List of mammals of Europe

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This is a list of European mammals. It includes all mammals currently found in Europe (from northeast Atlantic to Ural Mountains and northern slope of Caucasus Mountains), whether resident or as regular migrants. Moreover, species occurring in Cyprus, Canary Islands (Spain) and Azores (Portugal) are listed here. If geographical range of given European mammal additionally overlaps Turkey, it is noted in some of cases. This checklist does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.

ExtinctionExtinctionExtinct in the WildCritically EndangeredEndangered speciesVulnerable speciesNear ThreatenedThreatened speciesLeast ConcernLeast ConcernIUCN conservation statuses

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - extinct, EW - extinct in the wild
CR - critically endangered, EN - endangered VU - vulnerable
NT - near threatened, LC - least concern
DD - data deficient, NE - not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[1])

Eulipotyphlans[]

Erinaceidae[]

Hedgehogs

Talpidae[]

Moles
Desmans
  • Russian desman, Desmana moschata VU (Russia, Ukraine)
  • Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus VU (Spain, Portugal, the Pyrenees)

Soricidae (shrews)[]

Primates[]

  • Barbary macaque, Macaca sylvanus EN (Gibraltar, introduced)

Bats[]

Pteropodidae (megabat)[]

  • Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus LC (Cyprus)

Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)[]

Vespertilionidae (evening bats)[]

Miniopteridae[]

Molossidae (free-tailed bats)[]

Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)[]

Lagomorphs[]

The European hare

Leporidae (leporids)[]

  • European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus NT
  • European hare, Lepus europaeus LC
  • Mountain hare, Lepus timidus LC
  • Granada hare, Lepus granatensis LC (Spain, Portugal)
  • Broom hare, Lepus castroviejoi VU (Cantabrian Mountains)
  • Corsican hare, Lepus corsicanus VU (Corsica, southern Italy)
  • Cape hare, Lepus capensis LC (Corsica, Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)
  • Tolai hare, Lepus tolai [2] LC (Kazakhstan)

Rodents[]

Sciuridae (squirrels)[]

An alpine marmot
  • Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris LC and:
  • Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans LC (northern Scandinavia, Estonia)
  • European souslik, Spermophilus citellus VU (north-eastern Europe)
  • Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Caucasian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Spotted souslik, Spermophilus suslicus NT (south-eastern Europe)
  • Russet ground squirrel, Spermophilus major [2] LC (Russia, Kazakhstan)
  • Caucasian Mountain ground squirrel, Spermophilus musicus [2] NT (Caucasus)
  • Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota LC (Alps, Tatras, Carpathians, Pyrenees and Balkans)
  • Bobak marmot, Marmota bobak LC (eastern Europe)
  • Siberian chipmunk, Eutamias sibiricus LC (Netherlands, Belgium and Germany)

Castoridae[]

  • European beaver, Castor fiber LC

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)[]

  • Crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata LC (Italy, introduced)
  • Indian porcupine, Hystrix indica LC (European Azerbaijan and Georgia)

Gliridae (dormice)[]

Muroids::Spalacidae (spalacids)[]

  • Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Lesser mole rat, Spalax leucodon DD (eastern Europe)
  • Podolsk mole rat, Spalax zemni VU (eastern Europe)
  • Sandy mole-rat, Spalax arenarius EN (eastern Europe)
  • Balkan mole rat, Spalax graecus NT and:
  • Nehring's blind mole rat, Spalax nehringi DD (may occur in Greece)
  • Giant blind mole-rat, Spalax giganteus [2] LC (Russia)

Muroids::Cricetidae[]

Hamsters
Lemmings
Voles
  • Bank vole, Myodes glareolus LC
  • Northern red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus LC
  • Grey red-backed vole, Myodes rufocanus LC
  • Balkan snow vole, Dinaromys bogdanovi VU
  • European water vole, Arvicola amphibius LC and:
    • , Arvicola italicus [2] (Italy, Switzerland)
  • Montane water vole, Arvicola scherman LC
  • Southwestern water vole, Arvicola sapidus VU (Spain and France)
  • Root vole, Alexandromys oeconomus LC
  • Middendorff's vole, Alexandromys middendorffii [2] LC (Russia)
  • Short-tailed field vole, Microtus agrestis LC and:
    • , Microtus lavernedii [2]
    • , Microtus rozianus [2] (Iberian Peninsula)
  • Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC and:
    • Altai vole, Microtus obscurus [2] (eastern Europe)
  • Sibling vole, Microtus epiroticus (M. levis: LC)
  • Snow vole, Microtus nivalis LC
  • Gunther's vole, Microtus guentheri LC and:
    • , Microtus hartingi [2] (Balkans)
  • Cabrera's vole, Microtus cabrerae NT
  • Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus CR
  • European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
  • East European vole, Microtus levis LC
  • Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
  • Felten's vole, Microtus felteni DD
  • Gerbe's vole, Microtus gerbei LC
  • Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii LC and:
    • , Microtus nebrodensis (Italy) [2]
    • Calabria pine vole, Microtus brachycercus (Italy) LC
  • Alpine pine vole, Microtus multiplex LC
  • Tatra pine vole, Microtus tatricus LC
  • Liechtenstein's pine vole, Microtus liechtensteini LC
  • Mediterranean pine vole, Microtus duodecimcostatus LC
  • Lusitanian pine vole, Microtus lusitanicus LC
  • Thomas's pine vole, Microtus thomasi LC
  • Major's pine vole, Microtus majori LC
  • Caucasian pine vole, Microtus daghestanicus [2] LC (Caucasus)
  • Narrow-headed vole, Lasiopodomys gregalis [2] LC (Russia)
  • Gudaur snow vole, Chionomys gud [2] LC (Caucasus)
  • Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti [2] LC (Caucasus)
  • Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus LC
  • Northern mole vole, Ellobius talpinus LC
  • Long-clawed mole vole, Prometheomys schaposchnikowi [2] LC (Caucasus)

Muroids::Muridae[]

Old World rats and mice
  • Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
  • Steppe field mouse, Apodemus witherbyi LC (eastern Europe)
  • Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC and:
  • Alpine field mouse, Apodemus alpicola LC (Alps)
  • Pygmy field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC (eastern Europe)
  • Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus LC (south-eastern Europe)
  • Western broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus epimelas LC (Balkans)
  • Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC (eastern Europe)
  • Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
  • House mouse, Mus musculus LC
  • Algerian mouse, Mus spretus LC (France, Spain and Portugal)
  • Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus LC (south-eastern Europe)
  • Cypriot mouse, Mus cypriacus LC (Cyprus)
  • Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus LC (south Balcans)
Spiny mice
  • Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys minous DD (Crete)
Jirds
  • Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami LC (Greek island of Kos)
  • Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus LC (eastern Europe)
  • Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LC (eastern Europe)
Gerbils

Muroids::Dipodidae (dipodids)[]

Birch mice
Jerboas
  • Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio LC (eastern Europe)
  • Great jerboa, Allactaga major LC (eastern Europe)
  • Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC (eastern Europe)
  • Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta LC (eastern Europe)
  • Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum LC (eastern Europe)
  • Williams's jerboa, Scarturus williamsi [2] LC (Azerbaijan)

Carnivorans[]

Ursidae (bears)[]

  • Brown bear, Ursus arctos LC
  • Polar bear, Ursus maritimus VU (Svalbard, Arctic European Russia; vagrant to Iceland)

Canidae[]

European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica), a subspecies of golden jackal
  • Golden jackal, Canis aureus LC (Russia and south-eastern Europe)
  • Grey wolf, Canis lupus LC (Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Scandinavia and eastern Europe)
  • Corsac fox, Vulpes corsac LC (Along southern Volga and European Kazakhstan)
  • Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus LC (Scandinavia and Iceland)
  • Red fox, Vulpes vulpes LC

Mustelidae (weasels and allies)[]

  • Wolverine, Gulo gulo LC (Scandinavia)
  • European otter, Lutra lutra NT
  • Beech marten, Martes foina LC (southern Europe)
  • European pine marten, Martes martes LC
  • Sable. Martes zibellina LC (western Ural Mountains, European Russia)
  • Caucasian badger, Meles canescens (Crete, Rhodes)
  • Asian badger, Meles leucurus [2] LC (Russia, Kazakhstan)
  • European badger, Meles meles LC
  • Stoat, Mustela erminea LC
  • Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmanii LC
  • European mink, Mustela lutreola CR (eastern Europe)
  • European polecat, Mustela putorius LC
  • Least weasel, Mustela nivalis LC
  • Siberian weasel, Mustela sibirica [2] LC (Russia)
  • Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna VU (southeastern Europe)

Viverridae (viverrids)[]

  • Common genet, Genetta genetta LC (France, Spain, Italy, Portugal)

Felidae (cats)[]

The Eurasian lynx
  • Swamp cat, Felis chaus LC (Cis-Caspian region)[5]
  • European wildcat, Felis silvestris
  • Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx LC
  • Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus EN (Spain and Portugal)
  • Persian leopard, Panthera pardus tulliana EN (P. pardus: VU) (Dagestan, Northern Caucasus, European Russia)[6][7]

Hyaenidae (hyenas)[]

  • Striped hyena, Hyaena hyaena NT (European Georgia and Azerbaijan)

Phocidae (earless seals)[]

  • Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata VU (Northern Scandinavia)
  • Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus LC (Northern Scandinavia)
  • Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC (Norway, Baltics, Great Britain and Ireland)
  • Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus EN (Mediterranean)
  • Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus LC (Northern Scandinavia)
  • Common seal, Phoca vitulina LC
  • Ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC (Northern Scandinavia)

Odobenidae[]

  • Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus DD (Svalbard, Iceland and as migrant further south)

Odd-toed ungulates[]

Equidae (horse)[]

Even-toed ungulates[]

Suidae (pigs)[]

  • Wild boar, Sus scrofa LC

Bovidae (bovid)[]

  • European bison, Bison bonasus VU (reintroduced)
  • Wild goat, Capra aegagrus VU (Southern Europe and Russia)
  • West Caucasian tur, Capra caucasica [2] EN (Caucasus)
  • East Caucasian tur, Capra cylindricornis [2] NT (Caucasus)
  • Alpine ibex, Capra ibex LC (France, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany)
  • Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica LC (Spain and Portugal)
  • Goitered gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa VU (European Azerbaijan)
  • Muskox, Ovibos moschatus LC (Norway, Russia; reintroduced)
  • Mouflon, Ovis gmelini (Cyprus)
  • Pyrenean chamois, Rupicapra pyrenaica LC
  • Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra LC
  • Saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica CR (European Russia and Kazakhstan)

Cervidae (deer)[]

  • Elk, Alces alces LC
  • Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus LC
  • Red deer, Cervus elaphus LC
  • Fallow deer, Dama dama LC
  • Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus VU (Scandinavia)

Cetacea[]

Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)[]

Killer whale
Bottlenose dolphin
  • White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
  • Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
  • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
  • Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU)
  • Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
  • Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
    (Mediterranean subpopulation: EN, ssp. ponticus: VU)
  • Bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
    (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU, ssp. ponticus: EN)
  • Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei LC (Canary Islands in Africa)
  • False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
  • Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
  • Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)
  • Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)
  • Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
  • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD

Phocoenidae (porpoises)[]

  • Common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC
    (Baltic Sea subpopulation: CR, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise: EN)

Monodontidae[]

  • White whale, Delphinapterus leucas NT (Arctic Ocean)
  • Narwhal, Monodon monoceros NT (Arctic Ocean)

Kogiidae[]

  • Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
  • Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD

Physeteridae[]

  • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU (Mediterranean subpopulation: EN)

Ziphiidae (beaked whales)[]

  • Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
  • Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
  • True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD
  • Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
  • Grays beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD
  • Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
  • Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)

Balaenopteridae (rorquals)[]

Humpback whale
  • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN (ssp. musculus North Atlantic stock: VU)
  • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU)
  • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
  • Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
  • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD (Canary Islands in Africa)
  • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC

Eschrichtiidae[]

  • Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus CR (possible vagrant from Pacific was recorded in 2010[10])

Balaenidae[]

  • Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC
    (Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) subpopulation: CR)
  • North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN

Introduced animals[]

Macropodidae (macropods)[]

  • Red-necked wallaby, Notamacropus rufogriseus LC (Britain, Ireland, France and Germany, introduced)

Erinaceidae[]

Sciuridae (squirrels)[]

  • Grey squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis LC (Britain, introduced)
  • Barbary ground squirrel, Atlantoxerus getulus LC (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain, introduced)
  • Siberian chipmunk, Tamias sibiricus LC (introduced)

Myocastoridae[]

  • Coypu, Myocastor coypus LC (introduced)

Cricetidae[]

Muskrat
  • Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus LC (introduced)

Muroids::Muridae[]

Old World rats and mice
  • Brown rat, Rattus norvegicus LC (introduced)
  • Black rat, Rattus rattus LC (introduced)

Canidae[]

  • Raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides LC (introduced)

Mustelidae (weasel)[]

  • American mink, Neogale vison LC (much of Europe)

Herpestidae (mongooses)[]

  • Egyptian mongoose, Herpestes ichneumon LC (Spain and Portugal, disputed, possibly native)

Procyonidae[]

  • South American coati, Nasua nasua LC (Great Britain, introduced)
  • Common raccoon, Procyon lotor LC (introduced)

Mephitidae[]

  • Striped skunk, Mephitis mephitis LC (introduced)

Bovidae (bovid)[]

  • Barbary sheep, Ammotragus lervia VU (Spain and Portugal, introduced)

Cervidae (deer)[]

  • Chital, Axis axis LC (introduced)
  • Wapiti, Cervus canadensis LC (Italy, introduced)
  • Sika deer, Cervus nippon LC (introduced)
  • Chinese water deer, Hydropotes inermis VU (Britain, France, introduced)
  • Chinese muntjac, Muntiacus reevesi LC (Britain, Ireland, Japan, Holland, Belgium, introduced)
  • White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus LC (introduced)

See also[]

Further reading[]

  • Macdonald D., Barrett P., Collins Field Guide: Mammals of Britain & Europe, HarperCollinsPublishers, London, 1993, ISBN 0-00-219779-0
  • Görner M., Hackethal H., Beobachten und bestimmen: Säugetiere Europas, Neumann Verlag, Leipzig, Radebeul, 1987, ISBN 3-7402-0025-1

Notes[]

  1. ^ According to the IUCN Red List this distribution needs to be confirmed and bats from North Africa are treated as Pipistrellus kuhlii.[4]

References[]

  1. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved 21 June 2012.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av "Mammal Diversity Database. (2020). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.2) [Data set]. Zenodo". 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4139818. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
  3. ^ Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 474–475. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ Piraccini, R. 2016. Pipistrellus hesperidus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136741A22035802. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136741A22035802.en. Downloaded on 06 January 2018.
  5. ^ Ellerman, J. R. and Morrison-Scott, T. C. S. (1966). Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Second edition. British Museum of Natural History, London. Pp. 306–307
  6. ^ WWF (2007) Strategy for the Conservation of the Leopard in the Caucasus Ecoregion. Strategic Planning Workshop on Leopard Conservation in the Caucasus. Tbilisi, Georgia, 30 May – 1 June 2007
  7. ^ Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.; Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017). "A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group" (PDF). Cat News (Special Issue 11).
  8. ^ "The Last Truly Wild Horses Are Alive and Well in Chernobyl". Popular Mechanics. October 17, 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  9. ^ "Fresh research shows how horse domestication helped shape humanity". . May 10, 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  10. ^ King, Anthony (20 August 2015). "Are grey whales climate change's big winners?". The Irish Times.

External links[]

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