List of fossil bird genera

A replica of the Berlin specimen of Archaeopteryx, most famous of prehistoric "birds". Modern research considers it unlikely to be a bird ancestor, though it was certainly a close relative of these.

Birds evolved from certain feathered theropod dinosaurs, and there is no real dividing line between birds and non-avian dinosaurs except that some of the former survived the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event while the latter did not. For the purposes of this article, a 'bird' is considered to be any member of the clade Aves in the broadest sense.^[1] Some dinosaur groups which may or may not be true birds are listed below under Proto-birds.

This page contains a listing of prehistoric bird taxa only known from completely fossilized specimens. These extinctions took place before the Late Quaternary and thus took place in the absence of significant human interference. While the earliest hominids had been eating birds and especially their eggs, human population and technology was simply insufficient to seriously affect healthy bird populations until the Upper Paleolithic Revolution. Rather, reasons for the extinctions listed here are stochastic abiotic events such as bolide impacts, climate changes due to orbital shifts, mass volcanic eruptions etc. Alternatively, species may have gone extinct due to evolutionary displacement by successor or competitor taxa – it is notable that an extremely large number of seabirds have gone extinct during the mid-Tertiary; this seems at least partly due to competition by the contemporary radiation of marine mammals.

The relationships of these taxa are often hard to determine, as many are known only from very fragmentary remains and due to the complete fossilization precluding analysis of information from DNA, RNA or protein sequencing. The taxa listed in this article should be classified with the Wikipedia conservation status category "Fossil".

Before the late 19th century, when minerals were still considered one of the kingdoms of binomial nomenclature, fossils were often treated according to a parallel taxonomy. Rather than assigning them to animal or plant genera, they were treated as mineral genera and given binomial names typically using Osteornis ("bone-bird") or Ornitholithus ("bird fossil") as "genus". The latter name, however, is still in use for an oogenus of fossil bird eggs. Also, other animals (in particular pterosaurs) were placed in these "genera". In sources pre-dating the Linnean system, the above terms are also seen in the more extensive descriptions used to name taxa back then.

Taxonomic list of fossil prehistoric birds[]

Higher-level taxa are presented in likely or suspected phylogenetic order. Genus-level taxa and lower are sorted chronologically, in ascending order (i.e., older taxa first).

The higher-level groups of non-Neornithes are arranged based on the phylogeny proposed by Luis Chiappe,^[2] updated and expanded to incorporate recent research.^[3] The categories are inclusive in ascending order.

Taxonomic assignments, especially in the pygostylian to early neornithine genera, are still very provisional and subject to quite frequent change.^[4][5]

Basal Avialae (extinct)[]

The most primitive "birds", usually still possessing a long bony tail with generally unfused vertebrae. Not all of these may be on the line of bird ancestors; whether they are not closer to other theropods groups than to the Avialae remains to be thoroughly tested (see Xiaotingia).

• †Anchiornis huxleyi Xu et al. 2009
• †Aurornis xui Godefroit et al. 2013
• †Balaur bondoc Csiki et al. 2010
• †Jixiangornis orientalis Ji et al. 2002
• †Xiaotingia zhengi Xu et al. 2011
• †Yandangornithiformes Cai & Zhao 1999
  • †Yandangornithidae Cai & Zhao 1999
    • †Yandangornis longicaudatus Cai & Zhao 1999 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Archaeopterygiformes Fürbringer 1888
  • †Archaeopterygidae Huxley 1871 [Archaeornithidae Petronievics 1925; Archaeopteridae Shufeldt 1903; Archornithidae Carus 1875]a
    • †Wellnhoferia grandis Elzanowski 2001 (Late Jurassic) – possible synonym of Archaeopteryx
    • †Archaeopteryx Meyer 1861 [Archaeornis Peteronievics 1917; Griphornis Woodward 1862; Griphosaurus Wagner 1861 (nomen rejectum)] (Late Jurassic)
• †Jeholornithiformes Zhou & Zhang 2006
  • †Jeholornithidae Zhou & Zhang 2006
    • †Dalianraptor cuhe Gao & Liu 2005
    • †Jeholornis Zhou & Zhang 2002b [Shenzhouraptor Ji et al. 2002] (Early Cretaceous)

Basal Pygostylia (extinct)[]

The earliest birds with a modern pygostyle: a reduction and fusion of the tail vertebrae; possibly a paraphyletic group. Two types of pygostyle are known, a rod-shaped one found in Confuciusornithidae, Enantiornithes and some non-avian theropods such as Nomingia, and a plowshare-shaped one, only known in the lineage leading to modern birds. It is not certain that the pygostyles found in birds are indeed synapomorphies.^[6]

• †Chongmingia zhengi Wang et al. 2016
• †Confuciusornithiformes Hou et al. 1995
  • †Proornis coreae Lim 1993 (nomen nudum)
  • †Zhongornis haoae Gao et al. 2008 - confuciusornithid?
  • †Confuciusornithidae Hou et al. 1995
    • †Changchengornis hengdaoziensis Ji, Chiappe & Ji 1999 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Eoconfuciusornis zhengi Zhang, Zhou & Benton 2008 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Evgenavis nobilis O’Connor, Averianov & Zelenkov 2014
    • †Confuciusornis Hou et al. 1995 [Jinzhouornis Hou et al. 2002] (Early Cretaceous)
• †Omnivoropterygiformes Czerkas & Ji 2002 [Sapeornithiformes Zhou & Zhang 2006]
  • †Omnivoropterygidae Czerkas & Ji 2002 [Sapeornithidae Zhou & Zhang 2006]
    • †Omnivoropteryx sinousaorum Czerkas & Qiang Ji 2002 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Sapeornis chaoyangensis Zhou & Zhang 2002a [Didactylornis jii Yuan 2008; Sapeornis angustis Provini, Zhou & Zhang 2009; Shenshiornis primita Hu et al. 2010] (Early Cretaceous)

Enantiornithes (extinct)[]

Reconstruction of Iberomesornis romerali, a tiny primitive enantiornithine.
It was no bigger than a modern-day finch.

The taxonomic list of enantiornithine groups presented here follows a summary published by Thomas R. Holz, Jr. in 2011.^[7]

†Enantiornithes

• Basal Enantiornithes and Enantiornithes incerta sedis
  • †Cerebavis cenomanica Kurochkin et al. 2006 (Late Cretaceous)^[8]
  • †Cruralispennia multidonta Wang et al. 2017
  • †Dalingheornis liweii Zhang et al. 2006 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Dunhuangia cuii Wang et al. 2015
  • †Elsornis keni Chiappe et al. 2007 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Feitianius paradisi O'Connor et al. 2015
  • † Zelenkov & Averianov 2015 [Holbotia ponomarenkoi Kuročkin 1982 nomen nudum]
  • †Houornis caudatus (Hou 1997) Wang & Liu 2015 [Cathayornis caudatus Hou 1997]
  • †Laevisoolithidae Mikhailov 1991 [Subtiliolithidae] [ootaxa]
    • †Laevisoolithus sochavai Mikhailov 1991 [ootaxa]
    • †Subtiliolithus microtuberculatus Mikhailov 1991 [ootaxa]
    • †Tipoolithus achloujensis Garcia et al. 2003 [ootaxa]
  • † Wang et al. 2016
  • † Hu & O’Connor 2016
  • †Paraprotopteryx gracilis Zheng, Zhang & Hou 2007 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Parvavis chuxiongensis Wang, Zhou & Xu 2014
  • † Wang & Zhou 2017
  • † Wang, Hu & Li 2015
  • †Xiangornis shenmi Hu et al. 2012 (Jiufotang Early Cretaceous of Liaoning)
  • †Yuanjiawaornis viriosus Hu et al. 2015
  • † Nesov 1992
    • †Kuszholia mengi Nesov 1992 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Iberomesornithiformes Sanz & Bonaparte 1992
    • †Iberomesornithidae Sanz & Bonaparte 1992
      • †Iberomesornis romerali Sanz & Bonaparte 1992 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Liaoningornithiformes Hou 1997
    • †Liaoningornithidae Hou 1997
      • †Eoalulavis hoyasi Sanz et al. 1996 (Early Cretaceous)
      • †Liaoningornis longidigitris Hou 1997
• Basal Euenantiornithes
  • †Catenoleimus anachoretus Panteleyev 1999 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Cratoavis cearensis Carvalho et al. 2015
  • †Elbretornis bonapartei Walker & Dyke 2009 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Eocathayornis walkeri Zhou 2002 [Eocathayornis walkeri Zhou 1999 (nomen nudum)] (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Flexomornis howei Tykoski & Fiorillo 2010 (Late Cretaceous)
  • † Wang, O’Connor & Zhou 2014
  • †Grabauornis lingyuanensis Dalsatt, Erickson & Zhou 2014
  • †Huoshanornis huji Wang et al. 2010 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Largirostrornis sexdentoris Hou 1997 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Lectavis bretincola Chiappe 1993 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Martinavis Walker, Buffetaut & Dyke 2007 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Yungavolucris brevipedalis Chiappe 1993 (Late Cretaceous)
  • † Hou et al. 2002
    • † Hou & Chen 1999
      • †Liaoxiornis delicatus Hou & Chen 1999 [Lingyuanornis parvus Ji & Ji 1999] (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Pengornithidae Wang et al. 2014
    • †Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo O’Connor et al. 2016
    • † Wang et al. 2014
    • †Pengornis houi Zhou, Clarke & Zhang 2008 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Parapengornis eurycaudatus Hu, O’Connor & Zhou 2015
  • †Protopterygiformes Zhou & Zhang 2006
    • †Protopterygidae Zhou & Zhang 2006
      • †Jibeinia luanhera Hou 2000 [Jibeinia luanhera Hou 1997 nomen nudum] (Early Cretaceous)
      • †Protopteryx fengningensis Zhang & Zhou 2000 (Early Cretaceous)
      • †Hebeiornis fengningensis Yan 1999
• †Eoenantiornithiformes Hou et al. 1999
  • †Eoenantiornithidae Hou et al. 1999
    • †Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus Li et al. 2006 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Eoenantiornis buhleri Hou et al. 1999
  • †Bohaiornithidae Wang et al. 2014
    • †Sulcavis geeorum O’Connor et al. 2013 (Early Cretaceous)^[9]
    • †Shenqiornis mengi Wang et al. 2010 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Zhouornis hani Zhang et al. 2013
    • †Longusunguis kurochkini Wang et al. 2014
    • †Bohaiornis guoi Hu et al. 2011
    • †Parabohaiornis martini Wang et al. 2014
• †Longipterygiformes Zhang et al. 2001 [Boluochiiformes Zhou & Zhang 2006; Longirostraviformes Zhou & Zhang 2006]
  • †Longipterygidae Zhang et al. 2001 [Boluochiidae Zhou & Zhang 2006; Longirostravidae Zhou & Zhang 2006]
    • †Boluochia zhengi Zhou 1995 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Camptodontus yangi^[10] Li et al. 2010 non Dejean 1826 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Longipteryx chaoyangensis Zhang et al. 2001 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Longirostravis hani Hou et al. 2004 (Early Cretaceous)
    • † Hou 1994 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Rapaxavis pani Morschhauser et al. 2009 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Shanweiniao cooperorum O’Connor et al. 2009 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Shengjingornis yangi Li et al. 2012 (Early Cretaceous)
• †Cathayornithiformes Zhou, Jin & Zhang 1992 [Sinornithiformes Hou 1997; Euornithiformes Kuročkin 1996]
  • † Li et al. 2007
    • † Li et al. 2007 (Early Cretaceous)
  • † Kuročkin 1996
    • †Concornis lacustris Sanz & Buscalioni 1992 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Qiliania graffini Ji et al. 2011 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Noguerornis gonzalezi Lasaca-Ruiz 1989 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Cathyornithidae Zhou, Jin & Zhang 1992 [Sinornithidae Hou 1997]
    • †Gracilornis jiufotangensis Li & Hou 2011 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Longchengornis sanyanensis Hou 1997 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Sinornis santensis Sereno & Rao 1992 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Cathayornis Zhou, Jin & Zhang 1992 (Early Cretaceous)
• †Enantiornithiformes Chiappe 1992 non Walker 1981, Martin 1983 [Gobipterygiformes Elzanowski 1974; Alexornithiformes Brodkorb 1976]
  • †Avisauridae Brett-Surman & Paul 1985
    • †Cuspirostrisornis houi Hou 1997 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Avisaurus Brett-Surman & Paul 1985 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Bauxitornis mindszentyae^[11] (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Enantiophoenix electrophyla Cau & Arduini 2008 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Halimornis thompsonae Chiappe, Lamb & Ericson 2002 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Gettyia Atterholt et al., 2018 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Intiornis inexpectatus^[12] (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Mirarce Atterholt et al., 2018 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Mystiornis cyrili Kuročkin et al. 2011 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Neuquenornis volans Chiappe & Calvo 1994 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Soroavisaurus australis Chiappe 1993 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Gobipterygidae Elzanowski 1974
    • † Kuročkin, Chatterjee & Mikhailov 2013
    • †Gobipteryx minuta Elzanowski 1974 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Vescornis hebeiensis Zhang, Ericson & Zhou 2004 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Enantiornithidae Walker 1981
    • †Enantiornis leali Walker 1981 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Gurilynia nessovi Kuročkin 1999 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Wyleyia valdensis Harrison & Walker 1973 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Nanantius Molnar 1986 (Early-?Late Cretaceous)
  • †Alexornithidae Brodkorb 1976
    • †Abavornis bonaparti Panteleyev 1998 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Alexornis antecedens Brodkorb 1976 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Explorornis Panteleyev 1998 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Incolornis Panteleyev 1998 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Kizylkumavis cretacea Nesov 1984 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Lenesornis maltschevskyi (Nesov 1986) Kuročkin 1996 [ Nesov 1986 non Marsh 1872] (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Sazavis prisca Nesov & Jarkov 1989 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Zhyraornis Nesov 1984 (Late Cretaceous)

Note that Holtz (2011) also included Zhyraornis in his classification of euenantiornithines, though this genus is more often classified as an ornithuran.^[13] Holtz also placed Liaoningornis as an ornithuromorph, though more recent studies have placed it as a close relative of Eoalulavis.^[14]

Basal Euornithes (extinct)[]

Also called "basal Ornithuromorpha".^[15] Essentially modern birds, except many still possess a few primitive features such as teeth or wing claws. These have the plowshare-shaped pygostyle and proper tail fan as seen in most living birds. The taxonomy of this group is confusing; the name "Ornithurae" was first proposed by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 and has been revised in meaning several times since.

The following is a list of primitive euornithian genera and those that cannot be confidently referred to any subgroups, following Holtz (2011).^[7]

• †Archaeorhynchus spathula Zhou & Zhang 2006
• †Changmaornis houi Wang et al. 2013
• †Changzuiornis ahgmi Huang et al. 2017
• †Gargantuavis philoinos Buffetaut & Le Loeuff 1998
• †Hollanda luceria Bell et al. 2009 [ Bell et al. 2009 (nomen nudum)]
• † Nesov 1983
• †Hulsanpes perlei Osmólska 1982 (?Troodontidae)
• † Zhou, O'Connor & Wang 2014
• †Jianchangornis microdonta Zhou, Zhang & Li 2009
• †Jiuquanornis niui Wang et al. 2013
• †Juehuaornis zhangi Wang, Wang & Hu 2015
• †Palaeopteryx thomsoni Jensen 1981 (dinosaur)
• † Nesov 1992
• †Schizooura lii Zhou, Zhou & O'Connor 2012
• †Tingmiatornis arctica Wang et al. 2017
• †Vorona berivotrensis Forster et al. 1996
• †Xinghaiornis lini Wang et al. 2013
• †Yumenornis huangi Wang et al. 2013
• †Zhongjianornis yangi Zhou, Zhang & Li 2009
• †Patagopterygidae Alvarenga & Bonaparte 1992
  • †Alamitornis minutus Agnolin & Martinelli 2009
  • †Patagopteryx deferrariisi Alvarenga & Bonaparte 1992
• †Hongshanornithidae O’Connor, Gao & Chiappe 2010
  • ?†Archaeornithura meemannae Wang et al. 2015
  • †Hongshanornis longicresta Zhou & Zhang 2005 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Longicrusavis houi O’Connor, Gao & Chiappe 2010 (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis Li, Wang & Hou 2011 (Early Cretaceous)– ornithurine?
  • †Tianyuornis cheni Zheng et al. 2014
• † Hou 1997
  • †Chaoyangiidae Hou 1997 [Chaoyangornithidae Hou 1997]
    • †Chaoyangia beishanensis Hou & Zhang 1993
• †Songlingornithiformes [Aberratiodontiformes Gong, Hou & Wang 2004; Yanornithiformes Zhou & Zhang 2001; Yixianornithiformes Zhou & Zhang 2006]
  • †Songlingornithidae Hou 1997 [Aberratiodontidae Gong, Hou & Wang 2004; Chaoyangornithidae Hou 1997; Yanornithidae Zhou & Zhang 2001; Yixiaornithidae Zhou & Zhang 2006]
    • †Piscivoravis lii Zhou et al. 2013
    • †Songlingornis linghensis Hou 1997 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Yixianornis grabaui Zhou & Zhang 2001 (Early Cretaceous)
    • †Yanornis Zhou & Zhang 2001 [Archaeoraptor Sloan 1999 (nomen nudum); Archaeovolans Czerkas & Xu 2002; Aberratiodontus Gong, Hou & Wang 2004] (Early Cretaceous)

Note that Holtz also included the genera Eurolimnornis, , Palaeocursornis and Piksi as euornitheans, though they have since been re-identified as pterosaurs.^[16]

Basal Ornithurae (extinct)[]

• Limenavis patagonica Clarke & Chiappe 2001 (Late Cretaceous)– paleognath?
• • Palintropus retusus (Marsh 1892) Brodkorb 1970 [ Marsh 1892; (Marsh 1892) Brodkorb 1962] (Late Cretaceous) (?Galliformes: Quercymegapodiidae)
• †Ambiortiformes Kuročkin 1982
  • †Ambiortidae Kuročkin 1982
    • †Ambiortus dementjevi Kuročkin 1982 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Apsaraviformes Kuročkin 1982
  • †
    • †Apsaravis ukhaana Norell & Clarke 2001 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Gansuiformes Hou & Liu 1984
  • †Gansuidae Hou & Liu 1984
    • †Gansus Hou & Liu 1984 (Early Cretaceous)
• †Ichthyornithiformes Marsh 1873 [Pteropappi Stejneger 1885]
  • †Apatornithidae Fürbringer 1888
    • †Apatornis celer (Marsh 1873) Marsh 1873 [ Marsh 1873] (Late Cretaceous)
    • † (Marsh 1880) Clarke 2004 [ Marsh 1880] (Cretaceous of Wallace County, US)
    • †Iaceornis marshi Clarke 2004 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Ichthyornithidae Marsh 1873
    • Ichthyornis Marsh 1872 [ Kashin 1972; Colonosaurus Marsh 1872; Graculavus Marsh 1873 non Marsh 1872; Plegadornis Wetmore 1962 non Brehm 1855] (Late Cretaceous)
• †Hesperornithiformes Fürbringer 1888 (Large, toothed, loon-like diving birds)
  

  Hesperornis
  • †Chupkaornis keraorum Tanaka et al. 2017
  • †Potamornis skutchi Elzanowski, Paul & Stidham 2000 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Pasquiaornis Tokaryk, Cumbaa & Storer 1997 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Enaliornithidae Fürbringer 1888
    • †Enaliornis Seeley 1876 [Palaeocolyntus (sic) Seeley 1864 nomen nudum; Seeley 1869; Pelargonis (sic) Seeley 1864 nomen nudum; Pelagornis Seeley 1866 nomen nudum non Lartet 1857] (Early Cretaceous)
  • †Baptornithidae AOU 1910
    • †Baptornis Marsh 1877 [Parascaniornis Lambrecht 1933]
  • †Brodavidae Martin, Kuročkin & Tokaryk 2012
    • Brodavis Martin, Kuročkin & Tokaryk 2012 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Judinornithidae Nesov 1983
    • †Judinornis nogontsavensis Nesov & Borkin 1983 (Late Cretaceous)
  • †Hesperornithidae Marsh 1880
    • †Fumicollis hoffmani Bell & Chiappe 2015
    • †Parahesperornis alexi Martin 1980 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †Hesperornis Marsh 1872 [Coniornis Marsh 1893; Marsh 1876; Hargeria Lucas 1903; Asiahesperornis Nesov & Prizemlin 1991; Canadaga Hou 1999] (Late Cretaceous)

Neornithes[]

The subclass that contains all modern birds.

Unresolved and basal forms
These modern birds are known from remains that cannot be placed in relation to any one modern group and are neither autapomorphic enough to assign them to own orders. Especially the Late Cretaceous/early Paleogene taxa are probably basal to several modern orders, while later Paleogene taxa often represent extinct lineages outside the modern families.

• †Australornis lovei Mayr & Scofield 2014 (late early Paleocene)
• †Gallornis straeleni Lambrecht 1931 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Ceramornis major Brodkorb 1963 (Late Cretaceous) – charadriiform?
• †"Presbyornithidae" gen. et sp. indet. (Barun Goyot Late Cretaceous of Udan Sayr, Mongolia) - anseriform (presbyornithid)?
• †Torotix clemensi Brodkorb 1963 (Late Cretaceous) – pelecaniform, charadriiform, procellariiform or phoenicopteriform
• Neornithes incerta sedis Kurochkin 1995 (Nemegt Late Cretaceous of S Mongolia) - phalacrocoracid?
• Neornithes incerta sedis AMNH FR 25272 (Lance Creek Late Cretaceous of Converse County, US) - phalacrocoracid?
• Neornithes incerta sedis PVPH 237 (Portezuelo Late Cretaceous of Sierra de Portezuelo, Argentina) - galliform?
• Neornithes incerta sedis UCMP 117598 (Hell Creek Late Cretaceous of Bug Creek West, US)
• Neornithes incerta sedis UCMP 117599 (Hell Creek Late Cretaceous of Bug Creek West, US) – anseriform?
• †"Lonchodytes" pterygius Brodkorb 1963 (Late Cretaceous/?Early Palaeocene) – charadriiform?
• †Novacaesareala hungerfordi Parris & Hope 2002 (Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene) – related to Torotix?
• †"Palaeotringa" vetus Marsh 1870 (Lance Late Cretaceous of Wyoming – Hornerstown Late Cretaceous/?Early Palaeocene of New Jersey, US) - gruiform? anseriform (presbyornithid)?
• † Nessov & Jarkow 1989 (Early Palaeocene of Volgograd, Russia) – charadriiform? phalacrocoraciform?
• † Nessov 1988 (Late Paleocene of Zhylga, Kazakhstan)
• † Lemoine 1878 (Paleocene of Cernay, France) – charadriiform (larid?)? gaviiform?
• † Mayr 2007 (Paleocene of Walbeck, Germany) – cariamid?
• †"Messelornis" russelli Mourer-Chauviré 1995 sensu Mayr 2007 (Paleocene of Cernay, France) – messelornithid?
• † Mayr 2007 (Paleocene of Walbeck, Germany) – charadriiform? messelornithid?
• Neornithes incerta sedis (Late Paleocene/Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco) – charadriiform, ciconiiform, gruiform?
• † Harrison & Walker 1977 (London Clay Early Eocene of England) – galliform?
  • † Harrison & Walker 1977
  • † Harrison & Walker 1979
  • † Harrison & Walker 1977
• † Harrison & Walker 1977 (Early Eocene of England, and Virginia, US?)– galliform, falconiform?
• † Harrison 1983 (Early Eocene of Silveirinha, Portugal)– charadriiform?
• †Mopsitta tanta Waterhouse et al. 2008 (Early Eocene) – threskiornithid (may belong in Rhynchaeites), psittacid?
• †Neanis schucherti Shufeldt 1913 (Early Eocene)– coraciiform (primobucconid), piciform?
• † Wetmore 1940 (Willwood Early Eocene of Bighorn County, US)– galliform (tetraonine or cracid) or gruiform (aramid)?
• †Precursor parvus (Early Eocene)– several species? psittaciform (pseudasturid or psittacid) + charadriiform (glareolid)?
• † Harrison & Walker 1977
• † Harrison & Walker 1977
• † Harrison & Walker 1977 (Early Eocene of Bognor Regis, England)– cuculiform (parvicuculid), coraciiform (primobucconid), close to Primapus?
• † Dyke & Cooper 2000 (Early Eocene) – psittaciform (pseudasturid or psittacid)?
  • † Dyke & Cooper 2000
  • † (Feduccia & Martin 1976) [ Feduccia & Martin 1976]
• Neornithes incerta sedis USNM 496384 (Nanjemoy Early Eocene of Virginia, US)– parvicuculid? aegithalornithid?
• † Harrison 1982b (Early – middle Eocene of NW Europe) – caprimulgiform (podargid?) or quercypsittid?
• †Amitabha urbsinterdictensis Gulas-Wroblewski & Wroblewski 2003 (Bridger middle Eocene of Forbidden City, US) - galliform (phasianid) or gruiform (rallid?)?
• †Eociconia sangequanensis Hou 1989 (middle Eocene of China)– ciconiiform (ciconiid)?
• † Mayr 2005 (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)– caprimulgiform, apodiform or ancestral to both
• †Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr 1999 (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
• †Ludiortyx hoffmanni (Gervais 1852) Brunet 1970 (Late Eocene) – rallid, quercymegapodid? [Includes Tringa hoffmanni Gervais 1852; Palaeortyx blanchardi Milne-Edwards 1869; Palaeortyx hoffmanni (Gervais 1852); Ludiortyx blanchardi (Milne-Edwards 1869); Eortyx hoffmanni (Gervais 1852)]
• †Minggangia changgouensis Hou 1982 (Late Eocene of China) – rallid, threskiornithid?
• † Harrison & Walker 1976 (Late Eocene of England)– may be same as Palaeopapia; anseriform?
• †"Phasianus" alfhildae Shufeldt 1915 (Washakie B Late Eocene of Haystack Butte, US)– gruiform, ciconiiform, phoenicopteriform?
• †Telecrex grangeri Wetmore 1934 (Irdin Manha Late Eocene of Chimney Butte, Mongolia)– meleagrid or gruiform (rallid?)
• Neornithes incerta sedis AMNH FR 2941 (Irdin Manha Late Eocene of Chimney Butte, China) – falconiform (accipitrid)? gruiform (Eogrus)?
• † Nesov 1988 (Late Eocene of Kazakhstan) – gruiform? pelagornithid?
• †"Falco" falconellus Shufeldt 1915 (or falconella; Eocene of Wyoming, US) – falconiform (falconid)?
• † Milne-Edwards 1868 (Late Eocene– Late Oligocene of Europe)– phoenicopteriform or anseriform
  • † Milne-Edwards 1868
  • † Alvarenga 1990
  • † Tugarinov 1940 [ Kuročkin 1968]
• †Plesiocathartes Gaillard 1908 (Late Eocene–? Early Miocene of SW Europe) - cathartid, leptosomid?
  • † Gaillard 1908
  • †
  • † Weidig 2006
  • † Weidig 2006
  • † Mayr 2002
  • † Mayr 2002
• † Shufeldt 1915 (Eocene of Wyoming, US) – coliiform?
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Rio Deseado, Argentina) – gruiform (aramid)?
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina) – ciconiiform (ciconiid)?
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina) – falconiform (accipitrid)? A nomen dubium
• †Cruschedula revola Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Golfo San Jorge, Argentina) Aves incertae sedis; A nomen dubium
• †Dolichopterus viator Milne-Edwards 1867 [ Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Milne-Edwards 1867; Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Milne-Edwards 1867] (Early Oligocene of Ronzon, France) – charadriiform (charadriid)? Not as sometimes claimed
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Rio Deseado, Argentina)– gruiform (aramid)?
• † Ameghino 1894– anatid? (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)
• †Manu antiquus Marples 1946 (Early Oligocene) – pelagornithid? procellariiform (diomedeid)?
• † Wetmore 1927 (Early Oligocene of Trigonias Quarry, US) – gruiform (rallid)?
• † >(Harrison & Walker 1976) Harrison & Walker 1979 [ Harrison & Walker 1976 non Berlese & Leonardi 1896; Harrison & Walker 1976] (Hampstead Early Oligocene of Isle of Wight, England) – anseriform?
• † Harrison & Walker 1979 (Early Oligocene of Belgium and England) – anseriform (anatid)?
• †"Pararallus" hassenkampi Martini 1967 (Sieblos Dysodil Early Oligocene of Sieblos, Germany)
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina) – gruiform?
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)– gruiform?
• † Milne-Edwards 1871 [ Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Aymard 1856 nomen nudum] (Early Oligocene of France)
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Argentina)– anatid?
• † Ameghino 1899 (Deseado Early Oligocene – Miocene of Argentina) – gruiform?
• Neornithes incerta sedis BMNH PAL 4989 (Hampstead Early Oligocene of Isle of Wight, England) – formerly "" and included in ; anseriform?
• †"Anas" creccoides van Beneden 1871 (Early-mid Oligocene of Belgium) – anseriform?
• †"Charadrius" sheppardianus Cope 1881 (Florissant middle Oligocene of Florissant, US) – charadriiform (charadriid?)
• † Kuročkin 1968 (Indricotherium middle Oligocene of Chelkar-Teniz, Kazakhstan)
• †"Palaeorallus" alienus Kuročkin 1968 (middle Oligocene of Tatal-Gol, Mongolia)– galliform?
• †"Vanellus" selysii van Beneden 1871 (middle Oligocene of Rupelmonde, Belgium) – charadriiform (charadriid)?
• † Mourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney 2004 (Late Oligocene of France) – gruiform (gruid?) or anseriform (anseranatid?)?
• † Wetmore 1942 (Brule Late Oligocene of Shannon County, US) – gruiform (aramid)?
  • † Wetmore 1942
  • †
  • †
• † Aslanova & Burčak-Abramovič 1968 (Late Oligocene of Pirəkəşkül, Azerbaijan) – anseriform (anserine)? pelagornithid (same as Caspiodontornis)?
• † Ameghino 1899 (Late? Oligocene of Argentina)– phoenicopteriform? A nomen dubium
• Neornithes incerta sedis QM F40203 (Late Oligocene of Riversleigh, Australia)– gruiform (rallid)?
• † Shufeldt 1915 (Oligocene? of Wyoming, US)– gaviiform? plotopterid?
• †"Anas" skalicensis Bayer 1882 (Early Miocene of "Skalitz", Czech Republic) - anseriform?
• † Portis 1884 (Early Miocene) - Anseriformes (Anatidae) or Pelecaniformes (Phalacrocoracidae)?
• †"Propelargus" olseni Brodkorb 1963 (Hawthorne Early Miocene of Tallahassee, US) – ciconiiform?
• Neornithes incerta sedis MNHN SA 1259-1263 (Early/Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) – passeriform?
• † Ameghino 1891 (Santa Cruz Middle Miocene of Karaihen, Argentina) – gruiform, galliform, tinamiform?
• †"Ardea" perplexa Milne-Edwards 1869 (Middle Miocene of Sansan, France) – ardeid? strigiform?
• †"Cygnus herrenthalsi" van Beneden 1871 (Middle Miocene of Belgium)
• †"Anas" risgoviensis Ammon 1918 (Late Miocene of Bavaria, Germany) – anseriform?
• †"Ardea" aureliensis (Late Miocene of France) – ardeid?
• † Ameghino 1895 nomen dubium (Miocene of Argentina) – anatid? A nomen dubium
• † Ameghino 1895 (Miocene of Argentina) – anatid?
• † Ameghino 1891 (Miocene of Argentina) – ciconiiform (threskiornithid)?
• †"Limnatornis" paludicola Milne-Edwards 1871 (Miocene of France) – coliid? phoeniculid?
• †"Picus" gaudryi (Miocene of France) – piciform?
• †"Ardea" lignitum Giebel 1860 (Late Pliocene of Germany) – ardeid? strigid (genus Bubo)?
• † Brodkorb 1959 (Pliocene of New Providence, Bahamas) – picid?
• †"" Milne-Edwards 1870 non Chevrolat 1837– piciform? Preoccupied by a subgenus of Cryptocephalus leaf beetles described in 1835.
• †"Liptornis hesternus" Ameghino 1894 [] – pelecaniform (pelecanid)? A nomen dubium
• † Harrison & Walker 1979 – pelagornithid?
• †Protopelicanus cuvieri Reichenbach 1852 – pelecaniform (pelecanid)? pelagornithid?
• †Eurofluvioviridavis robustipes Mayr 2005a (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
• †Archaeotrogonidae Wetmore 1926 – basal Cypselomorphae?
  • †Archaeotrogonidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Eocene)
  • † Mayr 1998
  • †Archaeotrogon Milne-Edwards 1892 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
• †Cimolopterygidae Brodkorb 1963 – charadriiform?
  • †Cimolopteryx Marsh 1892 (Late Cretaceous)
    • †C. rara Marsh 1890
    • †C. maxima Brodkorb 1963
  • †Lamarqueavis Agnolin 2010 (Late Cretaceous)
    • † Agnolin 2010
    • † (Brodkorb 1963) Agnolin 2010 [Cimolopteryx minima Brodkorb 1963]
    • † (Hope 2002) Agnolin 2010 [Cimolopteryx petra Hope 2002]
• † Wetmore 1930 [Cladornithes Wetmore 1960; Cladornidae Ameghino 1895] (pelecaniform?
  • †Cladornis pachypus Ameghino 1895 (Deseado Early Oligocene of Patagonia, Argentina)
• †Eremopezidae Rothschild 1911 – pelecaniform? ratite?
  • †Eremopezus eocaenus Andrews 1904 (Late Eocene) - includes Lambrecht 1929
• † Mayr 2001 – close to Sylphornithidae?
  • Eutreptodactylus itaboraiensis Baird & Vickers-Rich 1997 (Late Paleocene of Brazil) - a nomen dubium
  • Mayr 1998 (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
• Halcyornithidae Harrison & Walker 1972 – psittaciform (= Pseudasturidae?), coraciiform?
  • † (Koenig 1825) Owen 1846 (London Clay Early Eocene of England)
  • † Martin 2010 (Green River Early Eocene of C US) - psittaciform (halcyornithid or psittacid)?
    • † (Feduccia & Martin 1976) Martin 2010 [ Feduccia & Martin 1976]
    • † Ksepka, Clarke & Grande 2011
• † Peters 1987
  • † (Harrison & Walker 1976) Harrison & Walker 1979 [ Harrison & Walker 1976 non Womersley 1940; Harrison & Walker 1976] – phoenicopteriform?
  • †Juncitarsus Olson & Feduccia 1980 – phoenicopteriform?
• Laornithidae Cracraft 1973 – charadriiform? gruiform? pelagornithid?
  • Laornis edvardsianus Marsh 1870 [Laopteryx (sic) Kuročkin 1995] (Late Cretaceous?)
• † Brodkorb 1963
  • †Lonchodytes estesi Brodkorb 1963 (Late Cretaceous/?Early Palaeocene) – gaviiform/pelecaniform? procellariiform?
• † – passeriform? coraciiform? coliiform?
  • †Palaeospiza bella Allen 1878 (Late Eocene of Florissant Fossil Beds, US)
• † Harrison 1982 – cypselomorph, cuculiform, coraciiform (primobucconid)?
  • † Harrison & Walker 1977 (Early Eocene of NW Europe)
• †Remiornithidae Martin 1992 (Paleocene of France) – palaeognath?
  • †Remiornis heberti Lemoine 1881 [ Lydekker 1891]
• † Mourer-Chauviré 1988 – cuculiform? coraciiform? close to Gracilitarsidae?
  • † Mourer-Chauvire 1988 (middle Eocene of France)
  • † Mayr & Smith 2002 (Borgloon Early Oligocene of Hoogbutsel, Belgium)
• † Olson & Parris 1987 – procellariiform, pelecaniform?
  • †Tytthostonyx glauconiticus Olson & Parris 1987 (Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene)
• †Zygodactylidae Brodkorb 1971 [Primoscenidae Harrison 1977]– near passerine
  • † Weidig 2010
  • † Ballmann 1969 (Early Oligocene – Middle? Miocene of C Europe)
    • † Ballmann 1969
    • † Mayr 2008
    • † Ballmann 1969
  • † Harrison & Walker 1977
  • † Mayr 1998
    • † Mayr 1998
    • † Mayr 1998
    • † Mayr 1998
    • † Mayr & Zelenkov 2009
• †"" Fürbringer 1888 [Dakotornithidae Erickson 1975; ; Cracraft 1972] – a paraphyletic form taxon, the "transitional shorebirds"
  • † Shufeldt 1915 [Graculavus Marsh 1872 non Marsh 1973] (Late Cretaceous –? Early Palaeocene) – charadriiform?
    • † (Marsh 1872) Lambrecht 1933 [ Marsh 1872]
    • † (Hope 1999) [ Hope 1999]
  • †Palaeotringa Marsh 1870 (Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene) – charadriiform?
  • †Telmatornis priscus Marsh 1870 [ Marsh 1870; Marsh 1872; Marsh 1870] (Late Cretaceous?) – charadriiform? gruiform? podicipediform?
  • †Zhylgaia aestiflua Nesov 1988 (Early Paleocene) – presbyornithid?
  • †Scaniornis lundgreni Dames 1890 (Early/Middle Paleocene) – phoenicopteriform?
  • † Erickson 1975 (Paleocene of North Dakota, US)
  • †Placement unresolved
    • "Graculavidae" gen. et sp. indet. (Gloucester County, US)

Struthioniformes[]

Ostrich and related ratites.

• Struthionidae Vigors 1825 [†Struthiolithidae Vjalov 1971; †Palaeotididae Houde & Haubold 1987] (ostriches)
  • †Palaeotis weigelti Lambrecht 1928 [ Lambrecht 1935; (Lambrecht 1935) Brodkorb 1967] (middle Eocene)
  • †Remiornis heberti Lemoine 1881
  • †Orientornis linxiaensis (Hou et al. 2005) Wang 2008 [Struthio linxiaensis Hou et al. 2005]
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Struthio Linnaeus 1758 [† Burchak-Abramovich 1953; † Brandt 1873 ootaxa; Struthio (Pachystruthio) Kretzoi 1954a; Lydekker 1879] (Early Miocene – Recent)

Casuariiformes[]

Cassowaries, emus and related ratites.

• Casuariidae Kaup 1847 [Dromaiidae Huxley 1868; Dramaiinae Gray 1870; Dramiceiidae Richmond 1908; Dramaeidae Newton 1896] (emus and cassowaries)
  • †Diogenornis fragilis Alvarenga 1983 (Early Eocene) – possible casuariiform
  • †Emuarius Boles 1992 (emuwaries) (Late Oligocene – Late Miocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Dromaius Vieillot 1816 [ Fleming 1822; Griffith & Pidgeon 1829; Peronista Mathews 1912; De Vis 1892] (emus) (Middle Miocene – Recent)
    • Casuarius Brisson 1760 [ Moehring 1752 [Oken1816] non Reichenbach 1853 non Illiger 1826; Moehring 1752 nom. rej.; Rhea Lacépède 1800 non Latham 1790; Billberg 1828; Oxyporus Brookes 1828 non (Bourdot & Galzin 1925) Donk 1933; Billberg 1828; Perry 1811; Gloger 1842]

Rheiformes[]

Rheas and related ratites.

• † Ameghino 1895
  • †Opisthodactylus Ameghino 1895 (Miocene) – rheid?
• Rheidae (Bonaparte 1853) [Rheinae Bonaparte 1853] (rheas)
  • †Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto 1914 (Pliocene)
  • †Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi 1995
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Rhea Brisson 1760 [Rhea Moehring 1758 nomen dubium; Pterocnemia Gray 1870; Toujou Lacépède 1801; Rafinesque 1815]

†Dinornithiformes[]

Moas.

• †Megalapterygidae - (Upland moas)
  • †Megalapteryx didinus (Owen 1883) Haast 1886 [Palaeocasuarius Rothschild 1907 (Forbes 1892); Dinornis didinus Owen 1883; Megalapteryx benhami Archey 1941; Rothschild 1907; Megalapteryx hectori Haast 1886; Lydekker 1891; (Owen 1883) Lydekker 1891; Rothschild 1907; Palaeocasuarius elegans Rothschild 1907; Rothschild 1907]
• †Dinornithidae Owen 1843 [Palapteryginae Bonaparte 1854; Palapterygidae Haast 1874; Dinornithnideae Stejneger 1884] (great moas)
  • †Dinornis Owen 1843 [Palapteryx Owen 1846; Megalornis Owen 1843 non Gray 1841; Movia Reichenbach 1853; Moa Reichenbach 1853; Owenia Gray 1855; Tylopteryx Hutton 1891]
• †Emeidae (Bonaparte 1854) [Emeinae Bonaparte 1854; Anomalopterygidae Oliver 1930; Anomalapteryginae Archey 1941] (lesser moas)
  • †Anomalopteryx didiformis (Owen 1844) Reichenbach 1853 (Little bush moas)
  • †Emeus crassus (Owen 1846) Reichenbach 1853 (Eastern moas)
  • †Euryapteryx Haast 1874 (Broad-billed or turkey moas)
  • †Pachyornis Lydekker 1891 (Stout moas)

Two unnamed Saint Bathans Fauna species.^[17]

Apterygiformes[]

• Apterygidae Gray 1840 [Apteryginae Gray 1840] (Kiwis)
  • †Proapteryx micromeros Worthy et al. 2013

†Lithornithiformes Houde 1988[]

• †Lithornithidae Houde 1988 (False tinamous)
  • †Fissuravis weigelti Mayr 2007
  • †Pseudocrypturus cercanaxius Houde 1988 (Green River Early/middle Eocene of C US)
  • †Paracathartes howardae Harrison 1979
  • †Lithornis Owen 1840 [Promusophaga Harrison & Walker 1977; Harrison 1984; Harrison & Walker 1977] (Paleocene – Early Eocene)

Tinamiformes[]

• Tinamidae Gray 1840 [Crypturidae Bonaparte 1831; Tinamotidae Bonaparte 1854; Eudromiidae Bonaparte 1854; Rhynchotidae von Boetticher 1934] (tinamous)
  • †Querandiornis romani Rusconi 1958 (Ensenada Early/Middle Pleistocene of Argentina)
  • † Brodkorb 1961
  • Tinamidae gen. et sp. indet. MACN-SC Fleagle Collection (Early – Middle Miocene of S Argentina) - at least 2 species
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Eudromia [non Eudromias Boie 1832; Sclater & Salvin 1873 non Guein 1832; Ridgway 1884; Rovereto 1914; Brodkorb 1961]
    • Nothura Wagler 1827 [† Brodkorb 1963]
    • Crypturellus Brabourne & Chubb 1914 [ Chubb 1917; Oberholser 1922; Miranda-Ribeiro 1937]

Vegaviiformes[]

• †Neogaeornis wetzeli Lambrecht 1929 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Polarornis gregorii Chatterjee 2002 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Vegavis iaai Clarke et al. 2005 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Maaqwi cascadensis McLachlan, Kaiser, & Longrich, 2017 (Late Cretaceous)
• †Australornis lovei Mayr & Scofield, 2014 (Paleocene)

Anseriformes[]

Dromornis

Genyornis

The group that includes modern ducks and geese.

• Basal and unresolved forms
  • †Anatalavis Olson & Parris 1987 [Nettapterornis Mlikovsky 2002] (Late Cretaceous/Early Paleocene– Early Eocene)– anseranatid or basal.
    • †A. rex (Shufeldt 1915) Olson & Parris 1987 [Telmatornis rex Shufeldt 1915]
    • †A. oxfordi Olson 1999 [ (Olson 1999) Mlikovsky 2002]
  • † Lebedinský 1927 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)– anseranatide or anatide
  • † Mayr & De Pietri 2013
  • † Lydekker 1891 (Early Eocene) – presbyornithid?
  • † Miller & Compton 1939 (Early Miocene) – anatide or own family?
  • †Garganornis ballmanni Meijer 2014
• Anhimidae Stejneger 1885 [Palamedeinae Bonaparte 1831; Palamedeidae Gray 1840] (screamers
  • †Chaunoides antiquus Alvarenga 1999
• †Dromornithidae Fürbringer 1888 – Australian mihirungs or "demon ducks"
  • †Barawertornis tedfordi Rich 1979 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †Bullockornis planei Rich 1979 (Demon-Duck of Doom) (Middle Miocene)
  • †Ilbandornis Rich 1979 (Late Miocene)
    • †I. woodburnei Rich 1979
    • †I. lawsoni Rich 1979
  • †Dromornis Owen 1872 (Late Miocene – Pliocene)
    • †D. australis Owen 1872
    • †D. stirtoni Rich 1979 (Stirton's Thunder Birds)
• Anseranatidae Sclater 1880 sensu Stejneger 1885 (magpie-geese
  • †Eoanseranas handae Worthy & Scanlon 2009 (Hand's Dawn Magpie Goose)
  • Anseranatidae gen. et sp. nov (Late Oligocene)
• †Presbyornithidae Wetmore 1926 [Telmabatidae Howard 1955]
  • †Teviornis gobiensis Kuročkin, Dyke & Karhu 2002 (Late Cretaceous)
  • † (Lydekker 1891) Harrison & Walker 1976 [ Lydekker 1891; (Lydekker 1891) Bocheński 1997; ] – only BMNH PAL 30325 belongs to this bird, may belong to Presbyornis.
  • †Presbyornis Wetmore 1926 [ Wetmore 1926; Hardy 1959] (Paleocene– Early Oligocene)
    • †P. isoni Olson 1994
    • †P. mongoliensis Kuročkin & Dyke 2010
    • †P. recurvirostrus (Hardy 1959) Ericson 2000 [ Hardy 1959]
    • †P. pervetus Wetmore 1926 [ Wetmore 1926; Wetmore 1926]
  • † Howard 1955
    • † Howard 1955
    • † Cracraft 1970
  • †Wilaru Boles et al. 2013
    • †W. tedfordi Boles et al. 2013
    • †W. prideauxi Vanesa et al. 2016
• Anatidae Leach 1820 [Cnemiornithidae Stejneger 1855; Cygnidae Kaup 1850 fide Gray; Anseridae Kaup 1850 fide Gray; Cereopsidae Kaup 1850 fide Gray; Fuligulidae Carus 1868; Merganidae Swainson 1837; Mergidae Gray 1840 fide 1871; Plectropteridae Carus; Erismaturidae Carus 1868; Tadornidae Carus 1868] (ducks, geese and swans
  • † Kuročkin 1985 [ Bickart 1990]
  • †Eonessa anaticula Wetmore 1938 (Middle Eocene)
  • † (Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
    • † Lambrecht 1931
    • † Korochkin 1968
  • † Lambrecht 1931 (middle Oligocene – Early Miocene)– sometimes included in Cygnavus
    • † Kessler & Hir 2009
    • † (Beneden 1883) Lambrecht 1931 [ Beneden 1883; Harrison & Walker 1979b]
  • † Livezey & Martin 1988 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1868) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Milne-Edwards, 1868; (Milne-Edwards 1868) Cheneval 1987]
    • † (Lydekker 1891a) [ (Lydekker 1891a) Brodkorb 1964; Lydekker, 1891a]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1863) Livezey & Martin 1988 [ Milne-Edwards 1863; Milne-Edwards 1869; Milne-Edwards 1871 Nomen nudum; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964; (Milne-Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1983b]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1867) Livezey & Martin 1988 [ Milne-Edwards 1867; (Milne-Edwards 1867) Cheneval 1983b]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1867) Livezey & Martin 1988 [ Milne-Edwards 1867; (Milne-Edwards 1867) Brodkorb 1962; (Milne-Edwards 1867) Cheneval 1983b]
  • †Australotadorna alecwilsoni Worthy 2009 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †Pinpanetta Worthy 2009 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene)
    • †P. tedfordi Worthy 2009
    • †P. vickersrichae Worthy 2009
    • †P. fromensis Worthy 2009
  • †Dunstanetta johnstoneorum Worthy et al. 2007 (Johnstone's ducks) (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • †Manuherikia Worthy et al. 2007 (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • †M. lacustrina Worthy et al. 2007 (Manuherikia duck)
    • †M. minuta Worthy et al. 2007 (Minute Manuherikia duck)
    • †M. douglasi Worthy et al. 2008 (Douglas’ duck)
  • †Matanas enrighti Worthy et al. 2007 (Enright's ducks) (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • †Miotadorna sanctibathansi Worthy et al. 2007 (St. Bathans shelducks) (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • † Howard 1992 (Middle Miocene)
  • † Yeh 1980 (Middle Miocene)
  • † Miller 1944 (Late Miocene)
    • † (Miller 1944) Cheneval 1987 [Querquedula integra Miller 1944; Anas integra (Miller 1944); Spatula integra (Miller 1944)]
    • † (Tugarinov 1940) [ Tugarinov 1940]
    • † Miller 1944
  • † Wetmore 1930 (Late Miocene)
  • † Louchart et al. 2005 (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • † (Early Pliocene) – may belong in Tadorna
  • † Howard 1966 (Middle Pliocene)
  • † Short 1969 (Late Pliocene)
  • †Anabernicula Ross 1935 (Late Pliocene? – Late Pleistocene)
    • †A. minuscula (Wetmore 1924) [ Wetmore 1924] (Late Pliocene of Benson, Arizona)
    • †A. oregonensis Howard 1964b
    • †A. gracilenta Ross 1935
  • † Brodkorb 1961 (Pliocene)
  • † Worthy 2008 (Pliocene)
  • † Howard 1964 (Middle Pleistocene)
    • † Howard 1964
    • † (Short 1970) Livezey 1997 [ Short 1970]
  • † Campbell 1979 (Late Pleistocene)
  • † Harrison & Walker 1978 (Late Pleistocene)
  • †Ankonetta larriestrai Cenizo & Agnolín 2010
  • † Tonni 1979
  • †Chenoanas Zelenkov 2012
    • †Chenoanas asiatica Zelenkov et al. 2018^[18]
    • †Chenoanas deserta Zelenkov 2012
    • †Chenoanas sansaniensis (Milne-Edwards 1867) (Middle Miocene of Siberia and Late Miocene of France)^[18]
  • † Emslie 1992
  • †Mioquerquedula minutissima Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2012 [ Milne-Edwards 1867; Milne-Edwards, 1868; (Milne-Edwards 1868) Brodkorb 1964; (Milne-Edwards 1868) Brodkorb 1964] (Middle – Late? Miocene)
  • † Umanskaya 1979
  • †Shiriyanetta hasegawai Watanabe & Matsuoka 2015
  • † Agnolín 2006
  • † Stidham & Hilton 2015
  • † Nesov 1986
  • † Zelenkov 2011
  • † Zelenkov 2011
  • † Zelenkov 2011
    • † Zelenkov 2011
    • † (Hou 1985) Zelenkov 2012 [ Hou 1985]
  • †Bambolinetta lignitifila (Portis 1884) Mayr & Pavia 2014 [Anas lignitifila Portis 1884] (Early Pliocene of Monte Bamboli, Italy)
  • † (Kuročkin 1976) Zelenkov 2012 [ Kuročkin 1976; (Kuročkin 1976) Mlíkovský & Švec 1986]
  • Placement unresolved
    • †"Anas" albae Jánossy 1979 (Late Miocene) – formerly in Mergus
    • †"Anas" amotape Campbell 1979
    • †"Anas" eppelsheimensis Lambrecht 1933 (Early Pliocene)
    • †"Anas" isarensis Lambrecht 1933 (Late Miocene)
    • †"Anas" luederitzensis (Early Miocene)
    • †"Anas" sanctaehelenae Campbell 1979
    • †"Anser" scaldii [ Beneden 1872 nomen nudum; "Anas" scaldii] (Late Miocene)
    • †"Aythya" chauvirae (Middle Miocene) – 2 species
    • †"" nanus De Vis 1905 (Pleistocene) – at least 2 taxa, may be living species
    • †"" alphonsi Cheneval 1984
    • †"Oxyura" doksana Mlíkovský 2002 (Early Miocene)
    • †"cf. " (Middle Miocene)
    • †Anatidae gen. et sp. indet. MNZ S42797 (Early/Middle Miocene)
    • †Anatidae gen. et spp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
    • †Anatidae gen. et spp. indet. (Late Miocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Biziura Stephens 1824
      • † DeVis 1889
      • †B. delautouri Forbes 1892 [Biziura lobata delautouri (Forbes 1892)] (New Zealand musk duck)
    • Dendrocygna
      • † Wetmore 1924
      • † DeVis 1888
      • † (Kuročkin 1976) Mlíkovský & Švec 1986 [ Kuročkin 1976]
    • Somateria (middle Oligocene – Recent)
    • Bucephala
      • †B. cereti Boeuf & Mourer-Chauviré 1992
    • Clangula
      • †C. matraensis Kessler 2009
    • Aix
      • †A. praeclara Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2012
    • Cygnus
      • †C. mariae Bickart 1990
      • †C. csakvarensis (Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1992 [ Lambrecht 1931a nomen nudum; (Lambrecht 1933) Kretzoi 1957; (Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1992b]
      • †C. liskunae (Kuročkin 1976) [ Kuročkin 1976]
      • †C. atavus (Fraas 1870) Mlíkovský 1992 [ Fraas 1870; Fraas 1870; Fraas 1870; (Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933; (Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933]
      • †C. paloregonus Cope 1878 [Anser condoni Schufeldt 1892; Cygnus matthewi Schufeldt 1913]
      • †C. hibbardi Brodkorb 1958
      • †C. lacustris (De Vis 1905) [ De Vis 1905]
      • †C. verae Boev 2000
    • Chloephaga
      • †C. robusta Tambussi 1998
    • Histrionicus
      • †Histrionicus shotwelli (Brodkorb 1961) [ Brodkorb 1961]
    • Mergus
      • †M. connectens Jánossy 1972
      • †M. minor Kessler 2009
      • †M. miscellus Alvarez & Olson 1978
    • Anas
      • †A. elapsa DeVis 1888 [Nettion elapsum (DeVis 1888)] (Chinchilla Late Pleistocene of Condamine River, Australia) ("Nettion")
      • †A. gracilipes DeVis 1905 [Nettion gracilipes (DeVis 1905)] (Late Pleistocene of Australia) ("Nettion")
      • †A. moldovica (Late Pliocene of Tchichmiknaia, Moldovia?Georgia?)
      • †A. strenuum (Late Pleistocene of Patteramordu, Australia) ("Nettion")
      • †A. kisatibiensis [Anser kisatibiensis] (Early Pliocene of Kisatibi, Georgia)
      • †A. lambrechti (Spillman 1942) [Archeoquerquedula lambrechti Spillman 1942; Archaeoquerquedula (sic) lambrechti Stephens; Querquedula lambrechti (Spillman 1942)](Late? Pleistocene of Santa Elena peninsula, Ecuador)
      • †A. itchtucknee McCoy 1963
      • †A. kurochkini Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2015
      • †A. pullulans (Brodkorb 1961)
      • †A. schneideri Emslie 1985
      • †A. bunkeri (Wetmore 1944) [ Wetmore 1944]
      • †A. greeni (Brodkorb 1964) [ Brodkorb 1964]
      • †A. ogallalae (Brodkorb 1962) [ Brodkorb 1962]
      • †A. cheuen Agnolín 2006
    • Anser
      • †A. arenosus Bickart 1990
      • †A. arizonae Bickart 1990
      • †A. azerbaidzhanicus Serebrovsky 1940
      • †A. devjatkini Kuročkin 1971
      • †A. djuktaiensis Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2014
      • †A. eldaricus Burchak-Abramovich & Gadzyev 1978
      • †A. oeningensis (Meyer 1865) Milne-Edwards 1867b [ Meyer 1865]
      • †A. pratensis (Short 1970) [ Short 1970]
      • †A. tchikoicus Kuročkin 1985
      • †A. thompsoni Martin & Mengel 1980
      • †A. thraceiensis Burchak-Abramovich & Nikolov 1984
      • †A. pressa (Brodkorb 1964) [ Brodkorb 1964] (Dwarf Snow goose)
      • †A. udabnensis Burchak-Abramovich 1957
    • Aythya
      • †A. chauvirae Cheneval 1987
      • †A. denesi (Kessler 2013) Zelenkov 2016 [Anas denesi Kessler 2013]
      • †A. effodiata (DeVis 1905) [Nyroca effodiata DeVis 1905]
      • †A. magna Kuročkin 1985
      • †A. molesta (Kuročkin 1985) Zelenkov 1985 [ Kuročkin 1985]
      • †A. reclusa (DeVis 1888) [Nyroca reclusa DeVis 1888]
      • †A. robusta (DeVis 1888) [Nyroca robusta DeVis 1888]
      • †A. spatiosa Kuročkin 1976
    • Branta
      • †B. dickey Miller 1924
      • †B. esmeralda Burt 1929
      • †B. howardae Miller 1930
      • †B. hypsibata (Cope 1878) [Anser hypsibata Cope 1878]
      • †B. propinqua Schufeldt 1892
      • †B. thessaliensis Boev & Koufos 2006
    • Oxyura
      • †O. bessomi Howard 1963
      • †O. hulberti Emslie 1992
      • †O. zapatanima Alvarez 1977
    • Chendytes
      • †O. milleri Howard 1955 (Early Pleistocene of San Nicolás Island US)
    • Lophodytes (Late Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Neochen
      • †N. barbadiana Brodkorb 1965
      • †N. debilis (Ameghino 1891) [Chenalopex debilis Ameghino 1891]
      • †N. pugil (Winge 1888) [Chenalopex pugil Winge 1888]
    • Tadorna
      • †T. minor Kessler & Hir 2012
      • †T. petrina Kuročkin 1985

Galliformes[]

The group that includes domestic chickens and their relatives.

• Placement unresolved
  • † Crowe & Short 1992 (Oligocene) - phasianid?
  • † Lambrecht 1933 (Oligocene? - Late Miocene) - tetraonid or phasianid
    • † (Shufeldt 1915) [ Shufeldt 1915]
    • † (Stone 1915) [ Stone 1915]
  • †Austinornis lentus (Marsh 1877b) Clarke 2004 [ Marsh 1877b; (Marsh 1877b) Marsh 1880; (Marsh 1877b); Pedioecetes phasianellus (Linnaeus 1758) Shufeldt 1915; Linnaeus 1758] - (Late Cretaceous) tentatively placed here;
  • †Chambiortyx cristata Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2013
  • †"" tedfordi (Miller 1952) (Late Miocene)
  • †Linquornis gigantis Yeh 1980 (middle Miocene)
  • † Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford & 2011
  • † Wetmore 1930 (Early Miocene) - tetraonid?
  • † Hou 1987 (middle Miocene)
  • † Wetmore 1956 (Late Oligocene) - cracid?
  • †Palaeortyx Milne-Edwards 1869 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; Brodkorb 1964] (middle Eocene -? Early Pliocene) - phasianid or odontophorid
    • †P. media Milne-Edwards 1871 (nomen nudum)
    • †P. volans Göhlich & Pavia 2008
    • †P. gallica Milne-Edwards 1869 non Lydekker 1891 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards) Lambrecht 1933; (Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1964; ? Ballmann 1969b; (Milne-Edwards) Mlýkovský 2002a]
    • †P. brevipes Milne-Edwards 1869 emend. Paris 1912 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; Lydekker 1893 non Ballmann 1969a; (Lydekker 1893) Brodkorb 1964; Lydekker 1891 non Milne-Edwards 1892 emend. Gaillard 1908; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964]
    • †P. prisca (Milne-Edwards 1869) [ (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlýkovský 2002a; Milne-Edwards 1869 emend. Göhlich & Mourer-Chauviré 2005; Milne-Edwards 1869; Ennouchi 1930]
    • †P. phasianoides Milne-Edwards 1869 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2000e; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2002; Ennouchi 1930; (Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964; Ballmann 1969a non Lydekker 1893b; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1964]
    • †P. joleaudi Ennouchi 1930 [ (Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964; Ennouchi 1930; (Ennouchi 1930) Brodkorb 1964]
  • † Tordoff & Macdonald 1957 (middle Eocene? - Early Oligocene) - cracid? gallinuloidid?
  • †Shandongornis Yeh 1997 (middle Miocene)
    • †S. shanwanensis Yeh 1997
    • †S. yinansis Hou 2003
  • † Tomek et al. 2014
  • † Milne-Edwards 1869 (Late Oligocene) - gallinuloidid?
    • † (Gervais 1862) [ Gervais 1862]
    • † (Gaillard 1939) Ballmann 1969 [ Gaillard 1939]
  • Galliformes gen. et sp. indet. MCZ 342506 (Oligocene) - formerly in Gallinuloides; phasianid?
• † Lucas 1900
  • †Gallinuloides wyomingensis Eastman 1900 (Early/middle Eocene)
  • † Mayr 2000 (London Clay Early Eocene of Walton-on-the-Naze, England – middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)
    • † Mayr 2000
    • † Dyke & Gulas 2002
• † Mourer-Chauviré 1992
  • † (Gaillard 1939) Brodkorb 1964 [ Gaillard 1939]
  • † Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford & Senut 2015
  • † Gaillard 1908 sensu Brodkorb 1964
    • † Gaillard 1908 [ Lydekker 1891; Lambrecht 1933; (Lambrecht 1933) Brodkorb 1964]
    • † Gaillard 1908
• †Quercymegapodiidae Mourer-Chauviré 1992
  • †Taubacrex granivora dAlvarenga 1988 (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Brazil)
  • † Alvarenga 1995 (Late Oligocene – Early Miocene of Brazil and France)
    • † Alvarenga 1995
    • † Mourer-Chauviré 2000
  • † Mourer-Chauviré 1992 (middle Eocene – Early Oligocene)
    • † (Gaillard 1908) [ Gaillard 1908]
    • † Mourer-Chauviré 1992
• Megapodidae – megapodes
  • † Boles & Ivison 1999
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • †Leipoa gallinacea – formerly Chosornis, Palaeopelargus, Progura
• Cracidae – guans and curassows
  • † Brodkorb 1954 (Early Miocene) – may be same as Ortalis
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Ortalis (Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †O. affinis Feduccia & Wilson 1967
      • †O. phengites Wetmore 1923
      • †O. pollicaris Miller 1944
      • †O. tantala Wetmore 1933
• Odontophoridae – New World quails
  • † Weigel 1963 (Cypress Hills Early Oligocene of North Calf Creek, Canada)
  • † Holman 1961 (Early Pleistocene of Reddick, US)
  • † Miller 1944 (Rosebud Early Miocene of Flint Hill, US)
    • † Miller 1944
    • † Howard 1966
  • Placement unresolved
    • Odontophoridae gen. et sp. indet. KUVP 9393 (White River Early/middle Oligocene of Logan County, US)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • † Gutierrez et al. 1981 (Late Miocene? of Upper Sheep Creek, US)
    • † (Brodkorb 1958) [ Brodkorb 1958] (Middle Pliocene of McKay Reservoir, US)
    • † Wetmore 1944 (Rexroad Late Pliocene of Rexroad, US)
    • † Brodkorb 1959 (Early Pleistocene of SE US)
    • †Colinus sp. (Late Pliocene of Benson, US)
    • †Dendrortyx? sp. (Late Pleistocene of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico)
• Phasianidae – pheasants, quails, partridges, grouse and turkeys
  • † Kuročkin 1982
  • † Hou 1985
  • †Lophogallus naranbulakensis Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2010
  • † Sánchez Marco 2009 (Early Pliocene of Layna, Spain)
  • † Brodkorb 1952 [ Lambrecht 1933 nomen nudum; Miogallus Lambrecht 1933]
    • † (Lydekker 1893) Brodkorb 1964 [ Lydekker 1893]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Villalta & Crusafont 1950 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mlíkovský 2002; Milne-Edwards 1869; Fraas 1870; Shufeldt 1896; Milne-Edwardsi (Shufeldt 1896) Sharpe; Ammon 1918; Ammon 1918; (Fraas 1870) Lambrecht 1933; (Ammon 1918) Lambrecht 1933; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933; (Ammon 1918) Lambrecht 1933; (Ammon 1870) Gaillard 1939; (Shufeldt 1896) Brodkorb 1963c]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Cheneval 2000]
  • †Proagriocharis kimballensis Martin & Tate 1970 (Kimball Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Lime Creek, US)
  • † Depéret 1892 [ Boev 1997; Tugarinov 1940b non Gaillard 1939; Janossy 1974] (Late Pliocene of SW Europe)
    • † Depéret 1892 [ Lambrecht 1933; Tugarinov 1940b; (Tugarinov 1940b) Kretzoi 1955b; Jánossy 1974a; Jánossy 1974a; (Lambrecht 1933) Jánossy 1974a; Tchernov 1980; (Jánossy 1974a) Jánossy 1981; (Lambrecht 1933) Mlíkovský 1995b; (Depéret 1892) Mlíkovský 2002; Boev 1997a]
    • † Ennouchi 1930
    • † Sánchez Marco 2009
    • † (Depéret 1887) Ballmann 1969a [ Depéret 1887; Gaillard 1939; (Gaillard 1939) Ballmann 1969; (Depéret 1887) Brodkorb 1964; (Depéret 1887) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • † (Jánossy 1974) [ Jánossy 1974; Tugarinov 1940b; (Tugarinov 1940); (Tugarinov 1940) Kuročkin 1985; Jánossy 1974a]
    • † (Jánossy 1976b) [ Jánossy 1976b; (Jánossy 1976b) Mlíkovský 1995b]
  • † Běljajeva 1948
  • † Kretzoi 1955 [ Gaillard 1939 non Tugarinov 1940]
    • † (Gaillard 1939) [ Gaillard 1939]
    • † (Gaillard 1939) [ Gaillard 1939]
    • † Mourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2010
    • † (Jánossy 1991) Zelenkov & Panteleyev 2014 [ Jánossy 1991]
  • † Burchak-Abramovich & Meladze 1972
  • †Rhegminornis calobates Wetmore 1943 (Early Miocene of Bell, US)
  • † (Eastman 1905) Brodkorb 1964 [ Eastman 1905] (middle Eocene – Early Oligocene)
  • †Shandongornis Yeh 1997
    • †S. shanwanensis Yeh 1997
    • †S. yinansis Hou 2003
  • † Wang et al. 2006
  • † Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009 (Middle Miocene of Sharga, Mongolia)
    • † Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009
    • † Zelenkov & Kuročkin 2009
  • Placement unresolved
    • Tetraoninae gen. et sp. indet. (Sajóvölgyi Middle Miocene of Mátraszõlõs, Hungary)
    • Meleagridae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene of Westmoreland County, US)
    • "" stirtoni Miller 1944 (Early Miocene of South Dakota)
    • Shuefeldt 1915 (Pleistocene? of New Jersey)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Coturnix (Late Oligocene – Recent)
    • Bambusicola (Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †B. dalianensis (Hou 1990) [ Hou 1990]
      • †B. nini Sánchez Marco 2009
      • †B. praebonasia (Jánossy 1974) Bocheński 1991 [ Jánossy 1974]
    • Phasianus (Late Miocene)
      • †P. lufengia Hou 1985
      • †P. yanshansis Huang & Hou 1984
    • Crossoptilon
      • †C. jiai Hou 1982
    • Lophura
      • †L. wayrei Harrison & Walker 1982
    • Gallus (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †G. aesculapii Jánossy 1976
      • †G. beremendensis Jánossy 1977
      • †G. georgicus
      • †G. imereticus
      • †G. karabachensis Baryšnikov & Potapova 1995 (Giant junglefowl)
      • †G. kudarensis Burčak-Abramovič & Potapova
      • †G. meschtscheriensis
      • †G. tamanensis
    • Lagopus (Early? Pliocene – Recent)
      • †L. atavus Jánossy 1974
      • †L. balcanicus Boev 1995
      • †L. lagopus noaillensis Mourer-Chauviré 1975
      • †L. muta correzensis Mourer-Chauviré 1975
    • Meleagris (Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †M. celer Marsh 1872
      • †M. tridens Wetmore 1931
      • †M. progenes (Brodkorb 1964) [ Brodkorb 1964]
      • †M. leopoldi
      • †M. anza (Howard 1963) [ Howard 1963]
      • †M. crassipes Rea 1980
    • Pavo (Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †P. bravardi (Gervais 1849) [ Abramovich, Ganea & Shushpanov 1993]
    • Tetrao (Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †T. conjugens Jánossy 1974
      • †T. macropus Jánossy 1976
      • †T. partium (Kretzoi 1962)
      • †T. praeurogallus Jánossy 1969
      • †T. rhodopensis Boev 1998
    • Lyrurus
      • †Lyrurus tetrix longipes
    • Francolinus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †F. capeki Jánossy 1974
      • †F. villanyiensis Jánossy 1974
      • †F. wenzensis Jánossy 1974
    • Perdix (Early Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †P. inferna (Kurochkin 1985) [ Kuročkin 1985]
      • †P. margaritae Kuročkin 1985
      • †P. palaeoperdix Mourer-Chauviré 1975
    • Syrmaticus
      • †S. kozlovae Kuročkin 1985
    • Bonasa (Early/Middle Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †B. dalianensis (Hou 1990) [ Hou 1990]
      • †B. nini Sánchez Marco 2009
      • †B. praebonasia (Jánossy 1974) Bocheński 1991 [ Jánossy 1974]
    • Dendragapus (Late Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †D. gilli (Brodkorb 1964) [ Brodkorb 1964]
      • †D. lucasi Jehl 1969
    • Alectoris
      • †A. baryosefi Tchernov 1980
      • †A. bavarica Ballmann 1969
      • †A. peii Hou 1982

Charadriiformes[]

Gulls, auks, shorebirds

• Basal and unresolved taxa
  • Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Late Cretaceous) – burhinid? basal?
  • "Morsoravis" (Late Paleocene/Early Eocene) – a nomen nudum?
  • (middle Eocene) – charadriid?
  • (Early Oligocene) – glareolid?
  • (Early Oligocene) – turnicid?
  • (Early Miocene)
  • " (Early Miocene of SE France) – larid? stercorarid?
  • " (John Day Early Miocene of Willow Creek, US) – larid?
  • Charadriiformes gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species, 1 probably larid
  • Charadriiformes gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
  • "Totanus" teruelensis (Late Miocene of Los Mansuetos, Spain) – scolopacid? larid?
  • "Actitis" balcanica (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria) – scolopacid? charadriid?
• Scolopacidae – waders and snipes
  • (Early Oligocene)
  • (Middle Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Scolopacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle – Late Miocene)
    • Scolopacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Pliocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Limosa (Late Eocene? – Recent)
    • Tringa (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene? – Recent) – includes Totanus
    • Gallinago (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Scolopax (Early/Middle Pliocene? – Recent)
    • Phalaropus (Middle Pliocene – Recent)
    • Actitis (Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Numenius (Late Pleistocene – Recent) – includes Palnumenius
• Jacanidae – jacanas
  • (Early Oligocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
• Laridae – gulls
  • Laridae gen. et sp. indet. (Early Oligocene)
  • (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene) – larid? Formerly "Larus" elegans and "L." totanoides
  • Miller & Sibley 1941 non Fischer 1983 (Middle/Late Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Larus (Middle Miocene – Recent)
• Alcidae – auks
  • Hydrotherikornis (Late Eocene)
  • (Middle – Late Miocene)
  • Petralca (Early –? Late Oligocene)
  • (Middle Miocene)
  • Alcodes (Late Miocene)
  • Praemancalla (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • Mancalla (Late Miocene – Early Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Cepphus (Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Cerorhinca (Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Uria (Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Aethia (Late Miocene – Recent)
    • Alca (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Synthliboramphus (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Fratercula (Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Pinguinus (Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Brachyramphus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Ptychoramphus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
• Stercorariidae – skuas and jaegers
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Stercorarius sp. (Middle Miocene)
    • (Fossil Lake Middle Pleistocene of WC US)
    • Prehistoric subspecies of extant species
      • Stercorarius pomarinus philippi
• Glareolidae – pratincoles
  • (Agate Fossil Beds Early Miocene of Sioux County, US)
  • (Early Miocene of Czech Republic) - formerly "Larus" dolnicensis
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
• Burhinidae – thick-knees
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • (Early Miocene)
    • Burhinus sp. (Cuba, West Indies)
    • Burhinus sp. (Late Pleistocene of Las Higueruelas, Spain)
    • Prehistoric subspecies of extant species
      • Burhinus bistriatus nanus (Bahamas, West Indies)
• Charadriidae – plovers
  • (John Day Early Miocene of Malheur County, US)
  • Viator (Late Pleistocene of Talara, Peru) – may be synonym of Vanellus (or Belanopteryx if valid)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Vanellus (Middle/Late Pleistocene – Recent) – includes Belanopteryx
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera
• Recurvirostridae – avocets
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Himantopus (Late Miocene – Recent)
  • Additional prehistoric species of extant genera

†Gastornithiformes (extinct)[]

The diatrymas, a group of huge flightless Paleogene birds of unclear affinities. Traditionally placed within the Gruiformes, they are usually considered a distinct order nowadays and appear closer to the Anseriformes.

• Gastornithidae
  • † Dughi & Sirugue 1969 [ootaxa- Gastornis?]
  • †Ornithoformipes controversus [ichnotaxa]
  • † [ichnotaxa]
  • †Gasthornithidae gen. et sp. indet. (Paleocene) – possibly Gastornis
  • †Gasthornithidae gen. et sp. indet. YPM PU 13258 (Early Eocene) – possibly juvenile Gastornis giganteus
  • †"Diatryma" cotei Galliard 1936 (middle-Late Eocene)
  • †Gastornis Hébert 1855 [Diatryma Cope 1876; Marsh 1894; Omorhamphus Sinclair 1928; Palaeornis Bonaparte 1856; Seeley 1866; Zhongyuanus Hou 1980] (Late Paleocene – middle Eocene)
    • †G. parisiensis Hébert 1855 [ Lemoine 1878; Newton 1885]
    • †G. giganteus (Cope 1876) [ Cope 1876; Marsh 1894; (Marsh 1894); Omorhamphus storchii Sinclair 1928 (juvenile); Matthew & Granger 1917; Shufeldt 1913; (Shufeldt 1913) Brodkorb 1967]
    • †G. sarasini (Schaub 1929) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Schaub, 1929b; Fischer 1978; (Fischer 1978)]
    • †G. russeli Martin 1992
    • †G. xichuanensis (Hou 1980) Buffetaut 2013 [Zhongyuanus xichuanensis Hou 1980]

Gruiformes[]

The group that includes modern rails and cranes. Probably paraphyletic.

• Placement unresolved
  • † Fischer 1997 (Early Oligocene)– rallid? parvigruid?
    • † Mayr 2012
    • † Fischer 1997
  • †"Gruiformes" gen. et sp. indet. MNZ S42623 (Early/Middle Miocene)– Aptornithidae?
• †Songziidae Hou 1990 possibly a nomen nudum
  • †Songzia Hou 1990(Eocene) possibly a nomen nudum
    • †S. heidangkouensis Hou 1990
    • †S. acutunguis Wang et al. 2012
• †Eogruidae Wetmore 1934

.

• • † Kuročkin 1981 (Ergilin Dzo Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Khor Dzan, Mongolia)
  • † Wetmore 1932 [ Bendukidze 1971] (Irdin Manha Middle/Late Eocene – Tung Gur Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Mongolia)
    • † Wetmore 1932
    • † Kuročkin 1981
    • † (Bendukidze 1971) [ Bendukidze 1971]
    • † Brodkorb 1967
  • †Ergilornithinae
  • † Kozlova 1960 (Early/middle Oligocene of Ergil-Obo, Mongolia)
  • † Kozlova 1960(Early/middle Oligocene of Ergil-Obo, Mongolia)
    • †
    • †
  • † Lydekker 1891 [ Harrison 1981]
    • † (Karkhu 1997) [ Karkhu 1997]
    • † Lydekker 1891 [ (Mecquenem 1925) Kuročkin 1985; Mecquenem 1925] [treated as ciconiid by Louchart et al. 2005]
    • † Kuročkin 1985
    • † (Harrison & Walker 1982) Kuročkin 1985 [ Harrison & Walker 1982]
    • † (Kuročkin 1981) Kuročkin 1985 [ Kuročkin 1981]
    • † (Kuročkin 1981) Kuročkin 1985 [ Kuročkin 1981]
• †Geranoididae Wetmore 1933
  • † Cracraft 1969 (Willwood Early Eocene of Foster Gulch, US)
  • † Wetmore 1933 (Willwood Early Eocene of South Elk Creek, US)
  • † Cracraft 1969 (Bridger middle Eocene of Church Buttes, US)
  • † Bourdon, Mourer-Chauviré & Laurent 2014
  • †Palaeophasianus Shufeldt 1913 (Willwood Early Eocene of Bighorn County, US)
    • † Shufeldt 1913
    • † Cracraft 1969
  • † Lambrecht 1933 (Early Eocene of WC US)
    • † (Loomis 1906) Lambrecht 1933 [ Loomis 1906; (Loomis 1906)]
    • † Cracraft 1969
• †Parvigruidae Mayr 2005
  • †Parvigrus pohli Mayr 2005 (Early Oligocene of Pichovet, France)
• Aramidae Bonaparte 1854
  • † Wetmore 1940 (middle Oligocene)– aramid?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Aramus paludigrus Rasmussen 1997 (Middle Miocene of La Venta, Colombia)- Aramid
• Gruidae – cranes
  • †Camusia quintanai Seguí 2002 (Late Miocene of Menorca, Mediterranean)
  • † Wetmore 1926 (Middle Miocene) – gruid? aramid?
    • † Wetmore 1926
    • †
    • †
  • † Portis 1885 (middle Eocene of Germany and Italy – Middle Miocene of France)
    • † Portis 1884 [ (sic) Zigno 1875 nomen nudum; (Portis 1885) Lydekker 1891a]
    • † (Lydekker 1891) Lambrecht 1933 [ Lydekker 1891; (Lydekker) Brodkorb 1967]
    • † Göhlich 2003
  • † Lydekker 1871 Hordwell Late Eocene– Early Oligocene of England)– gruiform (gruid?) or anseriform (anseranatid?)?
  • † Gureev 1949 (Ferghana Late? Eocene of Ferghana, Uzbekistan)
  • † (Early Pliocene of Eppelsheim, Germany)
  • † Kurochkin 1985 (Late Oligocene? – Middle Pliocene) gruid? A nomen dubium?
  • Gruidae gen. et sp. indet. – formerly Grus conferta Miller & Sibley 1942 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene of Contra Costa County, US)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Balearica (Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †B. crataegensis (Brodkorb 1963) [ Brodkorb 1963]
      • †B. excelsa (Milne-Edwards 1871) Mlíkovský 2002 [ (Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933; Milne-Edwards 1871; (Milne-Edwards 1871) Brodkorb 1967]
      • † Feduccia & Voorhies 1992
      • † (Mlíkovský 1998) Mourer-Chauviré 2001 [ Mlíkovský 1998] (giant barn-owl)
    • Grus (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †G. bogatshevi
      • †G. haydeni Marsh 1870
      • †G. latipes []
      • † (Kuročkin & Ganya 1972) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Kuročkin & Ganya 1972]
      • † Wetmore & Martin 1930
      • †G. pagei Campbell 1995
      • † Gaudry 1862 [ (Gaudry 1862) Lambrecht 1933; Mourer-Chauviré et al. 1985]
      • † Milne-Edwards 1869
      • †G. melitensis Lydekker 1890 (Maltese crane)
• Rallidae – rails
  • † Marsh 1872 [ Lambrecht 1933] (middle Eocene)
    • † (Shufeldt 1915) Lambrecht 1933 [ Shufeldt 1915; (Shufeldt 1915)]
    • † Marsh 1872
    • † Marsh 1872
    • † Marsh 1872 [ (Marsh 1872) Shufeldt; (Marsh 1872) Lambrecht 1933]
    • † Marsh 1872
  • †Australlus Worthy & Boles 2011
    • †A. disneyi (Boles 2005) Worthy & Boles 2011 [Gallinula disneyi Boles 2005]
    • †A. gagensis Worthy & Boles 2011
  • † De Pietri & Mayr 2014
  • †Belgirallus Mayr & Smith 2001 (Early Oligocene)
    • † Mayr & Smith 2001
    • † Mayr & Smith 2001
  • † Shufeldt 1892 (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene)
  • † Wetmore 1931 (Early Eocene)
    • † Wetmore 1931
    • † Panteleyev 2001
  • † Mercerat 1897 (Pleistocene)– rallid?
    • † Mercerat 1897
    • † Mercerat 1897
    • † Mercerat 1897
  • † (Marsh 1872) Lambrecht 1933 [ Marsh 1872] (middle Eocene)
  • † Lydekker 1891 (Late Eocene)
  • † Harrison & Walker 1979 (middle Eocene)
    • † Harrison & Walker 1979
    • † Harrison & Walker 1979
  • † (Van Beneden 1871) Lambrecht 1933 [ Van Beneden 1871] (Middle Miocene)
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [ Milne-Edwards 1869] (Middle – Late Miocene)
  • † Lambrecht 1933 [ Lambrecht 1933; Kuročkin & Ganya 1972] (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – Late Miocene)
    • † (Kuročkin & Ganya 1972) Olson 1977 [ Kuročkin & Ganya 1972; (Kurochkin &Ganya 1972)]
    • † Cracraft 1973
    • † Kuročkin 1980 [ (Kurochkin, 1980)]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1967]
    • † []
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Cracraft 1973 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Brodkorb 1967); (Milne-Edwards) Kuročkin & Ganea 1972; Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933; (Milne-Edwards 1869)]
  • † Wetmore 1931 (Early Eocene)
    • † Wetmore 1931
    • † Cracraft 1973
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1871) Lambrecht 1933 [ Švec 1983; Milne-Edwards 1871; Švec 1983] (Late Oligocene/?Early Miocene –? Middle Miocene)
  • † Harrison & Walker 1979 (Early – middle Eocene)
    • † Harrison & Walker 1979
    • † Harrison 1984
    • † Harrison 1984
    • † Harrison 1984
  • † (Kuročkin 1980) Zelenkov 2013 [ Kuročkin 1980]
  • †Pleistorallus flemingi Worthy 1997 (Fleming's rails)
  • † (Late Eocene –? Late Oligocene)
    • † Brodkorb 1963 [ Milne-Edwards 1868; Oberholser 1917; (Oberholser 1917)]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1891) Lambrecht 1933 [ Milne-Edwards 1891]
    • † Cracraft 1973
  • † (Middle/Late Oligocene)
    • † Kessler & Hir 2012
    • † Jánossy 1991
    • † Lambrecht 1933
  • †Rhenanorallus rhenanus Mayr 2010
  • † Hou 1994
  • † (Middle Miocene)
    • † Yeh 1981
    • † Yeh & Bo 1989
  • Placement unresolved
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene)– several species
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP V55013/-14; UMMP V55012/V45750/V45746 (Late Pliocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP V29080 (Late Pliocene)
    • Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Bermuda, West Atlantic)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Rallus [† Miller 1942] (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †R. auffenbergi (Brodkorb 1954) [ Brodkorb 1954]
      • †R. cyanocavi Steadman & Wright 2013
      • †R. ibycus Olson & Wingate 2000
      • †R. lacustris Brodkorb
      • †R. minutus Alcover et al. 2015 non Pallas 1776 non Gmelin 1789 non Forster 1844
      • †R. natator (Miller 1942) [ Miller 1942]
      • †R. phillipsi Wetmore
      • †R. prenticei Wetmore 1944
      • †R. recessus Olson & Wingate 2001
      • †R. richmondi Olson 1977 [ Portis 1887 non Piller & Mitterpacher 1783]
    • Porzana (Middle? Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. botunensis Boev 2015
      • †P. estramosi Jánossy 1979
      • †P. kretzoii Kessler 2009
      • †P. matraensis Kessler 2009
      • †P. piercei Olson & Wingate 2000
      • †P. risillus Kuročkin 1980 [ (Kuročkin 1980) Kuročkin 1985]
    • Gallinula (Late Oligocene – Recent)
      • †G. balcanica Boev 1999
      • †G. brodkorbi McCoy 1963
      • †G. gigantea Černov 1980
      • †G. kansarum Brodkorb 1967 [Fulica americana (in partim)]
    • Fulica (Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †F. infelix Brodkorb 1961
      • †F. podagrica Brodkorb 1965 (nomen dubium)
      • †F. stekelesi Tchernov 1968
    • Laterallus
      • †L. guti Brodkorb 1952
      • †L. insignis Feduccia 1968 (Rexroad Late Pliocene of Rexroad, US)
      • †L. sp. (Late Pliocene of Macasphalt Shell Pit, US)
    • Coturnicops
      • †C. avita Feduccia 1968 (Glenns Ferry Late Pliocene of Hagerman, US)
    • Porphyrio
      • †P. parvus Harrison & Walker 1982

Eurypygiformes[]

• †Aptornithidae Bonaparte 1856
  • † Worthy, Tennyson & Scofield 2011
• Eurypygidae Selby 1840
  • † Weidig 2003 nomen nudum
• †Messelornithidae Hesse 1988 – Messel-birds
  • †Pellornis mikkelseni Bertelli, Chiappe & Mayr 2011
  • †Itardiornis hessae Mourer-Chauviré 1995
  • †Messelornis Hesse 1988
    • †M. russelli Mourer-Chauviré 1995 ["Messelornis" russelli sensu Mayr 2007]
    • †M. nearctica Hesse 1992
    • †M. cristata Hesse 1988

Cariamiformes[]

• †Itaboravis elaphrocnemoides Mayr, Alvarenga & Clarke 2011
• † Mayr 2007
• †Qianshanornithidae Mayr et al. 2013
  • †Qianshanornis rapax Mayr et al. 2013
• † Mayr 2002
  
  • † Mayr 2000
• †Ameghinornithidae Mourer-Chauviré 1981
  • †Strigogyps Gaillard 1908 [Aenigmavis Peters 1987; Ameghinornis Mourer-Chauviré 1981; Eocathartes Lambrecht 1935 non Wetmore 1944; Geiseloceros Lambrecht 1935]
    • †S. dubius Gaillard 1908
    • †S. robustus (Lambrecht 1935) [ Lambrecht 1935; Lambrecht 1935] (middle Eocene of Germany)
    • †S. sapea (Peters 1987) [Aenigmavis sapea Peters 1987; Mourer-Chauviré 1981]

• †Bathornithidae Wetmore 1933
  • †Eutreptornis uintae Cracraft 1971 (Uinta Late Eocene of Ouray Agency, US)
  • †Neocathartes grallator (Wetmore 1944) Wetmore 1950 [Eocathartes Wetmore 1944 non Lambrecht 1935; Wetmore 1944; (Wetmore 1944) Olson 1985] (Late Eocene)
  • †Paracrax Brodkorb 1964 (Early/middle Oligocene of Gerry's Ranch, US – Brule Late Oligocene of South Dakota, US)
    • †P. antiqua (Marsh 1871) Cracraft 1971 [Meleagris antiquus Marsh 1871; (Shufeldt 1915); Shufeldt 1915]
    • †P. wetmorei Cracraft 1968
    • †P. gigantea Cracraft 1968
  • †Bathornithidae gen. nov. (Early – middle Oligocene of C US) – formerly Bathornis celeripes Wetmore 1933 and B. cursor Wetmore 1933
  • †Bathornis Wetmore 1927 (Early Oligocene – Early Miocene of C US)
    • †B. minor Cracraft 1971
    • †B. veredus Wetmore 1927 [ Wetmore 1927] (Early Oligocene of WC North America)
    • †B. fax (Wetmore 1927) Cracraft 1968 [ Wetmore 1927]
    • †B. geographicus Wetmore 1942
    • †B. fricki Cracraft 1968

Paraphysornis

• †Idiornithidae Brodkorb 1965 [Orthocnemidae]
  • †Dynamopterus Milne-Edwards 1892 [Idiornis Oberholser 1899; Milne-Ewards 1892 non Jekel 1854] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany –? Quercy Phosphorites middle Oligocene of Quercy, France)
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mourer-Chauviré 1983 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
    • † (Mayr 2002) Mourer-Chauviré 2013 [ Mayr 2002]
    • † (Peters 1995) Mourer-Chauviré 2013 [ Peters 1995]
    • † (Cracraft 1973) Mourer-Chauviré 2013 [ Cracraft 1973]
    • † (Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mourer-Chauviré 2013 [ Mourer-Chauviré 1983; (Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mlíkovský 2002]
  • † Reichenbach 1852 [Elaphrocnemus Milne-Edwards 1892; Milne-Edwards 1892] (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of France)
    • † (Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Mourer-Chauviré 1983]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) [ Milne-Edwards 1892]
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) [ Milne-Edwards 1892; Milne-Edwards 1892; Milne-Edwards 1892]
    • † (Giebel 1847) Reichenbach 1852 [ Giebel 1847; Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Oberholser 1899; Mlíkovský 1989b]
    • † (Harrison & Walker 1979) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Harrison & Walker 1979]
  • † Milne-Edwards 1869 [ Harrison & Walker 1977] (Montmartre Late Eocene of Montmartre, France)
    • † Milne-Edwards 1869
    • † (Harrison & Walker 1977) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Harrison & Walker 1977]
  • † Lydekker 1891 [ Mourer-Chauviré 1983] (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene)
    • †
    • † (Mourer-Chauviré 1983) Mlíkovský 2002 [ Mourer-Chauviré 1983]
    • † Lydekker 1891
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mourer-Chauvire 1983 [ Milne-Edwards 1892 non Lydekker 1891a; Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský 2002]
  • † Milne-Edwards 1868 (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of France) – threskiornithid?
    • † De Pietri & Mayr 2014
    • † De Pietri & Mayr 2014
    • † Milne-Edwards 1868
• †Phorusrhacidae Ameghino 1899 – Terror birds
  • †Lavocatavis africana Mourer-Chauviré et al. 2011
  • † Agnolin & Chafrat 2015
  • †Eleutherornis Schaub 1940 (Late Eocene)
    • †E. helveticus Schaub 1940
    • †E. cotei Gaillard 1936
  • †Paleopsilopterus itaboraiensis Alvarenga 1985 (Middle Paleocene)
  • †Procariama simplex Rovereto 1914 (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †Psilopterus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [Pelecyornis Ameghino 1891; Mercerat 1897] (middle Oligocene – Late Miocene)
    • †P. bachmanni (Moreno & Mercerat 1891) [ Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Ameghino 1891; Sinclair & Farr 1932]
    • †P. lemoinei (Moreno & Mercerat 1891) [ Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Psilopterus australis Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Ameghino 1895; Ameghino 1895; Mercerat 1897; Mercerat 1897; Sinclair & Farr 1932]
    • †P. affinis (Ameghino 1899) [ Ameghino 1899]
    • †P. colzecus Tonni & Tambussi 1988
  • †Llallawavis scagliai Degrange et al. 2015
  • †Mesembriornis Moreno 1889 [ Moreno 1889; Rovereto 1914; Hermosiornis Rovereto 1914] (Late Miocene – Late Pliocene)
    • †M. milneedwardsi Moreno 1889 [ Moreno 1889; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Rovereto 1914; Kraglievich 1946; Brodkorb 1967]
    • †M. incertus (Rovereto 1914) [ Rovereto 1914]
  • †Patagornis marshi Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [ Lambrecht 1933; Tolmodus Ameghino 1891; Ameghino 1891; Ameghino 1891; (Lambrecht 1933) Brodkorb 1967; Lambrecht 1933] (Early – Middle Miocene)
  • †Andrewsornis abbotti Paterson 1941 (middle – Late Oligocene)
  • †Andalgalornis steulleti (Kraglievich 1931) Patterson & Kraglievich 1960 [Phororhacos steulleti Kraglijevič 1931; Phororhacos deautieri Kraglijevič 1931; Andalgalornis ferox Patterson & Kraglijevič 1960] (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †Phorusrhacos longissimus Ameghino 1887 [ Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Darwinornis Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Mercerat 1893; Ameghino 1895 non Dalman 1820; Ameghino 1901; Ameghino 1895; Ameghino 1889; Ameghino 1891; Ameghino 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Mercerat 1893; Ameghino 1895; Ameghino 1901; Ameghino 1895; Dolgopol de Saez 1927] (Early – Middle Miocene)
  • †Devincenzia pozzi (Kraglievich 1931) Kraglievich 1932 [Onactornis Cabrera 1939; Kraglievich 1931; Kraglievich 1931; Kraglievich 1932; Cabrera 1939; (Kraglievich 1931) Brodkorb 1967; (Kraglievich 1931) Brodkorb 1967] (Late Miocene – Early Pliocene)
  • †Titanis walleri Brodkorb 1963 (Early – Late Pliocene)
  • †Kelenken guillermoi Bertelli, Chiappe & Tambussi 2007 (Early – Late Pliocene)
  • †Physornis fortis Ameghino 1895 [ Ameghino 1898; Ameghino 1898] (middle – Late Oligocene)
  • †Paraphysornis brasiliensis (Alvarenga 1982) Alvarenga 1993 [ Alvarenga 1982] (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene)
  • †Brontornis burmeisteri Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [ Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Ameghino 1895] (Early – Middle Miocene)
• Cariamidae Bonaparte 1850 – seriemas
  • † Ameghino 1899
  • † Ameghino 1899 [ Sharpe 1892; Sharpe 1899]
  • † Ameghino 1899
  • †Noriegavis santacrucensis (Noriega, Vizcaino & Bargo 2009) Agnolin 2009 [ Noriega, Vizcaino & Bargo 2009]
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Chunga
      • † Tonni 1974

Otidiformes[]

• Otididae – bustards
  • † Zubareva 1939 [ Serebrovskyj 1941; Vojinstvens'kyj 1967]
  • † Burchak-Abramovich & Vekua 1981
  • † Umanskaya 1979
  • † Hou 1982
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • Chlamydotis Brodkorb 1967 [ Lydekker 1891a]
      • †C. affinis (Lydekker)
      • †C. mesetaria Sánchez Marco 1990
    • Tetrax
      • †T. paratetrax (Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987) [ Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987]
    • Otis
      • †O. bessarabicus Kessler & Gal 1996
      • †O. hellenica Boev, Lazaridis & Tsoukala 2014
      • †O. khosatzkii Bocheński & Kuročkin 1987 (Late Pliocene of Varshets, Bulgaria)

Phoenicopteriformes[]

• Placement unresolved
  • †Phoeniconotius eyrensis Miller 1963 [ Miller 1963] (Etadunna Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Lake Pitikanta, Australia)
• †Palaelodidae Stejneger 1885 – Swimming-flamingos
  • † Mayr & Smith 2002 (stout-legged flamingos) - (Borgloon Early Oligocene of Hoogbutsel, Belgium)
  • †Palaelodus Milne-Edwards 1863 [ Lambrecht 1933] (middle Oligocene –? Middle Pleistocene)
    • †P. ambiguus Milne-Edwards 1863 [ Milne-Edwards 1871; (Milne-Edwards 1871); Palaelodus gracilipes Milne-Edwards 1863; Milne-Edwards 1863; (sic) Milne-Edwards 1868, Grigorescu & Kessler 1977]
    • †P. aotearoa Worthy et al. 2010
    • † (Lambrecht 1933) [ Lambrecht 1933]
    • † Zelenkov 2013
    • †P. pledgei Baird & Vickers-Rich 1998
    • †P. wilsoni Baird & Vickers-Rich 1998
  • †Megapaloelodus Miller 1944 (Late Oligocene – Early Pliocene)
    • †M. conectens (Miller 1944)
    • †M. peiranoi Agnolin 2009
    • †M. goliath (Milne Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1983c [ (sic) Milne-Edwards 1868]
    • †M. opsigonus Brodkorb 1961
• Phoenicopteridae – flamingos
  • †Harrisonavis croizeti (Gervais 1852) Kashin 1978 [ Harrison & Walker 1976 non Bonaparte 1854 non Waga 1858 non Robineau-Desvoidy 1863; Gervais 1852; (Gervais 1852) Harrison & Walker 1976]
  • † (Harrison & Walker 1976) Vickers-Rich & Walker 1983 [ Harrison & Walker 1976]
  • † Milne-Edwards 1868 [ Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Lydekker 1891; ] (Middle? Eocene – Early Oligocene)
    • † Aymard 1856 nomen nudum [; Lydekker 1891]
    • † Milne-Edwards 1868 [1856 Aymard nomen nudum]
    • † Milne-Edwards 1868 [ Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Aymard 1856 nomen nudum; Milne-Edwards 1868; (Milne-Edwards 1868) Lydekker 1891]
  • Placement unresolved
    • Phoenicopteridae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle? – Late Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Phoenicopterus (middle Oligocene – Recent)
      • †P. floridanus Brodkorb 1953
      • †P. stocki (Miller 1944)
      • †P. siamensis Cheneval et al. 1991
      • †P. gracilis Miller 1963 (Early Pleistocene of Lake Kanunka, Australia)

Podicipediformes[]

• Podicipedidae – grebes
  • † Švec 1982 (Early Miocene)
    • † Zelenkov 2015
    • † Švec 1982 [ (Švec 1984) Mlíkovský 2000]
  • † Dimitreijevich, Gál & Kessler 2002
  • † Murray 1967 (Late Pliocene – Early? Pleistocene)
  • † Navás 1922 [ (Navás 1922) Olson] (Late Miocene –? Early Pliocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene) – formerly included in Podiceps parvus
    • Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. UMMP 49592, 52261, 51848, 52276, KUVP 4484 (Late Pliocene)
    • Podicipedidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Aechmophorus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †A. elasson Murray 1967
    • Podilymbus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • †P. mujusculus Murray 1967
      • †P. wetmorei Storer 1976
      • †P. podiceps magnus
    • Podiceps (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. arndti Chandler 1990
      • †P. caspicus (Habizl 1783) [ Habizl 1783]
      • †P. csarnotatus Kessler 2009
      • †P. discors Murray 1967
      • †P. dixi Brodkorp 1963
      • †P. miocenicus Kessler 1984
      • †P. oligocaenus (Shufeldt)
      • †P. parvus (Shufeldt 1913) [ Schufeldt 1913]
      • †P. solidus Kuročkin 1985
      • †P. subparvus (Miller & Bowman 1958) [ Miller & Bowman 1958]

Phaethontiformes[]

• † Harrison & Walker 1976
  • †Lithoptila abdounensis Bourdon, Bouya & Iarochène 2005 (Late Paleocene – Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco)– including
  • †Prophaethon shrubsolei Andrews 1899 (Late Paleocene ?– Early Eocene)
• Phaethontidae Brandt 1831 – tropicbirds
  • ?† Harrison & Walker 1971 (London Clay Early Eocene of England) – Threskiornithidae?
  • † Bourdon, Amaghzaz & Bouya 2008 (Early Eocene of Ouled Abdoun Basin, Morocco)
  • †Heliadornis Olson 1985 (Miocene of North America and Europe)
    • †H. ashbyi Olson 1985
    • †H. minor Kessler 2009
    • †H. paratethydicus Mlíkovský 1997

Ciconiiformes[]

The diverse group that includes storks, herons and New World vultures. Paraphyletic as listed here.

• †Ciconiidae – storks
  • † Ameghino 1899
  • †Palaeoephippiorhynchus dietrichi Lambrecht 1930 (Early Oligocene)
  • † (Lydekker 1891c) Cheneval 1984 [ Lydekker 1891c; (Lydekker 1891)] (Early Miocene) – may be same as Prociconia
  • † Kretzoi 1962 (Early Pleistocene)
  • †Sanshuiornis zhangi Wang et al. 2012
  • Placement unresolved
    • Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. – formerly (Laube 1909) Brodkorb 1964; Laube 1909 (Early Miocene)
    • Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Miocene)
    • cf. Leptoptilos gen. et sp. indet. – formerly Harrison 1974 (Late Miocene? - Late Pliocene)
    • Ciconiidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pleistocene) – Ciconia or Mycteria?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Ciconia (Early Miocene? – Recent) – includes Xenorhynchus
      • †C. lydekkeri Ameghino 1891 (Middle to Late Pleistocene)
      • †C. gaudryi Lambrecht 1933
      • †C. minor Harrison 1980
      • †C. sarmatica Grigorescu & Kessler 1977
      • †C. kahli Haarhoff 1988
      • †C. louisebolesae Boles 2005
      • †C. lucida Kuročkin 1982
      • †C. maltha Miller 1910 (Asphalt/La Brea stork)
      • †C. nana (De Vis 1888) Rich & van Tets 1982 [Xenorhynchus nanus De Vis 1888] (Australian stork)
      • †C. stehlini Janossy 1992
    • Mycteria (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †M. milleri (Short 1966) [ Short 1966]
      • †M. wetmorei Howard 1935
    • Ephippiorhynchus (Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †E. tchoufour Louchart et al. 2008
      • †E. pakistanensis Harrison & Walker 1982
    • Leptoptilos (Late Miocene – Recent) – includes Cryptociconia
      • †L. falconeri (Milne-Edwards 1868) Lydekker 1884 [ Milne-Edwards 1867]
      • †L. pliocenicus Zubareva 1948
      • †L. inidcus (Harrison 1974) [ Harrison 1974]
      • †L. lüi Zhang et al. 2012
      • †L. patagonicus Noriega & Cladera 2008
      • †L. robustus Meijer & Awe Due 2010
      • †L. richae Harrison 1974
      • †L. titan Wetmore 1940
    • Jabiru (Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †J. codorensis Walsh & Sánchez 2008

Pelecaniformes[]

The group that includes modern pelicans and cormorants. As presented here paraphyletic; the tropicbird lineage is not part of this group and relationships with Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes require more research. Also, as the pelicans are at least as close to the Ciconiiformes as to cormorants, the latter group is being recognized as Phalacrocoraciiformes by some recent authors and the core Pelecaniformes are occasionally merged into the Ciconiiformes.

• Basal and unresolved forms
  • †Piscator tenuirostris Harrison & Walker 1976 (Early-Late Eocene of England) (Auk98:199)– basal phalacrococacoid?
  • †" (Gervais 1849) Harrison 1975 [ (Gervais 1849) Milne-Edwards 1897; ronzoni Gervais 1849] (Early Oligocene of Ronzon, France)
  • † "Pelecaniformes" gen. et sp. indet. (Jebel Qatrani Early Oligocene of Fayum, Egypt) basal phalacrococacoid (similar to Piscator?)?
• Fregatidae – frigatebirds
  • †Limnofregata Olson 1977 (Early Eocene)
    • †L. azygosternon Olson 1977
    • †L. hutchisoni Stidham 2014
    • †L. hasegawai Olson & Matsuoka 2005
• Sulidae – gannets and boobies
  • †Bimbisula melanodactylus Benson & Erickson 2013
  • † Lambrecht 1929 (Middle/Late Eocene)
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1867) Harrison 1975 [ Milne-Edwards 1867; Parasula] (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene)
  • †Masillastega rectirostris Mayr 2002 (middle Eocene)
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1874) Wetmore 1938 [; ; ; ; Pseudosula] (Late Oligocene – Middle Miocene)
  • † Miller 1925 (Late Miocene)
  • † (Miller 1935) Howard 1958 (?Early Pliocene)
  • †Rhamphastosula Stucchi & Urbina 2004 (Early Pliocene)
    • † Stucchi & Urbina 2004
    • † Stucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt 2015
  • † Grigorescu & Kessler 1977 (Middle Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene)
    • Sulidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Pliocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Morus (Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †M. avitus (Wetmore 1938) [ (Wetmore 1938); Wetmore 1938]
      • † Domning 1978 [ (Domning 1978)]
      • † (Cope 1870) Brodkorb 1963 [ Cope 1870; (Shufeldt 1915); Shufeldt 1915]
      • †M. olsoni Grigorescu & Kessler 1988
      • †M. peninsularis Brodkorb 1955 [ (Brodkorb 1955)]
      • †M. peruvianus Stucchi 2003 [ (Stucchi 2003)]
      • †M. recentior Howard 1949
      • †M. reyanus Howard 1936 (Del Rey gannet)
      • †M. vagabundus Wetmore 1930 [ (Wetmore 1930)]
      • †M. willetti (Miller 1925) [ Miller 1925]
    • Sula (Middle Pliocene – Recent)
      • †S. brandi Stucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt 2015
      • †S. figueroae Stucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt 2015
      • †S. clarki Chandler 1990
      • †S. humeralis Miller & Bowman 1958 [ Miller & Bowman 1958]
      • †S. magna (Howard 1978) Stucchi 2003 [ Howard 1978]
      • †S. pohli Howard 1958
      • †S. sulita Stucchi 2003
      • †S. universitatis Brodkorb 1963

Copepteryx

• Phalacrocoracidae – cormorants and shags
  • † Mourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney 2004 (Late Oligocene of C Europe) – phalacrocoracid? basal phalacrococacoid?
    • † Mourer-Chauviré, Berthet & Hugueney 2004
    • † Göhlich & Mourer-Chauviré 2010
  • † Kuročkin 1968 (middle Oligocene)
    • † Kuročkin 1968
    • † Mayr 2009
  • †Nambashag Worthy 2011
    • †N. billerooensis Worthy 2011
    • †N. microglaucus Worthy 2011
  • † Cheneval 1984 (Late Oligocene?/Early Miocene – Middle Miocene)
    • † Mayr 2014
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1868) [? (Milne-Edwards 1868)]
    • † (Mourer-Chauviré 1978) Mlíkovský 1998 [ Mourer-Chauviré 1978]
  • †Valenticarbo praetermissus Harrison 1979 (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene) – a nomen dubium
  • † Lambrecht 1933
    • † Milne-Edwards 1868 [ (Milne-Edwards 1868)]
    • † (Mayr 2007) Mayr 2014 [ Mayr 2001; Mayr 2007]
  • Placement unresolved
    • †Phalacrocoracidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Eocene ?–? mid-Oligocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Phalacrocorax (Oligocene –? Recent) – may be several genera. Includes , Miocorax
      • †P. gregorii De Vis 1905
      • †P. gregorii (De Vis 1905) [ De Vis 1905]
      • †P. chapalensis Alvarez 1977
      • †P. destefani (Regalia 1902) [ Regalia 1902]
      • †P. femoralis (Miller 1929) [ Miller 1929]
      • †P. filyawi Emslie 1995b
      • †P. goletensis Howard 1965
      • †P. ibericus Villalta 1963
      • †P. idahensis (Marsh 1870) [ Marsh 1870]
      • †P. intermedius (Milne-Edwards 1867) [, ; (Milne-Edwards); ]
      • †P. kennelli (Howard 1949)
      • †P. kuehneanus Schlüter 1991
      • †P. longipes (Tugarinov 1940) [ Tugarinov 1940]
      • †P. leptopus Brodkorb 1961
      • †P. macer Brodkorb
      • †P. macropus (Cope 1878) [ Cope 1878]
      • †P. marinavis (Shufeldt 1915) [ Shufeldt 1915]
      • †P. mongoliensis Kuročkin 1971
      • †P. owrei Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré 1984
      • †P. reliquus Kuročkin 1976
      • †P. rogersi (Howard 1932)
      • †P. serdicensis Burčak-Abramovič & Nikolov 1984
      • †P. tanzaniae Harrison & Walker 1979
      • †P. wetmorei Brodkorb 1955
• †Plotopteridae – diving-"boobies"
  • †Copepteryx Olson & Hasegawa 1996
    • †C. hexeris Olson & Hasegawa 1996
    • †C. titan Olson & Hasegawa 1996
  • †Hokkaidornis abashiriensis Sakurai, Kimura & Katoh 2008
  • † Goedert 1988
  • † Howard 1969
  • † Olson 1980
    • † Olson 1980
    • † Dyke, Xia & Habib 2011
• †
  • † Lambrecht 1931 (Paleocene? – middle Eocene of Sumatra)
• Anhingidae – darters
  • † Alvarenga 1995 (Early Miocene)
  • †Macranhinga Noriega 1992 (giant snake-birds) (Middle/Late Miocene –? Early Pliocene)
    • † Noriega 1992 [ (Noriega 1992)]
    • † Alvarenga & Guilherme 2003
  • †"" (Middle/Late Miocene) – a nomen nudum
  • † Inderknecht & Noriega 2002 (Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Anhinga (Early Miocene – Recent)
      • † Emslie 1998
      • † Brodkorb & Mourer-Chauviré 1982
      • †A. laticeps (De Vis 1906) [Plotus laticeps De Vis 1906]
      • † Mackness 1995
      • † Lambrecht 1916
      • † (Brodkorb 1956) Becker 1986 [ Brodkorb 1956]
      • †A. walterbolesi Worthy 2012
      • † Campbell 1996 [? (Campbell 1996)]
      • † Martin & Mengel 1975
      • † Alvarenga & Guilherme 2003
• Pelecanidae – pelicans
  • †Protopelicanus cuvieri Reichenbach 1852
  • †Miopelecanus Cheneval 1984
    • †M. gracilis (Milne-Edwards 1863) Cheneval 1984 [Pelecanus gracilis Milne-Edwards 1863]
    • †M. intermedius (Fraas 1870) Cheneval 1984 [ Fraas 1870]
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Pelecanus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
      • † Harrison & Walker 1976
      • † Davies 1880
      • † Lydekker 1891
      • †P. halieus Wetmore 1933
      • †P. odessanus Widhalm 1886
      • †P. schreiberi Olson 1999
      • † Davies 1880
      • †P. tirarensis Miller 1966

Osteodontornis

• †Pelagornithidae Fürbringer 1888 – pseudotooth birds
  • †Pseudodontornis Lambrecht 1930 [Neodontornis Harrison & Walker 1976; Macrodontopteryx Harrison & Walker 1976; Palaeochenoides Schufeldt 1916] (Late Paleocene – London Clay Early Eocene of England)
    • †P. longidentata Harrison & Walker 1976 [ (Harrison & Walker 1976); Macrodontopteryx oweni Harrison & Walker 1976]
    • †P. tenuirostris Harrison 1985
    • †P. tschulensis (Averianov et al. 1991) []
    • †P. longirostris (Spulski 1910) Lambrecht 1930 [ Spulski 1910; Palaeochenoides miocaenus Schufeldt 1916; (Spulski 1910)]
    • †P. stirtoni Howard & Warter 1969 [Neodontornis stirtoni (Howard & Warter 1969) Harrison & Walker 1976; (Howard & Warter 1969)]
  • †Dasornis Owen 1870 [Megalornis Seeley 1866 non Gray 1841; Argillornis Owen 1878] (London Clay Early Eocene of England)
    • †D. abdoun Bourdon 2010
    • †D. emuinus (Bowerbank 1854) Owen 1870 [Lithornis emuinus Bowerbank 1854; Megalornis emuianus (sic) (Bowerbank 1854) Seeley 1866; Neptuniavis miranda Harrison & Walker 1977; Argillornis longipennis Owen 1878; Dasornis londinensis Owen 1869 nomen nudum; Dasornis londinensis Owen 1870; Argillornis emuinus (Bowerbank 1854) Brodkorb 1963; Argillornis longipes Lambrecht 1933 (lapsus)]
    • †D. gigas [Odontopteryx gigas Bourdon 2006 nomen nudum]
  • †Macrodontopteryx (London Clay Early Eocene of England)
  • †Odontopteryx toliapica Owen 1873 [Odontornis (sic) Owen 1873; Neptuniavis minor Harrison & Walker 1977; (Owen 1873)] (London Clay Early Eocene of England)
  • †Gigantornis eaglesomei Andrews 1916 (middle Eocene of Nigeria)
  • †Cyphornis magnus Cope 1894 (Eocene of Vancouver, Canada)
  • †Osteodontornis orri Howard 1957 [ Howard 1957] (Early Oligocene – Pliocene)
  • †Pelagornis (Middle Miocene of France – Late Pliocene of Morocco)
    • †P. miocaenus Lartet 1857 (Miocene false-tooothed pelican)
    • †P. mauretanicus Mourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2008
    • †P. chilensis Mayr & Rubilar-Rogers 2010
    • †P. sandersi Ksepka 2014
  • †Caspiodontornis kobystanicus Aslanova & Burčak-Abramovič 1982 [? Aslanova & Burčak-Abramovič 1968]
  • †Tympanoneisiotes wetmorei Hopson 1964 [ (Hopson 1964)]
  • † Mayr & Zvonok 2012
  • † Bourdon 2006 nomen nudum
  • Placement unresolved
    • ?Pelagornithidae gen. et sp. indet. (middle Eocene)
• † Rasmussen 1987 (Early Oligocene)
  • † Rasmussen, Olson & Simons 1987
• Ardeidae – herons
  • † Kurockin & Ganya 1972
  • † Gingerich 1987 (Paleocene)
  • †Matuku otagoense Scofield, Worthy & Tennyson 2010
  • † Elżanowski & Zelenkov 2015
  • † McCoy 1963
  • †Pikaihao bartlei Worthy et al. 2013
  • †Proardea amissa (Milne-Edwards 1892) Lambrecht 1933 [ Milne-Edwards 1892; (Milne-Edwards 1892) Mlíkovský & Švec 1989] (Late Eocene –? Late Oligocene)
  • † Harrison 1979) [ Milne-Edwards 1871 (nomen nudum); (Harrison 1979) Mlíkovský & Švec 1989] – possibly same as Proardea
  • †Zeltornis ginsburgi Balouet 1981 (Early Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • † Bayer 1882 (Late Oligocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Nyctanassa
      • †N. kobdoena Kuročkin 1976
    • Ardea (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †A. aurelianensis Milne-Edwards 1871 [ (Milne-Edwards 1871)]
      • †A. polkensis Brodkorb 1955
      • †A. howardae Brodkorb 1980
      • †A. paloccidentalis Shufeldt 1892
      • †A. sytchevskayae Zelenkov 2011
    • Egretta (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †E. polgardiensis Kessler 2009
      • †E. subfluvia Becker 1985
    • Butorides (Early Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †B. validipes Campbell 1976
    • Botaurus
      • †B. hibbardi Moseley & Feduccia 1975
    • Syrigma
      • †S. sanctimartini Campbell 1979
• Scopidae – hammerkop
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • †Scopus xenopus Olson 1984
• Threskiornithidae – ibises
  • Threskiornithidae gen. et sp. indet. NMMP-KU 1301 (Pondaung middle Eocene of Paukkaung, Myanmar) – Threskiornithinae?
  • †Gerandibis paganus (Milne-Edwards 1868) De Pietri 2013 [ 1891a non Reichenbach 1866; Milne-Edwards 1868; (Milne-Edvards 1868) Sharpe 1899; Plegadis paganus (Milne-Edvards 1868) Olson 1981; (Milne-Edwards 1868) Harrison 1976; Lydekker 1891a; (Lydekker 1891) Cheneval 1984 non Miller & Bowman 1956]
  • †Rhynchaeites messelensis Wittich 1898 [ Hoch 1980; Hoch 1980] (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany) – may include Mopsitta
  • †Vadaravis brownae Smith, Grande & Clarke 2013
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Geronticus (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †G. perplexus (Milne-Edwards 1869) Cheneval 2000 [ Milne-Edwards 1869; (Milne-Edwards 1869) Gaillard 1939]
      • †G. apelex Olson 1985
      • †G. olsoni Mourer-Chauviré & Geraads 2010
    • Platalea
      • †P. chione (Emslie 1995) [ Emslie 1995]
      • †P. tiangangensis Hou 1987 (Xiacaowan Middle Miocene of Sihong, China)
    • Plegadis
      • †P. pharangites Olson 1981 [ Miller & Bowman 1956 non (Lydekker 1891)] (Late Pliocene of WC US)
    • Theristicus
      • †T. wetmorei Campbell 1979 (Late Pleistocene of Peru)
    • Eudocimus
      • †E. leiseyi Emslie 1995a (Early Pleistocene of Florida)
      • †E. peruvianus Campbell 1979 (Late Pleistocene of Peru; may be living species)
      • †Eudocimus sp. (Middle Pliocene of Florida)
• Balaenicipitidae – shoebills
  • Goliathia andrewsi Lambrecht 1930 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Egypt)
  • Harrison & Walker 1982 (Late Miocene of Tunisia and Pakistan)

Procellariiformes[]

The group that includes modern albatrosses, petrels and storm-petrels.

• Placement unresolved
  • † Nesov 1986 (Late Paleocene of Zhylga, Kazakhstan)
  • † Mayr 2015
  • † Imber 1985
• † Harrison & Walker 1977
  • † Harrison & Walker 1977
• † Olson & Parris 1987
  • †Tytthostonyx glauconiticus Olson & Parris 1987
• †Diomedeoididae Fischer 1985
  • † van Beneden 1871 [ Fischer 1983 non Miller & Sibley 1941; Cheneval 1996; Diomedeoides Fischer 1985; Cheneval 1995] (Early Oligocene– Early Miocene of C Europe and Iran)
    • † (Kessler 2009) Mayr & Smith 2012 [ Kessler 2009]
    • † van Beneden 1871 [ van Beneden 1871; van Beneden 1871; Fischer 1983; Fischer 1985; Cheneval 1995; Cheneval 1996 (nomen nudum); (Fischer 1983) Mayr et al. 2002; (Cheneval 1995) Fischer 2003]
    • † (Peters & Hamedani 2000) Mayr & Smith 2012 [ Peters & Hamedani 2000; (Peters & Hamedani 2000) Mayr, Peters & Rietschel 2002]
• Oceanitidae
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Oceanites
      • †O. zaloscarthmus Olson 1985
• Diomedeidae – albatrosses
  • † Panteleyev & Nesov 1993 (middle Eocene)
  • † Milne-Edwards 1874 [ Portis 1884] (Early – Middle Miocene)
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1871) Cheneval 1984a [ Milne-Edwards 1871 nomen nudum; Shufeldt 1896]
    • † Milne-Edwards 1874
    • † (Portis 1884) Mayr & Pavia 2014 [ Portis 1884]
  • † Mayr & Smith 2012 (Early Oligocene of the North Sea basin)
  • †Diomedeidae gen. et sp. indet. (Late Oligocene of South Carolina)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Diomedea (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †D. anglica Lydekker 1891a
      • †D. howardae Chandler 1990
      • †D. milleri Howard 1966
      • †D. rumana Grigorescu & Kessler 1988
      • †D. tanakai Davis 2003
      • †D. thyridata Wilkinson 1969
    • Phoebastria (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. rexsularum Olson & Rasmussen 2001
    • Thalassarche (Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †T. thyridata
• Hydrobatidae – storm-petrels
  • † Harrison & Walker 1977 (Early Eocene)
  • Prehistoric species of extant genera
    • † Miller 1951 (Hubbs' Storm-petrel)(Capistrano Middle/Late Miocene of Orange County, US)
    • †Pelagodroma sp. 1
    • Pelagodroma sp. 2
• Procellariidae – petrels
  • † Ameghino 1905 (San Julián Late Eocene/Early Oligocene of Chubut, Argentina)
  • †Pterodromoides minoricensis Sequí et al. 2001
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Calonectris (Early Pliocene – Recent)
      • †C. krantzi Olson & Rasmussen 2001
      • †C. kurodai Olson 2009
      • †C. wingatei Olson 2008
    • Fulmarus (Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †F. hammeri Howard 1968
      • †F. miocaenus Howard 1984
    • Pachyptila (Late Miocene– Recent)
      • †P. salax Olson 1985
    • Pelecanoides (Early/Middle Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. cymatotrypetes Olson 1985
      • †P. miokuaka Worthy et al. 2007 (Miocene diving petrel)
      • †P. urinatrix Gmelin 1789
    • "Pterodroma" (Pleistocene – Recent)
      • †P. kurodai Harrison & Walker 1978
      • †P. rupinarum Olson 1975
    • Puffinus (Early Oligocene – Recent)
      • † (Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1963 Milne-Edwards 1874
      • † (Milne-Edwards) Brodkorb 1963c Milne-Edwards 1874
      • † Howard 1978
      • † Howard 1968
      • † Marsh 1870
      • † Miller 1925
      • † Howard 1949
      • † Chandler 1990
      • † Wetmore 1930
      • † Howard 1949
      • † Brodkorb 1963
      • † Miller 1961
      • †P. nestori Alcover 1989
      • † Miller 1961
      • † (Van Beneden 1871) Brodkorb 1962 [Larus Raemdonckii Beneden 1871]
      • † Howard 1971

Gaviiformes[]

• † (Shufeldt 1915) Wetmore 1940
• Gaviidae – loons
  • †Colymboides Milne-Edwards 1867 [Dyspetornis Oberholser 1905; Hydrornis Milne-Edwards 1867 non Blyth 1843; Davisona Mathews 1935; Megagallinula Kuročkin 1968] (Late Eocene – Early Miocene) – paraphyletic?
    • †C. harundinea (Kuročkin 1968) Kuročkin 1968)
    • †C. metzleri Mayr 2004
    • †C. anglicus Lydekker 1891a
    • †C. belgicus Mayr & Smith 2002
    • †C. minutus Milne-Edwards 1867
  • Placement unresolved
    • "Gavia" portisi (Late Pliocene of Orciano Pisano, Italy) – rentatively placed here. A nomen dubium?
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Gavia (Early Miocene – Recent)
      • †G. egeriana Švec 1982
      • †G. brodkorbi Howard 1978
      • †G. paradoxa Umanskaja 1981
      • †G. schultzi Mlíkovsky 1998
      • †G. howardae Brodkorb 1953c
      • †G. moldavica Kessler 1984
      • †G. concinna Wetmore 1940 [ Wetmore 1943]
      • †G. fortis Olson & Rasmussen 2001

Sphenisciformes[]

Waimanu

Icadyptes

• Unresolved and basal forms
  • †Waimanu Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Early – Late Palaeocene)
    • †W. manneringi Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Mannering's penguin)
    • †W. tuatahi Jones, Ando & Fordyce 2006 (Waipara penguin)
  • †Perudyptes devriesi Clarke et al. 2007 – basal? (middle Eocene)
  • Sphenisciformes gen. et sp. indet. CADIC P 21 (middle Eocene)
• Spheniscidae – penguins
  • †Kaiika maxwelli Fordyce & Tomas 2011
  • †Palaeoapterodytes ictus (Ameghino 1891) Ameghino 1905 (nomen dubium) [ Ameghino 1891 non Hermann 1783; Ameghino 1891]
  • †Tereingaornis moisleyi Scarlett 1983 (Moisley's penguin)
  • †Crossvallia unienwillia Tambussi et al. 2005 (Late Paleocene)
  • †Anthropornis Wiman 1905 (mid-Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
    • †A. nordenskjoeldii Wiman 1905 (Nordenskjoeld's giant penguin)
    • †A. grandis (Wiman 1905) [ (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905]
  • †Archaeospheniscus Marples 1952 (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene)
    • †A. lowei Marples 1952 (Lowe's penguin)
    • †A. lopdelli Marples 1952 (Lopdell's penguin)
  • †Delphinornis Wiman 1905 [ Marples 1953] (mid-/Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
    • † Myrcha et al. 2002
    • † Wiman 1905
    • † Myrcha et al. 2002
    • † (Marples 1953) Ksepka & Clarke 2010 [ Marples 1953; Archaeospheniscus wimani (Marples 1953) Simpson 1971a]
  • †Palaeeudyptes Huxley 1859 [ Wiman 1905] (mid-/Late Eocene – Late Oligocene)
    • †P. klekowskii Myrcha, Tatur & del Valle 1990
    • †P. gunnari (Wiman 1905) [ Wiman 1905]
  • †Icadyptes salasi Clarke et al. 2007 (Late Eocene)
  • †Inkayacu paracasensis Clarke et al. 2010 (Late Eocene)
  • †Pachydyptes ponderosus Oliver 1930 (Late Eocene)
  • † Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene–? Early Oligocene)
  • † Myrcha et al. 2002 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  • † Tambussi et al. 2006 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
    • † Tambussi et al. 2006
    • † Tambussi et al. 2006
  • † Simpson 1971 (Late Eocene –? Early Oligocene)
  • †Arthrodytes andrewsi Ameghino 1901 (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene – Early Miocene)
  • †Duntroonornis parvus Marples 1953 (Duntroon penguin) (Late Oligocene)
  • †Kairuku Ksepka et al. 2012 (Late Oligocene)
    • †K. grebneffi Ksepka et al. 2012
    • †K. waitaki Ksepka et al. 2012
  • † Marples 1952 (Oliver's penguin) (Late Oligocene)
  • †Platydyptes Marples 1952 (Late Oligocene)
    • †P. marplesi (Brodkorb 1963) Simpson 1971 [Palaeeudyptes marplesi Brodkorb 1963] (Simpson's/Marples' penguin)
    • †P. novaezealandiae(Oliver 1930) Marples 1952 (wide-flippered penguin)
    • †P. amiesi Marples 1952 (Amies’ penguin)
  • † (Simpson 1981) Olson 1986 [Microdytes Simpson 1981 non Balfour-Browne 1949; Simpson 1981] (Patagonia Early Miocene)
  • †Palaeospheniscus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [ Ameghino 1905; Paraspheniscus Ameghino 1905 nec Hendel 1927; Ameghino 1905; Pseudospheniscus Ameghino 1905; Chubutodyptes Simpson 1970] (Early? – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
    • †P. huxleyorum Simpson 1973
    • †P. wimani (Ameghino 1905) [ Ameghino 1905; (partim) Simpson 1946]
    • †P. gracilis Ameghino 1899 [?; Ameghino 1901; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905; (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905]
    • †P. patagonicus Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [ Moreno & Mercerat 1891; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905]
    • †P. bergi Moreno & Mercerat 1891 [ (Moreno & Mercerat 1891) Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905 nom rej.; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905 nom rej.]
    • †P. biloculata (Simpson 1970) Acosta Hospitaleche 2007 [Chubutodyptes biloculata Simpson 1970]
  • †Paraptenodytes Ameghino 1891 [ Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905] (Early – Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
    • †P. brodkorbi Simpson 1972 [i Ameghino 1905 (partim)]
    • †P. robustus (Ameghino 1895) [ Ameghino 1895; (Ameghino 1895) Brodkorb 1963; Ameghino 1901; (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1901; (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1901; (Ameghino 1901) Ameghino 1905; Ameghino 1905]
    • †P. antarcticus (Huxley 1859) Ameghino 1891 [Palaeeudyptes antarcticus Huxley 1859 non Hector 1873; (Huxley 1859) Moreno & Mercerat 1891] (narrow-flippered penguin)
  • †Anthropodyptes gilli Simpson 1959 (Middle Miocene)
  • † Hospitaleche et al. 2007 (Late Miocene)
  • †Pseudaptenodytes Simpson 1970 (Late Miocene/Early Pliocene)
    • †P. minor Simpson 1970
    • †P. macraei Simpson 1970
  • † Simpson 1979 (Early Pliocene)
  • †Marplesornis novaezealandiae (Marples 1960) Simpson 1972 [ Marples 1960] (Harris penguins) (Early Pliocene)
  • † Simpson 1979 (Early Pliocene)
  • †Inguza predemersus (Simpson 1971) Simpson 1975 [Spheniscus predemersus Simpson 1971] (Late Pliocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Spheniscidae gen. et sp. indet (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene of Hakataramea, New Zealand)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Pygoscelis (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †P. calderensis Walsh & Suárez 2006
      • †P. tyreei Simpson 1972 (Tyree's penguin)
      • †P. grandis Walsh & Suárez 2006
    • Spheniscus (Middle/Late Miocene – Recent)
      • †S. muizoni Göhlich 2007
      • †S. chilensis Emslie & Correa 2003
      • †S. megaramphus Stucchi, Urbina & Giraldo 2003
      • †S. urbinai Stucchi 2002
    • Aptenodytes (Early? Pliocene – Recent)
      • †A. ridgeni Simpson 1972 [ (Simpson 1972)] (Ridgen's Penguin)
    • Eudyptes
      • †E. calauina Hoffmeister et al. 2014

Pterocliformes[]

• Pteroclidae – sandgrouse
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Lambrecht 1933 [ Milne-Edwards 1869] (Early Miocene)
  • † (Milne-Edwards 1869) Mourer-Chauviré 1993 [ Milne-Edwards 1869]
  • † Mourer-Chauviré 1992
    • †(Milne-Edwards 1892) [ Milne-Edwards 1892]
    • † Mourer-Chauviré 1992
    • † (Milne-Edwards 1892) [ Milne-Edwards 1892]
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Syrrhaptes
      • †S. kashini Kuročkin 1985

Columbiformes[]

• Columbidae – doves and pigeons
  • Arenicolumba (Early Miocene) – doubtfully distinct from Patagioenas
  • Rupephaps (Early Miocene)
  • Placement unresolved
    • Columbidae gen. et sp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene)
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Columba (Early Pliocene – Recent)
    • Patagioenas (Early Pliocene – Recent)

Psittaciformes[]

Unresolved and basal fossil parrots:

• Psittacopes (Early/middle Eocene)
•  – pseudasturid or psittacid?
• Pseudasturidae (= Halcyornithidae?)
• Messelasturidae Mayr 2005
  • Tynskya eocaena Mayr 2000 (Early Eocene of N America and England)
  • Messelastur gratulator Peters 1994 (middle Eocene of Messel, Germany)

• • Pseudasturidae FU 125 gen. et sp. indet. (Early Eocene)
  • Pseudasturides – formerly Pseudastur
• Vastanavidae
  • Vastanavis (Early Eocene of Vastan, India)
• Quercypsittidae
  • Quercypsitta (Late Eocene)
• Cacatuidae
  • Extant genera present in the fossil record
    • Cacatua (Early Miocene – Recent)
• Psittacidae – parrots, parakeets and lories
  • Archaeopsittacus (Late Oligocene/Early Miocene)
  • Xenopsitta (Early Miocene)
  • Psittacidae gen. et spp. indet. (Early/Middle Miocene) – several species
  • Bavaripsitta (Middle Miocene)
  • Psittacidae gen. et sp. indet. (Middle Miocene) – erroneously placed in Pararallus dispar, includes "
  • Extant and recently extinct genera present in the fossil record
    • Conuropsis (Early? Miocene – Holocene)
    • Nandayus (Late Pliocene – Recent)
    • Cyanoliseus (Middle Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Aratinga (Late Pleistocene – Recent)
    • Rhynchopsitta (Late Pleistocene – Recent)
• Strigopidae – New Zealand parrots, kakapo
  • Nelepsittacus (Middle Miocene)
  • Heracles (Middle Miocene)

Opisthocomiformes[]

Hoatzins

• Opisthocomidae Swainson 1837 [Foratidae Olson 1992; Onychopterygidae Cracraft 1971]
  • †Foro panarium Olson 1992 (Early Eocene) - cuculiform?
  • † Thomas 1996
  • † Cracraft 1971 (Early Eocene of Argentina) – falconid? A nomen dubium
  • †Protoazin parisiensis Mayr & De Pietri 2014
  • †Namibiavis senutae Mourer-Chauviré 2003 (Late Oligocene of Namibia)
  • †Hoazinavis lacustris Alvarenga, Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré 2011 (Miocene of Brazil)
  • †Hoazinoides magdalenae Miller 1953 (Late Miocene of Colombia)