List of mammals of Borneo

The mammal species of Borneo include 288 species of terrestrial and 91 species of marine mammals recorded within the territorial boundaries of Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia. The terrestrial mammals are dominated by the chiroptera (102 species of bats) and rodents (61 species of rats and mice).

Introduction[]

The high diversity and endemicity of mammals is related to the many niches found in the tropical rain forest of Borneo and past Pleistocene events within the Sundaland region. During interglacial and post-glacial periods, there was migration of animal from the Asian mainland into Borneo and into Sulawesi via the Philippines. Due to lack of favourable habitats and small founder population, some species of animals have become extinct and others have radiated into endemic species. Of the 57 mammal species that were identified from archaeological remains in the Niah Caves, Sarawak, 13 were bats. Four of these were megachiropterans, Pteropus vampyrus, Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Rousettus sp and Eonycteris spelaea, all of which remain extant species in Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia. The provisional list of mammals of Borneo (sensu Lord Medway, Payne et al., Corbet and Hill, Koopman, and Wilson and Reeder) are listed below. There are various conflicts in the taxonomic lists by previous authors, which need further field research for validation.

Taxonomic list[]

The following list gives the scientific name followed by the common names, description, ecology, conservation and distribution information.

Order: Erinaceomorpha[]

Echinosorex gymnura, moonrat. Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
Hylomys suillus, short-tailed gymnure. China, Myanmar, Indochina, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak.

Order: Soricomorpha[]

Suncus murinus, house shrew. Africa, Asia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
Suncus ater, black shrew. Endemic to Borneo; known only from Gunung Kinabalu
Suncus etruscus, Savi's pigmy shrew. Europe, Africa, Asia; Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah and Sarawak.
Crocidura monticola, Sunda shrew. Java, Lombok, Sumba and Flores; Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
Crocidura fuliginosa, south-east Asia white-toothed shrew. India, Indochina, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei and Kalimantan.
Chimarrogale himalayica, Himalayan water shrew. Himalaya, south China, Southeast Asia, Japan, Sumatra and Sabah.

Order: Scandentia[]

Ptilocercus lowii, pentail treeshrew.
Tupaia glis, common treeshrew.
Tupaia splendidula, ruddy treeshrew.
Tupaia montana, mountain tree shrew.
Tupaia minor, lesser treeshrew.
Tupaia gracilis, slender treeshrew.
Tupaia picta, painted treeshrew.
Tupaia dorsalis, striped treeshrew.
Tupaia tana, large treeshrew.
Dendrogale melanura, smooth-tailed treeshrew.

Order: Dermoptera[]

Galeopterus variegatus, Sunda flying lemur

Order: Chiroptera[]

Rousettus amplexicaudatus, Geoffroy's rousette
Rousettus spinalatus, bare-backed rousette
Pteropus vampyrus, large flying fox
Pteropus hypomelanus, island flying fox

Large-sized Cynopterus brachyotis

Cynopterus brachyotis, lesser short-nosed fruit bat
Cynopterus sphinx, greater short-nosed fruit bat
Cynopterus horsfieldi, Horsfield's fruit bat
Penthetor lucasi, dusky fruit bat
Megaerops ecaudatus, tailless fruit bat
Megaerops wetmorei, white-collared fruit bat
Dyacopterus spadiceus, Dayak fruit bat
Chironax melanocephalus, black-capped fruit bat
Balionycteris maculata, spotted-winged fruit bat
Aethalops aequalis, grey fruit bat
Eonycteris spelaea, cave nectar bat
Eonycteris major, greater nectar bat
Macroglossus minimus, long-tongued nectar bat
Emballonura alecto, greater sheath-tailed bat
Emballonura monticola, lesser sheath-tailed bat
Saccolaimus saccolaimus, pouched tomb bat
Taphozous melanopogon, black-bearded tomb bat
Taphozous longimanus, long-winged tomb bat
Megaderma spasma, lesser false vampire
Nycteris tragata, hollow-faced bat
Rhinolophus borneensis, Bornean horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus pusillus, least horseshoe
Rhinolophus arcuatus, arcuatus horseshoe bat

Rhinolophus arcuatus is rare in Borneo

Rhinolophus acuminatus, acuminate horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus affinis, intermediate horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus creaghi, Creagh's horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus philippinensis, Philippine horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus trifoliatus, trefoil horseshoe bat
Rhinolophus sedulus, lesser woolly horseshoe bat
Hipposideros ater, dusky roundleaf bat
Hipposideros bicolor, bicolor roundleaf bat
Hipposideros cineraceus, ashy roundleaf bat
Hipposideros dyacorum, Dayak roundleaf bat
Hipposideros doriae, least roundleaf

Hipposideros ridleyi, also known as Ridley's roundleaf

Hipposideros ridleyi, Ridley's roundleaf bat
Hipposideros cervinus, fawn roundleaf bat
Hipposideros galeritus, Cantor's roundleaf bat
Hipposideros coxi, Cox's roundleaf bat
Hipposideros larvatus, intermediate roundleaf bat
Hipposideros diadema, diadem roundleaf bat
Coelops robinsoni, lesser tailless roundleaf bat
Myotis muricola, whiskered myotis
Myotis ater, black myotis
Myotis montivagus, large brown myotis
Myotis siligorensis, small-toothed myotis
Myotis ridleyi, Ridley's myotis
Myotis horsfieldii, Horsfield's myotis
Myotis hasseltii, Hasselt's large-footed myotis
Myotis adversus, grey large-footed myotis
Myotis macrotarsus, pallid large-footed myotis
Pipistrellus javanicus, Javan pistrelle
Pipistrellus tenuis, least pipistrelle
Pipistrellus ceylonicus, dark brown pipistrelle
Hypsugo kitcheneri, red-brown pipistrelle
Falsistrellus petersi, wooly pipistrelle
Arielulus cuprosus, coppery pipistrelle
Hypsugo imbricatus, brown pipistrelle
Hypsugo macrotis, big-eared pipistrelle
Pipistrellus vordermanni, white-winged pipistrelle
Glischropus tylopus, thick-thumb pipistrelle
Philetor brachypterus, narrow-winged brown bat
Hesperoptenus doriae, false serotine
Hesperoptenus blanfordi, least false serotine
Hesperoptenus tomesi, Tomes' false serotine
Tylonycteris robustula, greater bamboo bat
Tylonycteris pachypus, lesser bamboo bat
Scotophilus kuhlii, yellow house bat
Murina cyclotis, orange tube-nosed bat
Murina aenea, bronzed tube-nosed bat
Murina rozendaali, gilded tube-nosed bat
Murina suilla, lesser tube-nosed bat
Harpiocephalus harpia, hairy-winged bat
Kerivoula papillosa, papillose woolly bat
Kerivoula hardwickii, Hardwicke's woolly bat
Kerivoula pellucida, clear-winged woolly bat
Kerivoula intermedia, small woolly bat
Kerivoula minuta, least woolly bat
Kerivoula whiteheadi, Whitehead's woolly bat
Kerivoula lenis, lenis woolly bat
Phoniscus jagorii, frosted groove-toothed bat
Phoniscus atrox, gilded groove-thoothed bat
Miniopterus magnater, large bent-winged bat
Miniopterus schreibersi, common bent-winged bat
Miniopterus pusillus, small bent-winged bat
Miniopterus medius, medium bent-winged bat
Miniopterus australis, lesser bent-winged bat
Cheiromeles torquatus, naked bat
Mops mops, free-tailed bat
Chaerephon plicata, wrinkle-lipped bat

Order: Primates[]

The western tarsier in Sarawak is a protected species

Nycticebus coucang, Sunda slow loris
Tarsius bancanus, western tarsier
Presbytis melalophos, banded langur
Presbytis hosei, Hose's langur
Presbytis rubicunda, maroon langur
Presbytis chrysomelas, Sarawak surili
Presbytis frontata, white-fronted langur
Trachypithecus cristatus, silvered langur
Nasalis larvatus, proboscis monkey
Macaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaque
Macaca nemestrina, pig-tailed macaque
Hylobates muelleri, Müller's Bornean gibbon
Hylobates albibarbis, Bornean white-bearded gibbon
Pongo pygmaeus, Bornean orangutan

Order: Pholidota[]

Manis javanica, pangolin

Order: Rodentia[]

Ratufa affinis, giant squirrel
Callosciurus prevostii, Prevost's squirrel
Callosciurus baluensis, Kinabalu squirrel
Callosciurus notatus, plantain squirrel
Callosciurus adamsi, ear-spot squirrel
Callosciurus orestes, Bornean black-banded squirrel
Sundasciurus hippurus, horse-tailed squirrel
Sundasciurus lowii, Low's squirrel
Sundasciurus tenuis, slender squirrel
Sundasciurus jentinki, Jentink's squirrel
Sundasciurus brookei, Brooke's squirrel
Glyphotes simus, red-bellied sculptor squirrel
Lariscus insignis, three-striped ground squirrel
Lariscus hosei, four-striped ground squirrel
Dremomys everetti, Bornean mountain ground squirrel
Rhinosciurus laticaudatus, shrew-faced ground squirrel
Nannosciurus melanotis, black-eared pigmy squirrel
Exilisciurus exilis, plain pigmy squirrel
Exilisciurus whiteheadi, Whitehead's pigmy squirrel
Rheithrosciurus macrotis, tufted ground squirrel
Petaurillus hosei, Hose's pigmy flying squirrel
Petaurillus emiliae, lesser pigmy flying squirrel
Iomys horsfieldii, Horsfield's flying squirrel
Aeromys tephromelas, black flying squirrel
Aeromys thomasi, Thomas's flying squirrel
Petinomys hageni, Hagen's flying squirrel
Petinomys genibarbis, whiskered flying squirrel
Petinomys setosus, Temminck's flying squirrel
Petinomys vordermanni, Vordermann's flying squirrel
Hylopetes lepidus, grey-cheeked flying squirrel
Hylopetes spadiceus, red-cheeked flying squirrel
Pteromyscus pulverulentus, smoky flying squirrel
Petaurista petaurista, red giant flying squirrel
Petaurista elegans, spotted giant flying squirrel
Rattus rattus, house rat
Rattus tiomanicus, Malaysian field rat
Rattus argentiventer, ricefield rat
Rattus baluensis, summit rat
Rattus exulans, Polynesia rat
Rattus norvegicus, Norway rat
Sundamys muelleri, Muller's rat
Sundamys infraluteus, mountain giant rat

Niviventer cremoriventer in Borneo

Niviventer cremoriventer, dark-tailed rat
Niviventer rapit, long-tailed mountain rat
Maxomys rajah, brown spiny rat

Maxomys surifer

Maxomys surifer, red spiny rat
Maxomys alticola, mountain spiny rat
Maxomys ochraceiventer, chestnut-bellied spiny rat
Maxomys baeodon, small spiny rat
Maxomys whiteheadi, Whitehead's rat
Leopoldamys sabanus, long-tailed giant rat
Lenothrix canus, grey tree rat
, Asian house rat
Mus caroli, ricefield mouse
Chiropodomys gliroides, common pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiropodomys major, large pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Chiropodomys muroides, grey-bellied pencil-tailed tree-mouse
Haeromys margarettae, ranee mouse
Trichys fasciculata, long-tailed porcupine
Hystrix brachyura, common porcupine
Hystrix crassispinis, thick-spined porcupine

Order: Cetacea[]

Balaenoptera musculus, blue whale
Balaenoptera physalus, fin whale
Balaenoptera borealis, sei whale
Balaenoptera edeni, Bryde's whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata, minke whale
Megaptera novaeangliae, humpback whale
Physeter macrocephalus, sperm whale
Kogia breviceps, pigmy sperm whale
Kogia simus, dwarf sperm whale
Ziphius cavirostris, Cuvier's beak whale
Mesoplodon sp., beaked whale
Orcaella brevirostris, Irrawaddy dolphin
Peponocephala electra, melon-headed whale
Feresa attenuata, pigmy killer whale
Pseudorca crassidens, false killer whale
Orcinus orca, killer whale
Globicephala macrorhynchus, short-finned pilot whale
Steno bredanensis, rough-toothed dolphin
Sousa chinensis, Indo-Pacific hump-backed dolphin
Lagenodelphis hosei, Fraser's dolphin
Delphinus delphis, common dolphin
Tursiops truncatus, bottlenose dolphin
Grampus griseus, Risso's dolphin
Stenella attenuata, spotted dolphin
Stenella coeruleoalba, striped dolphin
Stenella longirostris, long-snouted spinner dolphin
Neophocaena phocaenoides, finless porpoise

Order: Carnivora[]

Bay cat, Catopuma badia EN^[1]
Sunda clouded leopard Neofelis diardi^[2]
Marbled cat, Pardofelis marmorata NT^[3]
Flat-headed cat, Prionailurus planiceps VU^[4]
Sunda leopard cat, Prionailurus javanensis^[2]
Helarctos malayanus, sun bear
Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten
Mustela nudipes, Malay weasel
Melogale everetti, Bornean ferret-badger
Mydaus javanensis, Malay badger
Lutra sumatrana, hairy-nosed otter
Lutra lutra, Eurasian otter
Lutrogale perspicillata, smooth-coated otter
Aonyx cinereus, oriental small-clawed otter
Viverra tangalunga, Malay civet
Prionodon linsang, banded linsang
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, common palm civet
Paguma larvata, masked palm civet
Arctictis binturong, bearcat
Arctogalidia trivirgata, small-toothed palm civet
Hemigalus derbyanus, banded palm civet
Diplogale hosei, Hose's civet
Cynogale bennettii, otter-civet
Herpestes brachyurus, short-tailed mongoose
Herpestes semitorquatus, collared mongoose

Order: Sirenia[]

Dugong dugon, dugong

Order: Proboscidea[]

Elephas maximus borneensis, Borneo elephant

Order: Perissodactyla[]

Bornean rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni. One individual found in eastern Kalimantan in 2016.

Order: Artiodactyla[]

Sus barbatus, bearded pig
Tragulus javanicus, lesser mouse-deer
Tragulus napu, greater mouse-deer
Muntiacus atherodes, Bornean yellow muntjac
Muntiacus muntjak, red muntjac
Rusa timorensis, Javan rusa
Rusa unicolor, Sambar deer
Bos javanicus, banteng or tembadau. Present in Kalimantan, Sabah, and possibly Sarawak; believed extinct in Brunei.^[5]

References[]

^ Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Loken, B.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Catopuma badia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4037A112910221.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Jeffers, K. A.; Adul; Cheyne, S. M. (2019). "Small cat surveys: 10 years of data from Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11 (4): 13478–13491. doi:10.11609/jott.4466.11.4.13478-13491.
^ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Datta, A.; Hearn, A.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Singh, P.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16218A97164299.
^ Wilting, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Lynam, A.; Mathai, J.; McCarthy, J.; Meijaard, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ross, J.; Sunarto, S. & Traeholt, C. (2015). "Prionailurus planiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18148A50662095.
^ Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Hedges, S.; Steinmetz, R. & Pattanavibool, A. (2008). "Bos javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2011.old-form url Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered.

External links[]

[1] Hearn, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Loken, B.; Ross, J.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Catopuma badia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T4037A112910221.

[Jeffers_al2019-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b Jeffers, K. A.; Adul; Cheyne, S. M. (2019). "Small cat surveys: 10 years of data from Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 11 (4): 13478–13491. doi:10.11609/jott.4466.11.4.13478-13491.

[3] Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Datta, A.; Hearn, A.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Singh, P.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16218A97164299.

[4] Wilting, A.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Lynam, A.; Mathai, J.; McCarthy, J.; Meijaard, E.; Mohamed, A.; Ross, J.; Sunarto, S. & Traeholt, C. (2015). "Prionailurus planiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T18148A50662095.

[iucn-5] Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Hedges, S.; Steinmetz, R. & Pattanavibool, A. (2008). "Bos javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2011.old-form url Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of endangered.

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