, conducts operations against populations in territories occupied by the KPA, assesses reactionaries, and seeks out KPA supporters.[95]
  2. ^ According to others, Unit 204 may be under: KWP United Front Department’s Operations Bureau,[92] Enemy Operations Department[91][a], or Unification Bureau’s Operations Department[96]
  3. ^ cyber psychological and information warfare operations,[92][96] using phishing e-mails against the Korean military,[91] and research.[96]
  4. ^ AKA General Staffs Electronic Warfare Department, responsible for military communications, system penetration programs, and electronic warfare operations, composed of two brigade-level electronic warfare units with 600 staff members each, one in Sangwön, South P'yöng'an Province and one in Nampo City[91][92][94]
  5. ^ RGB; 정찰총국; military spy agency controlled by the regime’s Defense Ministry[97][96] and North Korea’s primary (foreign-)intelligence bureau/agency.[98][99]
  6. ^ collects intelligence and conducts offensive cyber operations penetrating adversary networks and infecting networks with malware[96]
  7. ^ Cyber attack unit[91] / headquarters of North Korea’s hacking operations[97][96] in Mangkyungdae district of Pyongyang.[96]

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