List of emperors of Tibet
The traditional list of the ancient Tibetan rulers consists of 42 names.[1] The first 26 rulers may belong to the realm of legend, as there is insufficient evidence of their existence, but modern scholars believe that the kings from no. 27 to no. 32 were historical.[2] The rulers from no. 33 to no. 42 are well documented in many reliable Tibetan, Chinese and foreign sources.
A unified Tibetan state did not exist before the times of the kings number 31, 32, and 33. The earlier rulers, known as the Yarlung dynasty, were probably just local chiefs in the Yarlung Valley area, certainly not emperors of Tibet.[3]
Traditional Tibetan titles for the emperor include tsenpo ("Emperor") and lhase ("Divine Son").[4]
List[]
In the list the common transliteration is given first, the academic one in brackets.
| Number | Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nyatri Tsenpo (gNya'-khri bTsan-po) | 127–? BCE |
| 2 | (Mu-khri bTsan-po) | |
| 3 | (Ding-khri bTsan-po) | |
| 4 | (So-khri bTsan-po) | |
| 5 | (Mer-khri bTsan-po) | |
| 6 | (gDags-khri bTsan-po) | |
| 7 | (Sribs-khri bTsan-po) | |
| 8 | Drigum Tsenpo (Gri-gum bTsan-po) | |
| 9 | ||
| 10 | (E-sho-legs) | |
| 11 | (De-sho-legs) | |
| 12 | (Thi-sho-legs) | |
| 13 | (Gu-ru-legs) | |
| 14 | ('Brong-zhi-legs) | |
| 15 | (I-sho-legs) | |
| 16 | Zanam Zindé (Za-nam Zin-lde) | |
| 17 | (lDe-'phrul gnam-gzhung-btsan) | |
| 18 | (Se-snol gNam-lde) | |
| 19 | (Se-snol Po-lde) | |
| 20 | (lDe-snol-nam) | |
| 21 | (lDe-snol-po) | |
| 22 | (lDe-rgyal-po) | |
| 23 | (lDe-sprin-btsan) | |
| 24 | (rGyal-to-ri Long-btsan) | |
| 25 | (Su-khri bTsan-nam) | |
| 26 | ||
| 27 | (Khri-rje Thog-btsan) | |
| 28 | Lha Thothori Nyantsen (lHa-tho-tho-ri gNyan-btsan) | |
| 29 | (Khri-gnyan gZung-btsan) | |
| 30 | ('Bro-gnyan lDe'u) | |
| 31 | (sTag-ri gNyan-gzigs) | 579–619 |
| 32 | Namri Songtsen (gNam-ri Srong-btsan) | ?–629 |
| 33 | Songtsen Gampo (Srong-btsan sGam-po) | 618–649 |
| 34 | Gungsrong Gungtsen (Gung-srong gung-btsan) | 638–655? |
| 35 | Mangsong Mangtsen | 653–676 |
| 36 | Tridu Songtsen | 676–704 |
| 37 | Me Agtsom (Khri-lde-gtsug-brtsan) | 680–743 |
| 38 | Trisong Detsen | 755–797 |
| 39 | Muné Tsenpo | 797–799? |
| 40 | Sadnalegs | c. 800 or 804–815? |
| 41 | Ralpacan | 815–836 |
| 42 | Langdarma | 836–842 |
See also[]
- Pre-Imperial Tibet
- Tibetan Empire
- List of rulers of Tibet
- List of Lönchen of Tibetan Empire
Notes[]
- ^ Haarh, Erik: Extract from "The Yar Lun Dynasty", in: The History of Tibet, ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 144.
- ^ Haarh, Erik: Extract from "The Yar Lun Dynasty", in: The History of Tibet, ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 147; Richardson, Hugh: The Origin of the Tibetan Kingdom, in: The History of Tibet, ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 159 (and list of kings p. 166-167).
- ^ Kirkland, Russell: The Spirit of the Mountain, in: The History of Tibet, ed. Alex McKay, Vol. 1, London 2003, p. 183.
- ^ Samten Karmay, in McKay 2003, pg. 57
References[]
- McKay, Alex (ed.). Tibet and Her Neighbors: A History (2003) Walther Konig. ISBN 3-88375-718-7
- Tibetan emperors
- Lists of monarchs
- Tibet-related lists