Royal Australian Navy

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Royal Australian Navy
2002 RAN badge.jpg
Founded10 July 1911
Country Australia
BranchNavy
RoleNaval warfare
Size13,650 Permanent personnel[1]
2,925 Reserve personnel[1]
45 commissioned ships
3 non-commissioned ships
Part ofAustralian Defence Force
HeadquartersRussell Offices, Canberra
Motto(s)Serving Australia with Pride
March"Royal Australian Navy"
Anniversaries10 July
Engagements
  • First World War
  • Second World War
  • Korean War
  • Malayan Emergency
  • Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation
  • Vietnam War
  • Gulf War
  • War in Afghanistan
  • Iraq War
Websitewww.navy.gov.au
Commanders
Commander-in-chiefGovernor-General David Hurley as representative of Elizabeth II as Queen of Australia[2]
Chief of the Defence ForceGeneral Angus Campbell
Vice Chief of the Defence ForceVice Admiral David Johnston
Chief of NavyVice Admiral Michael Noonan
Deputy Chief of NavyRear Admiral
Commander Australian FleetRear Admiral Mark Hammond
Insignia
Naval ensignNaval Ensign of Australia.svg
Naval jackFlag of Australia (converted).svg
Queen's Colour
Queen's Colour for the Royal Australian Navy.svg
Aircraft flown
ReconnaissanceSikorsky MH-60R Seahawk
TrainerAirbus Helicopters EC135 T2+
TransportMRH-90 Taipan

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the principal naval force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Australian Army and Royal Australian Air Force. The Navy is commanded by the Chief of Navy (CN), who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) who commands the ADF;[3] the current CN is Vice Admiral Michael Noonan. The CN is also directly responsible to the Minister of Defence, with the Department of Defence administering the ADF and the Navy.

Formed in 1901, as the Commonwealth Naval Forces, through the amalgamation of the Australian colonial navies following federation; it was granted its current title in 1911. Originally intended for local defence, it became increasingly responsible for the defence of the region as the United Kingdom started to diminish its forces in the Pacific.

The Royal Navy’s Australian Squadron, which was assigned to the Australia Station, provided support to the RAN until naval ships purchased from Britain arrived. The Australian and New Zealand governments helped to fund the Australian Squadron until 1913, while the Admiralty committed itself to keeping the Squadron at a constant strength. The Australian Squadron ceased on 4 October 1913, when RAN ships entered Sydney Harbour for the first time.[4] The Royal Navy continued to provide blue-water defence capability in the Pacific up to the early years of the Second World War. Then, rapid wartime expansion saw the acquisition of large surface vessels and the building of many smaller warships. In the decade following the war, the RAN acquired a small number of aircraft carriers, the last of which was decommissioned in 1982.

Today, the RAN consists of 46 commissioned vessels, 3 non-commissioned vessels and over 16,000 personnel. The navy is one of the largest and most sophisticated naval forces in the South Pacific region, with a significant presence in the Indian Ocean and worldwide operations in support of military campaigns and peacekeeping missions.

History[]

Main article: History of the Royal Australian Navy

Formation[]

The Commonwealth Naval Forces were established on 1 March 1901, with the amalgamation of the six separate colonial naval forces, following the Federation of Australia, the Royal Australian Navy initially consisted of the former New South Wales, Victorian, Queensland, Western Australian, South Australian and Tasmanian ships and resources of their, disbanded, navies.

The established the operation and command structure of the Royal Australian Navy.[5] When policy makers sought to determine the newly established force's requirements and purpose, a period of uncertainty followed, with the debate focusing upon whether Australia's naval force would be structured mainly for local defence or designed to serve as a fleet unit within a larger imperial force, controlled centrally by the British Admiralty.[6] In 1908–09, the decision was made to pursue a compromise solution, and the Australian government agreed to establish a force that would be used for local defence but which would be capable of forming a fleet unit within the imperial naval strategy, albeit without central control. As a result, the navy's force structure was set at "one battlecruiser, three light cruisers, six destroyers and three submarines". The first of the RAN's new vessels, the destroyer Yarra, was completed in September 1910.[7] On 10 July 1911, King George V granted the service the title of "Royal Australian Navy".[8]

World War I[]

By the outbreak of the First World War the majority of the RAN's planned new fleet had been realised.[7] The Australian Squadron was placed under control of the British Admiralty,[9] and initially it was tasked with capturing many of Germany's South Pacific colonies and protecting Australian shipping from the German East Asia Squadron. Later in the war, most of the RAN's major ships operated as part of Royal Navy forces in the Mediterranean and North Seas, and then later in the Adriatic, and then the Black Sea following the surrender of the Ottoman Empire.[7]

Interwar years[]

In 1919, the RAN received a force of six destroyers, three sloops and six submarines from the Royal Navy,[10] but throughout the 1920s and early 1930s, the RAN was drastically reduced in size due to a variety of factors including political apathy and economic hardship as a result of the Great Depression.[11] In this time the focus of Australia's naval policy shifted from defence against invasion to trade protection,[12] and several fleet units were sunk as targets or scrapped. By 1923, the size of the navy had fallen to eight vessels,[11] and by the end of the decade it had fallen further to five, with just 3,500 personnel.[12] In the late 1930s, as international tensions increased, the RAN was modernised and expanded, with the service receiving primacy of funding over the Army and Air Force during this time as Australia began to prepare for war.[12]

World War II[]

Early in the Second World War, RAN ships again operated as part of Royal Navy formations, many serving with distinction in the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, and off the West African coast.[13] Following the outbreak of the Pacific War and the virtual destruction of Allied naval forces in south-east Asia, the RAN operated more independently, defending against Axis naval activity in Australian waters, or participating in United States Navy offensives. As the navy took on an even greater role, it was expanded significantly and at its height the RAN was the fourth-largest navy in the world, with 39,650 personnel operating 337 warships.[12] A total of 34 vessels were lost during the war, including three cruisers and four destroyers.[14]

Post war to present[]

After the Second World War, the size of the RAN was again reduced, but it gained new capabilities with the acquisition of two aircraft carriers, Sydney and Melbourne.[15] The RAN saw action in many Cold War–era conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region and operated alongside the Royal Navy and United States Navy off Korea, Malaysia, and Vietnam.[16] Since the end of the Cold War, the RAN has been part of Coalition forces in the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean, operating in support of Operation Slipper and undertaking counter piracy operations. It was also deployed in support of Australian peacekeeping operations in East Timor and the Solomon Islands.[17]

The high demand for personnel in the Second World War led to the establishment of the Women's Royal Australian Naval Service (WRANS) branch in 1942, where over 3,000 women served in shore-based positions. The WRANS was disbanded in 1947, but then re-established in 1951 during the Cold War. It was given permanent status in 1959, and the RAN was the final branch to integrate women in the Australian military in 1985.[18]

Structure[]

Command structure[]

The strategic command structure of the RAN was overhauled during the New Generation Navy changes.[19] The RAN is commanded through Naval Headquarters (NHQ) in Canberra.[20] The professional head is the Chief of Navy (CN), who holds the rank of vice admiral.[21] NHQ is responsible for implementing policy decisions handed down from the Department of Defence and for overseeing tactical and operational issues that are the purview of the subordinate commands.[22]

Beneath NHQ are two subordinate commands:

  • Fleet Command: fleet command is led by Commander Australian Fleet (COMAUSFLT). COMAUSFLT holds the rank of rear admiral; previously, this post was Flag Officer Commanding HM's Australian Fleet (FOCAF), created in 1911,[23] but the title was changed in 1988 to the Maritime Commander Australia. On 1 February 2007, the title changed again, becoming Commander Australian Fleet.[24] The nominated at-sea commander is Commodore Warfare (COMWAR), a one-star deployable task group commander. Fleet command has responsibility to CN for the full command of assigned assets, and to Joint Operations command for the provision of operationally ready forces.
  • Navy Strategic Command: the administrative element overseeing the RAN's training, engineering and logistical support needs. Instituted in 2000, the Systems Commander was appointed at the rank of commodore; in June 2008, the position was upgraded to the rank of rear admiral.

Fleet Command was previously made up of seven Force Element Groups, but after the New Generation Navy changes, this was restructured into four Force Commands:[25]

  • Fleet Air Arm (previously known as the Australian Navy Aviation Group), responsible for the navy's aviation assets and capability. As of 2018, the FAA consists of two front line helicopter squadrons (one focused on anti-submarine and anti-shipping warfare and the other a transport unit), two training squadrons and a trials squadron.[26]
  • Mine Warfare, Clearance Diving, Hydrographic, Meteorological and Patrol Forces, an amalgamation of the previous Patrol Boat, Hydrographic, and Mine Warfare and Clearance Diving Forces, operating what are collectively termed the RAN's "minor war vessels"
  • Submarine Force, (Royal Australian Navy Submarine Service) operating the Collins-class submarines
  • Surface Force, covering the RAN's surface combatants (generally ships of frigate size or larger)

Fleet[]

The Royal Australian Navy consists of nearly 50 commissioned vessels and over 16,000 personnel. [27] Ships commissioned into the RAN are given the prefix HMAS (His/Her Majesty's Australian Ship).[28]

The RAN has two primary bases for its fleet: the first, Fleet Base East, is located at HMAS Kuttabul, Sydney and the second, Fleet Base West, is located at HMAS Stirling, near Perth.[29][30] In addition, three other bases are home to the majority of the RAN's minor war vessels: HMAS Cairns, in Cairns,HMAS Coonawarra, in Darwin, and HMAS Waterhen, in Sydney.[31][32][33]

Clearance Diving Branch[]

Clearance Divers during a ship boarding exercise in 2006 as a part of RIMPAC exercises.
Main article: Clearance Diving Branch (RAN)

The Clearance Diving Branch is composed of two Clearance Diving Teams (CDT) that serve as parent units for naval clearance divers:

  • Clearance Diving Team 1 (AUSCDT ONE), based at HMAS Waterhen in New South Wales; and
  • Clearance Diving Team 4 (AUSCDT FOUR), based at HMAS Stirling in Western Australia.

When clearance divers are sent into combat, Clearance Diving Team Three (AUSCDT THREE) is formed.

The CDTs have two primary roles:

  • Mine counter-measures (MCM) and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD); and
  • Maritime tactical operations.

Personnel[]

A female RAN officer in 2014. Women serve in the RAN in combat roles and at sea.

As of June 2011, the RAN has 14,215 permanent full-time personnel, 161 gap year personnel, and 2,150 reserve personnel.[34] The permanent full-time force consisted of 3,357 commissioned officers, and 10,697 enlisted personnel.[34] In June 2010, male personnel made up 82% of the permanent full-time force, while female personnel made up 18%.[35] The RAN has the highest percentage of women in the ADF, compared to the RAAF's 17.8% and the Army's 9.7%.[35]

The following are the current senior Royal Australian Navy officers:

Ranks and uniforms[]

Royal Australian Navy sailors in 2010
See also: Australian Defence Force ranks

The uniforms of the Royal Australian Navy are very similar in cut, colour and insignia to their British Royal Navy forerunners. However, beginning with the Second World War, all RAN personnel began wearing shoulder flashes reading Australia, a practice continuing today. These are cloth arcs at shoulder height on uniforms, metallic gold on officers' shoulder boards, and embroidered on shoulder slip-ons.

Commissioned officers[]

Commissioned officers of the Australian Navy have pay grades ranging from S-1 to O-11. The only O-11 position in the navy is honorary and has only ever been held by royalty, most recently being held by The Duke of Edinburgh.[citation needed] The highest position occupied in the current Royal Australian Navy structure is O-9, a vice admiral who serves as the Chief of the Navy. O-8 (rear admiral) to O-11 (admiral of the fleet) are referred to as flag officers, O-5 (commander) and above are referred to as senior officers, while S-1 (midshipman) to O-4 (lieutenant commander) are referred to as junior officers. All officers of the navy receive a commission from Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. The commissioning scroll issued in recognition of the commission is signed by the Governor General of Australia as Commander-in-Chief and the serving Minister for Defence.[citation needed]

Naval officers are trained at the Royal Australian Naval College (HMAS Creswell) in Jervis Bay and the Australian Defence Force Academy in Canberra.[37]

NATO Code OF-10 OF-9 OF-8 OF-7 OF-6
Australia Flag Officer rank insignia Royal Australian Navy OF-10.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-10.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-9.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-9.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-8.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-8.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-7.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-7.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-6.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-6.svg
Rank title: Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Commodore
Abbreviation: AF ADML VADM RADM CDRE
NATO Code OF-5 OF-4 OF-3 OF-2 OF-1 OF(D)
Officer rank: Royal Australian Navy OF-5.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-5.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-4.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-4.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-3.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-3.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-2.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-2.svg Royal Australian Navy OF-1.svg Royal Australian Navy (sleeves) OF-1.svg Royal Australian Navy OF (D).svg
Rank title Captain Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant/Acting Sub Lieutenant Midshipman
Abbreviation CAPT CMDR LCDR LEUT SBLT/ASLT MIDN

Other ranks[]

NATO Code OR-9 OR-8 OR-7 OR-6 OR-5 OR-4 OR-3 OR-2 OR-1
Australia Other Ranks Insignia Royal Australian Navy OR-9b.svg Royal Australian Navy OR-9a.svg Royal Australian Navy OR-8.svg Petty Officer Leading Seaman Able Seaman Seaman No insignia
Rank Title: Warrant Officer of the Navy Warrant Officer Chief Petty Officer Petty Officer Leading Seaman Able Seaman Seaman Recruit
Abbreviation: WO-N WO CPO PO LS AB SMN RCT
Royal Australian Navy sailors from HMAS Sydney during Operation Northern Trident 2009

Royal Australian Navy Other Ranks wear "right arm rates" insignia, called "Category Insignia" to indicate speciality training qualifications.[38][better source needed] The use pattern mirrors that of the Royal Navy, and has since formation.[citation needed] Stars or a Crown are added to these to indicate higher qualifications.[citation needed]

Special insignia[]

The Warrant Officer of the Navy (WO-N) is an appointment held by the most senior sailor in the RAN, and holds the rank of warrant officer (WO). However, the WO-N does not wear the WO rank insignia; instead, they wear the special insignia of the appointment.[39] The WO-N appointment has similar equivalent appointments in the other services, each holding the rank of warrant officer, each being the most senior sailor/soldier/airman in that service, and each wearing their own special insignia rather than their rank insignia. The Australian Army equivalent is the Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (RSM-A)[40] and the Royal Australian Air Force equivalent is the Warrant Officer of the Air Force (WOFF-AF).[41]

Chaplains[]

depiction of RAN Chaplains shoulder rank slide

Chaplains in the Royal Australian Navy are commissioned officers who complete the same training as other officers in the RAN at the Royal Australian Naval College, HMAS Creswell. RAN regulations group RAN chaplains with commanders for purposes of protocol such as marks of respect (saluting); however, RAN chaplains have no other rank other than "chaplain", and their rank emblem is identifiable by a Maltese cross with gold anchor. Senior chaplains are grouped with captains, and principal chaplains are grouped with commodores, but their chaplain rank slide remains the same. Principal chaplains, however, have gold braid on the peak of their white service cap.[citation needed]

Uniforms[]

Main article:

Ships and equipment[]

Current ships[]

Further information: Current Royal Australian Navy ships

The RAN currently operates 46 commissioned vessels, made up of nine ship classes and three individual ships, plus three non-commissioned vessels. In addition, DMS Maritime operates a large number of civilian-crewed vessels under contract to the Australian Defence Force.

Image Class/name Type Number Entered service Details
HMAS Collins, Collins class
 Collins class Submarine 6 2000 Anti-shipping, intelligence collection. Diesel-electric powered.
HMAS Canberra, Canberra class
 Canberra class Landing helicopter dock 2 2014 Amphibious warfare ships with aircraft carrier capacity.
HMAS Hobart December 2017.jpg
 Hobart class Destroyer 3 2017 Air Warfare Destroyer.[42]
HMAS Perth, Anzac class
 Anzac class Frigate 8 1996 Anti-submarine and anti-aircraft frigate with 1 helicopter. Two more were built for the Royal New Zealand Navy.
HMAS Broome, Armidale class
 Armidale class Patrol boat 12 2005 Coastal defence, maritime border, and fishery protection.
HMAS Yarra, Huon class
 Huon class Minehunter 4 (2) 1997 Minehunting. Four active, two laid up.
HMAS Leeuwin, Leeuwin class
 Leeuwin class Survey ship 2 2000 Hydrographic survey
HMAS Benalla, Paluma class
 Paluma class Survey launch 4 1989 Hydrographic survey
HMAS Choules FBE 2014
 HMAS Choules
(Bay class)		 Landing ship dock 1 2011 Heavy sealift and transport
HMAS Sirius
 HMAS Sirius Naval oiler 1 2006 Replenishment at sea and afloat support. Modified commercial tanker.
HMAS Stalwart
 Supply class Replenishment oiler 1 2021 Replenishment at sea and afloat support. 1 more ordered.
Non-commissioned vessels
ABFC Cape St George, Cape class
 Cape class Patrol boat 2 2017 Maritime border, and fishery protection augmenting the Armidale class. 6 more ordered.[43]
STS Young Endeavour
 STS Young Endeavour Tall Ship 1 1988 Sail training ship

Aviation[]

Main article: Fleet Air Arm (RAN)
Image Squadron Equipment Number Role Details
N48-005 at the 2016 ADFA Open Day.jpg 816 Squadron MH-60R 8 of 24 Ship-borne ASW and ASuW helicoper 24 MH-60Rs acquired to provide up to 8 deployable helicopters. The 24 helicopters rotate between squadrons with 8 operational, 8 in 725 for training and 8 undergoing maintenance[44][45]
Australian MRH-90 lands on USS Green Bay (LPD-20) in July 2015.JPG 808 Squadron MRH-90 6 Transport and resupply
Training Squadrons
N48-005 at the 2016 ADFA Open Day.jpg 725 Squadron MH-60R 8 of 24 Conversion training +8 in maintenance
Joint Helicopter Aircrew Training School (N52-014) Airbus Helicopter EC135T2+ at Wagga Wagga Airport.jpg 723 Squadron EC-135T2+ 15 Helicopter aircrew training
Experimental Squadron
US Navy 1005268-N-RC844-159 A Scan Eagle Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).jpg 822X Squadron ScanEagle Unmanned aerial vehicles trials
Schiebel CAMCOPTER S-100.jpg S-100 Camcopter

Small arms[]

RAN personnel utilise the following small arms:[46]

  • EF88 Austeyr
  • F89A1 Minimi
  • Browning Hi-Power
  • 870P Shotgun
  • M2HB-QCB
  • M4A1 Carbine
  • MAG 58

Future[]

Main article: Future of the Royal Australian Navy

There are currently several major projects underway that will see upgrades to RAN capabilities:

  • Project SEA 1180 Phase 1 is building twelve Arafura-class offshore patrol vessels based on the Lürssen OPV80 design, to replace Armidale-class patrol boats. Construction started in November 2018, with the first vessel, HMAS Arafura to enter service in Q4 2021.[47]
  • Project SEA 1429 Phase 2 is upgrading the Collins-class submarines with the Mk48 Mod 7 CBASS torpedo.[48] Initial Operational Capability (IOC) was achieved in May 2008[48] with Final Operational Capability (FOC) due in December 2018, 60 months late.[48]
  • Project SEA 1439 Phase 3 is upgrading the Collins-class submarine platform systems to improve 'reliability, sustainability, safety and capability'. IOC was achieved in October 2007, FOC is due in September 2022.[49]
  • Project SEA 1439 Phase 4A is replacing the Collins-class submarines' combat system with the AN/BYG-1(V)8 developed in conjunction with the US Navy[50] IOC Expected to achieve Final Operating Capability in December 2018.[51] IOC was in May 2008 with FOC planned for December 2018.
  • Project SEA 1654 Phase 3 is acquiring two Supply-class replenishment ships based on the Spanish Cantabria-class oiler. HMAS Supply was launched in November 2018[52] and will replace HMAS Success, while the second, HMAS Stalwart will replace HMAS Sirius.
  • Project SEA 5000 Phase 1 is acquiring nine Hunter-class frigates based on the British Type 26 Global Combat Ship, to replace the Anzac-class frigates in the late 2020s. The vessels will be built in Adelaide by BAE Systems, with the first three to be named HMA Ships Hunter, Flinders and Tasman.[53]
  • Project SEA 1000 is the procurement of twelve submarines of the Attack-class, a diesel-electric version of the French Barracuda-class nuclear submarine which should enter service in the 2030s, with the first boat to be named HMAS Attack.
  • On the 1 May 2020, the Minister for Defence announced that 6 evolved Cape-class patrol boats had been ordered as a form of economic stimulus following the economic impact of the 2019-2020 Coronavirus Pandemic. The 6 ships are worth around $350 Million and will be built by Austal in Henderson, Western Australia.[43]
  • Project SEA 1905 is the acquisition of a further 2 Arafura-class offshore patrol vessels in a mine counter-measures configuration.[54]
  • Project SEA 2400 is the Hydrographic Data Collection Capability Program which includes the introduction of a Strategic Military Survey Capability(SMSB) to replace the Leeuwin-class survey vessels.[54]

Current operations[]

Main article: Current Australian Defence Force deployments

The RAN currently has forces deployed on four major operations:[55]

  • Operation Highroad: Australia's commitment to the International Coalition forces in the Afghanistan War;
  • Operation Resolute: border protection;
  • Operation Manitou: counter-piracy, counter-terrorism and maritime stability in the Middle East; and
  • Operation Accordion: support operation to provide sustainment to forces deployed on Operations Highroad and Manitou.

See also[]

References[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Defence Annual Reports 2017-2018. Department of Defence. 2018. p. 29.
  2. ^ "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act – Section 68: Command of naval and military forces". Austlii. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Defence Act (1903) – SECT 9 Command of Defence Force and arms of Defence Force". Australasian Legal Institute. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  4. ^ Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (2008). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History (2nd ed.). South Melbourne, VIC: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551784-2. OCLC 271822831.
  5. ^ "Defence Act 1903". Federal Register of Legislation. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  6. ^ Dennis et al 1995, p. 516.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c Whitley 2000, p. 17.
  8. ^ Stevens, David. "The R.A.N. – A Brief History". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  9. ^ Dennis et al 1995, p. 517.
  10. ^ Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 193.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 61.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Dennis et al 1995 p. 518.
  13. ^ Gillett & Graham 1977, pp. 69–76.
  14. ^ Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 93.
  15. ^ Gillett & Graham 1977, p. 94.
  16. ^ Dennis et al 1995, pp. 519–520.
  17. ^ "Database of Royal Australian Navy Operations, 1990–2005" (PDF). Working Paper No. 18. Sea Power Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  18. ^ Dennis et al 1995, pp. 607–608.
  19. ^ Sea Power Centre, Australia (April 2009). "The Spirit of the Navy" (PDF). Semaphore. Australian Government Department of Defence (5). Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  20. ^ "Navy Strategic Command". Royal Australian Navy. Australian Government Department of Defence. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2019. Navy Strategic Command [...] is headquartered in Canberra
  21. ^ "Senior Leadership Team". Royal Australian Navy. Australian Government Department of Defence. 26 July 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2019. The Chief of Navy Australia is the most senior appointment in the Royal Australian Navy. The rank associated with the position is Vice Admiral (3-star).
  22. ^ "Defence Organisational Structure Chart" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Defence. Commonwealth of Australia. 17 December 2018. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
  23. ^ C L Cumberlege Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  24. ^ "Top Stories". Archived from the original on 10 March 2007.
  25. ^ Australian Maritime Doctrine. p. 124.
  26. ^ "Fleet Air Arm". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 30 October 2018.
  27. ^ https://www.navy.gov.au/fleet
  28. ^ Frame 2004, p. 96.
  29. ^ "Fleet Base East". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  30. ^ "Fleet Base West". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  31. ^ "HMAS Cairns". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  32. ^ "HMAS Coonawarra". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  33. ^ "HMAS Waterhen". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  34. ^ Jump up to: a b Department of Defence (2011). Portfolio Budget Statements 2011–12: Defence Portfolio (PDF). Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-642-29739-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 September 2011.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b "Defence Annual Report 2009-2010, Appendix 7, Table A7.3".
  36. ^ Jump up to: a b Navy, corporateName=Royal Australian. "News". www.navy.gov.au.
  37. ^ "Navy Training: Officer Training". Defence Jobs. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  38. ^ "Category Badges". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
  39. ^ "Defence Leaders: Navy". www.defence.gov.au. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
  40. ^ "Regimental Sergeant Major – Army". www.army.gov.au. Archived from the original on 9 June 2012.
  41. ^ "Warrant Officer of the Air Force". www.airforce.gov.au.
  42. ^ Navy, Royal Australian. "Warship Sydney commissions at sea". Navy Daily. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b Nicholson, Dylan (30 April 2020). "Navy to get new patrol boats to boost capability". www.defenceconnect.com.au. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  44. ^ Navy, corporateName=Royal Australian. "MH-60R Seahawk". www.navy.gov.au. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  45. ^ Navy, corporateName=Royal Australian. "816 Squadron". www.navy.gov.au. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  46. ^ "Small arms". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  47. ^ "Offshore Patrol Vessels". Department of Defence (Australia). Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  48. ^ Jump up to: a b c "ANAO Report No. 26 2017–18". Australian National Audit Office. pp. 331–338. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  49. ^ "Collins Class Submarine reliability and sustainability". Department of Defence (Australia). December 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  50. ^ "Collins Class Submarine Replacement Combat System". Department of Defence Science & Technology. 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  51. ^ "Collins Replacement Combat System". Department of Defence (Australia). February 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2018.
  52. ^ "RAN's next oiler ship launched in Spain". Australian Defence Magazine. 26 November 2018.
  53. ^ Wroe, David (28 June 2018). "British frigate program to seed Australia's own warship industry, Turnbull says". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  54. ^ Jump up to: a b "Draft Infrastructure & Land Use Plan" (PDF). Western Australian Government. 18 June 2020.
  55. ^ "Operations". Royal Australian Navy. Retrieved 31 August 2014.

Bibliography[]

  • Bogart, Charles H. (2006). "The Royal Australian Navy: A Pictorial Look at the 1980s". Warship International. XLIII (2): 195–221. ISSN 0043-0374.
  • Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey; Morris, Ewan; Prior, Robin (1995). The Oxford Companion to Australian Military History. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553227-9.
  • Frame, Tom (2004). No Pleasure Cruise: The Story of the Royal Australian Navy. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-74114-233-4.
  • Gillett, Ross; Graham, Colin (1977). Warships of Australia. Adelaide, South Australia: Rigby. ISBN 0-7270-0472-7.
  • Whitley, M. J. (2000) [1988]. Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia. London: Cassell. ISBN 1-85409-521-8.

External links[]

  • v
  • t
Commissioned officer ranks of the Australian Defence Force
Australia-United States Rank Code Officer Cadet O-1 O-2 O-3 O-4 O-5 O-6 O-7
* 		O-8
** 		O-9
*** 		O-10
**** 		O-11
*****
Royal Australian Navy MIDN ASLT SBLT LEUT LCDR CMDR CAPT CDRE RADM VADM ADML AF
Australian Army OCDT 2LT LT CAPT MAJ LTCOL COL BRIG MAJGEN LTGEN GEN FM
Royal Australian Air Force OFFCDT PLTOFF FLGOFF FLTLT SQNLDR WGCDR GPCAPT AIRCDRE AVM AIRMSHL ACM MRAAF
  • v
  • t
Other ranks of the Australian Defence Force
Australia-United States Rank Code E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-8 E-9 Special
Royal Australian Navy RCT SMN AB - LS PO - CPO WO WO-N
Australian Army REC PTE PTE(P) LCPL CPL SGT SSGT WO2 WO1 RSM-A
Royal Australian Air Force RCT AC/ACW LAC/LACW - CPL SGT - FSGT WOFF WOFF-AF
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