List of people from Manila

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list is made up of notable people born or resides in Manila, the capital of the Philippines.

National heroes and patriots[]

  • Andrés Bonifacio – Filipino nationalist, revolutionary leader and founder of Katipunan
  • Gregoria de Jesús – founder and vice-president of the women's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines.[1] She was also the custodian of the documents and seal of the Katipunan.[2] Wife of Andrés Bonifacio.
  • Emilio Jacinto – Filipino General during the Philippine Revolution
  • Julio Nakpil – Filipino musician, composer and a General during the Philippine Revolution
  • Antonio Luna – Filipino pharmacist and general who fought in the Philippine–American War
  • Juan Luna – painter and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century and the brother of Antonio Luna.
  • José Palma – poet and soldier. He was on the staff of La Independencia at the time he wrote "Filipinas", a patriotic poem in Spanish that is since been the basis for every translation of the lyrics of Philippine National Anthem.
  • Jacinto Zamora and Mariano Gomes – Filipino Catholic priests, part of the Gomburza, a trio of priests who were falsely accused of mutiny by the Spanish colonial authorities in the Philippines in the 19th century.
  • Trinidad Pardo de Tavera – Filipino propagandist, physician, historian and politician
  • Macario Sakay – Filipino Revolutionay General
  • Francisco Carreón – Filipino Revolutionay General
  • Edilberto Evangelista – Filipino Revolutionary General
  • Flaviano Yengko – Filipino Revolutionary General
  • Licerio Gerónimo – general of the Philippine Revolutionary Forces under Emilio Aguinaldo during Philippine–American War
  • Marina Dizon – heroine of the Philippine Revolution and one of the first women initiated into the Katipunan. She also kept important documents for the Katipunan.[3]
  • José Dizon – Filipino patriot who was among those who founded the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution
  • Román Ongpin – Filipino-Chinese businessman and philanthropist who aided Filipino revolutionaries against the Spanish and American colonial administration in the Philippine islands.[4]
  • Mariano Limjap – Filipino-Chinese businessman and philanthropist who helped in the Philippine Revolution and the Filipino-American War.
  • Agueda Esteban – Filipina revolutionary
  • Hermenegildo Cruz – writer and trade union organizer. He was a founding member of Unión Obrera Democrática Filipina and a member of the Philippine Assembly. He became Director of the Bureau of Labor in 1924.[5]
  • Gregorio S. Araneta – Filipino lawyer, businessman, and nationalist, during the Spanish and American colonial periods.[6]
  • Pablo Ocampo – Filipino lawyer, nationalist, a member of the Malolos Congress, first Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands to the United States Congress
  • Rosa Sevilla – Filipino activist, educator, and journalist who advocated for women's suffrage in the Philippines.[7]
  • Concepción Felix – Filipina feminist and human rights activist. She established one of the first women's organizations in the Philippines, Asociación Feminista Filipina, as well as one of the first humanitarian NGOs, La Gota de Leche, aimed specifically at the well-being of mothers and their children. On several occasions, she spoke to legislators to promote women's enfranchisement.
  • Benito Legarda – Filipino legislator who was a member of the Philippine Commission of the American colonial Insular Government, the government's legislature, and later a Resident Commissioner from the Philippine Islands to the United States Congress.
  • Edgar Jopson – labor rights and student activist, and freedom fighter during the reign of Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos.
  • Gaston Z. Ortigas – freedom fighter, agrarian reformer, entrepreneur, and peace advocate best known for his opposition to the Martial Law dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos,[8]

National Scientists[]

National Artists[]

Politics and Government[]

Religion[]

  • Lorenzo Ruiz – first Catholic Filipino saint
  • José María of Manila – Spanish-Filipino Roman Catholic blessed, and was priest of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. He was martyred in the early phase of the Spanish Civil War, and is the third Filipino to have been declared blessed by the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Ignacia del Espíritu Santo – Catholic Venerable, founder the Congregation of the Sisters of the Religious of the Virgin Mary, the first native Filipino female congregation with approved pontifical status in what is now the Republic of the Philippines.[15]
  • Francisca del Espíritu Santo Fuentes – Catholic Venerable, first Prioress of the Dominican Sisters of Saint Catherine of Siena in the Philippines.
  • Isabel Larrañaga Ramírez – Catholic Venerable, Spanish-Filipina nun and foundress who is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church.
  • Joaquina Maria Mercedes Barcelo Pages – Catholic Venerable, Spanish Augustinian nun who cofounded the Augustinian Sisters of Our Lady of Consolation
  • Rolando Joven Tria Tirona OCD, D.D., Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Caceres and Bishop Emeritus of Prelature of Infanta and Diocese of Malolos
  • Diosdado Talamayan – Roman Catholic archbishop. Former auxiliary bishop and second archbishop of the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao.
  • Mylo Hubert Vergara – 2nd Bishop of the Diocese of Pasig, 3rd Bishop of San Jose from February 12, 2005 to April 20, 2011.[16]
  • Federico O. Escaler, S.J. – Roman Catholic Bishop of the Diocese of Kidapawan and the Diocese of Ipil
  • Nicolás Zamora – founder of the first indigenous evangelical church in the Philippines, known as Iglesia Evangelica Metodista en las Islas Filipinas.[17] Zamora is also recognized as the first Filipino Protestant minister in the Philippines.[18]
  • Dionisio Deista Alejandro – first Filipino Bishop of the Methodist Church, elected in 1944.
  • Jose C. Abriol – Filipino Catholic priest, linguist, and high official in the church in the Philippines. He was the first to translate the Bible into Tagalog, the native language for most Filipinos.[19]
  • Roque Ferriols, S.J. –Filipino Jesuit philosopher known for pioneering the use of Tagalog in philosophizing.[20][21][22][23]
  • Mary Therese Vicente – Filipino Roman Catholic nun, foundress of the Sisters of the Holy Face of Jesus of Perpetual Adoration
  • Mary Christine Tan – Filipino missionary, nun, and activist, who was known to be one of the key figures who was against the human rights abuses during the Martial law era. She headed the Association of Major Religious Superiors of Women (AMRSP) from 1973–1976, a group of religious sisters who not only vocalized their disdain against the Martial Law dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos, but also managed to help Filipinos who are suffering from poverty.[24] Member of the Philippine Constitutional Commission of 1986.

Literature[]

  • José de la Cruz – "Hari ng Makatang Tagalog"
  • Patricio Mariano – nationalist, revolutionary, pundit,[25] poet, playwright, dramatist, short story writer, novelist, journalist,[25] violinist, and painter.
  • Severino Reyes – writer, playwright, and director of plays, "Father of the Tagalog Zarzuela".[26]
  • Juan Abad – playwright and journalist
  • Fernando María Guerrero – poet
  • Cecilio Apóstol – poet
  • Jesús Balmori – Filipino Spanish language journalist, playwright, and poet.
  • Faustino Aguilar – pioneering Filipinosocial realist novelist, journalist, revolutionary, union leader, and editor.
  • Alberto Segismundo Cruz – Poet and novelist
  • Iñigo Ed. Regalado – Poet, journalist, and novelist
  • Iñigo C. Regalado – Poet and novelist
  • Rosauro Almario – writer
  • José Corazón de Jesús – Tagalog poet, King of the Balagtasan
  • Genoveva Matute – author
  • Carmen Guerrero Nakpil – journalist, author, historian and public servant
  • Bienvenido Santos – Filipino-American fiction, poetry and nonfiction writer
  • Gilda Cordero-Fernando – writer and publisher
  • Clodualdo del Mundo Sr. – novelist, playwright, essayist, short story writer, journalist, screenwriter, teacher, critic
  • Virginia R. Moreno – writer and playwright
  • Gémino Abad – literary critic
  • Pablo S. Gomez – komiks writer, screenwriter and director.
  • E. San Juan Jr. – literary critic
  • Teo Antonio – poet
  • Lualhati Bautista – novelist, film and television screenwriter
  • Jessica Hagedorn – playwright, writer, poet, multimedia performance artist
  • Loizza Aquino – writer, mental health activist, and founder of Peace of Mind Canada and co-founder of Student Mental Health Canada.

Visual arts[]

Architecture[]

Science and Education[]

  • Anacleto del Rosario – chemist, "Father of Philippine Science and Laboratory"
  • León María Guerrero – Filipino writer, revolutionary leader, politician, the first licensed pharmacist in the Philippines, and one of the most eminent botanists in the country in his time.
  • Manuel A. Zamora – Filipino chemist and pharmacist best known for his discovery of the tiki-tiki formula against beriberi.[28]
  • Manuel S. Guerrero – medical doctor who studied beriberi in infants in the Philippines.[29]
  • Renato Constantino – nationalist historian
  • Ricardo Manapat – scholar, writer, researcher, and author of Some Are Smarter Than Others: The History of Marcos' Crony Capitalism", a work on anti-cronyism exposing the wealth of the Marcos dynasty,[30][31]
  • Lydia Yu-Jose – professor of political science and Japanese Studies at the Ateneo de Manila University best known for her research into the history of Japan–Philippines relations, as well as aiding in the development of Japanese studies in the Philippines as a separate academic discipline.
  • Jaime C. Bulatao – Filipino Jesuit priest and psychologist.
  • Armand Mijares – Filipino archaeologist
  • Librada Avelino and Carmen de Luna -Filipina educators and founders the Centro Escolar University.
  • Onofre R. Pagsanghan – educator, screenplay writer
  • Don Moon – President of Shimer College[32]

Performing Arts, Film, and Entertainment[]

  • Ladislao Bonus – "Father of the Filipino opera".[33]
  • Dolores Paterno – Filipina composer known for the song "La Flor de Manila" (also known as "Sampaguita").[34]
  • Francisco Santiago – musician, sometimes called The Father of Kundiman Art Song.[35]
  • Lea Salonga – film actress, singer
  • Basil Valdez – singer and composer
  • Hajji Alejandro – singer
  • Rico J. Puno – singer
  • Louie Ocampo – composer and arranger
  • Arnel Pineda – lead singer of the American rock band Journey since 2008
  • Gary Valenciano – singer, songwriter, actor, host and musical director
  • Francis Magalona – singer and rapper
  • Wally Gonzalez – guitarist and member of Juan de la Cruz Band
  • Sarah Geronimo – film actress, host, television actress, brand ambassador and singer
  • Angeline Quinto – film and television actress, singer and host
  • Sam Concepcion – film and television actor, singer, host, dancer and VJ
  • Maiko Nakamura – RNB singer and record producer based in Tokyo, Japan
  • José Nepomuceno – one of the pioneering directors and producers of Philippine cinema. He is also known as the "founder of Philippine movies", and he had his own production company Jose Nepomuceno Productions. He produced the first Filipino silent film entitled Dalagang Bukid in 1919.
  • Lily Monteverde – film producer
  • Joey Gosiengfiao – film director
  • Danny Zialcita – film director
  • Mike De Leon – film director
  • Maryo J. de los Reyes – film and television director
  • Soxie Topacio – film and actor, and director
  • Rory Quintos – film and television director
  • Wenn V. Deramas – film and television director
  • Auraeus Solito – film director
  • Gino M. Santos – film director
  • Lisa Macuja-Elizalde – first Filipina Prima Ballerina
  • Roberto Villanueva – dancer, choreographer, and producer.
  • Dolphy – actor and comedian
  • Panchito Alba – actor and comedian
  • Chicháy – comedienne and actress
  • Cachupoy – actor and comedian
  • Dely Atay-Atayan – comedienne and singer
  • Babalu – actor and comedian
  • Mila del Sol – film actress
  • Bella Flores – film actress
  • Tony Santos Sr. – film and television actor
  • Berting Labra – film and television actor
  • Max Alvarado – film and television actor
  • Mona Lisa – film actress
  • German Moreno – television host and comedian
  • Gloria Romero – film and television actress
  • Luis Gonzales – film and television actor
  • Armando Goyena – film and television actor
  • Rosa Rosal – film actress
  • Charito Solis – film actress
  • Alicia Vergel – film and television actress
  • Boots Anson-Roa – film and television actress, columnist, editor, and lecturer
  • Rosemarie Gil – film actress
  • Eddie Mesa – actor and singer
  • Tirso Cruz III – film and television actor
  • Gina Pareño – film and television actress
  • Bomber Moran – film and television actor
  • Bernardo Bernardo – stage actor, comedian, and film director
  • Maricel Soriano – film actress
  • Amy Austria – film and television actress
  • Sandy Andolong – film and television actress
  • Alfie Anido – film actor
  • Subas Herrero – stage and film actor, comedian
  • Johnny Delgado – film and television actor
  • Helen Gamboa – veteran actress
  • Joey de Leon – actor, comedian, and television host
  • Michael De Mesa – film and television actor
  • Mark Gil – film and television actor
  • Cherie Gil – film and television actress
  • Rene Requiestas – actor and comedian
  • Richie D'Horsie – actor and comedian
  • Cherry Pie Picache – film and television actress
  • Coney Reyes – film and television actress
  • Pen Medina – actor
  • Niño Muhlach – film and television actor
  • Aga Muhlach – film and television actor
  • Chin Chin Gutierrez – film and television actress and environmentalist
  • Snooky Serna – film actress
  • Eula Valdez – actress
  • Matet De Leon – actress
  • Eugene Domingo – film and television actress
  • Nonie Buencamino – actor
  • Michael V. – actor and comedian
  • Paolo Contis – actor
  • Camille Prats – actress
  • Piolo Pascual – actor
  • Ara Mina – film and television actress, fashion model and singer
  • Sunshine Cruz – actress
  • KC Concepcion – actress
  • Andrea Torres – film and television actress, host and commercial model
  • Kate Valdez – film and television actress and model
  • Beverly Vergel – film actress, director, producer, ramp model and public speaker
  • Mikee Quintos – film and television actress and singer
  • Mylene Dizon – dramatic actress
  • Polo Ravales – film and television actor and fashion model
  • Marvin Agustin – film and television actor
  • Jose Manalo – actor and comedian
  • Maxene Magalona – actress
  • Bea Nicolas – film and television actress
  • Francine Diaz – actress
  • Vice Ganda – film and television actor, brand ambassador, host and vlogger
  • Julia Montes – film and television actress, host and model
  • Jopay Paguia – film and television actress, host, singer and dancer
  • JC de Vera – actor
  • JM De Guzman – actor
  • Manny Jacinto – actor
  • Zaijan Jaranilla – actor
  • Sofia Andres – actress
  • Heaven Peralejo – film, television actress and painter
  • Donita Nose – comedian

Journalism and media[]

  • Gus Abelgas – host and journalist
  • Kim Atienza – television host, actor, and weather anchor
  • Inday Badiday – host and journalist
  • Louie Beltran – broadcast journalist and newspaper columnist
  • Teodoro Benigno – Journalist, writer
  • Angelo Castro Jr. – broadcast journalist
  • Arnold Clavio – television host
  • Karen Davila – broadcast journalist
  • DJ Chacha – radio disc jockey
  • James Deakin – TV show host and colunmist
  • Mike Enriquez – TV and radio newscaster
  • Jove Francisco – broadcast journalist
  • Betty Go-Belmonte -Journalist, newspaper publisher, co-founder of Philippine Daily Inquirer, The Philippine STAR and Pilipino Star Ngayon
  • June Keithley – broadcast journalist
  • Rico Hizon – broadcast journalist
  • Pia Hontiveros– broadcast journalist
  • Vicky Morales – TV newscaster
  • Tina Monzon-Palma – broadcast journalist
  • Dong Puno – former television public affairs host, media executive, newspaper columnist, and lawyer.
  • Joaquin "Chino" Roces – nationalist, newspaper publisher, and freedom fighter during the reign of Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos.
  • Abraham Sarmiento Jr. – Filipino student journalist who gained prominence as an early and visible critic of the martial law government of President Ferdinand Marcos. editor-in-chief of the Philippine Collegian.
  • Howie Severino – broadcast journalist and documentarist
  • Lolit Solis – talk show host, entertainment news writer, and talent manager.
  • Max Soliven – journalist, newspaper publisher, activist, television host, co-founder of the Philippine Star
  • Jose Mari Velez – TV newscaster, lawyer, journalist, business executive, and activist.
  • Isagani Yambot – former publisher of the Philippine Daily Inquirer

Business[]

  • Jorge L. Araneta – CEO, Chairman, and President of The Araneta Group
  • Felipe Gozon – Chairman and CEO of GMA Network, Inc.[36]
  • Mark López – chairman of ABS-CBN Corporation
  • Roberto Ongpin – Chairman, CEO, and Director of Alphaland Corporation[37]
  • Manuel V. Pangilinan – owner of Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company, Metro Pacific Investments Corporation, TV5 and Philex Mining
  • Enrique K. Razon – billionaire and the chairman and CEO of the International Container Terminal Services, Inc. (ICTSI), Chairman of Bloomberry Resorts Corp. (BRC), developer of Solaire Resort and Casino
  • Andrés Soriano Sr. – Spanish Filipino industrialist and philanthropist
  • Henry Sy – owner of SM Investments Corporation, SM Prime Holdings, SM Development Corporation and Highlands Prime Holdings, Banco de Oro and Chinabank
  • Andrew Tan – owner of Alliance Global Group, Megaworld Corporation and Golden Arches Development Corporation
  • George Ty – owner of Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company
  • Emilio Yap – Chinese Filipino business tycoon. He was the chairman of the board of the Manila Bulletin.
  • Alfonso Yuchengco – headed the Yuchengco Group of Companies, one of the largest family-owned business conglomerates in the Philippines.
  • Fernando Zobel de Ayala – businessman, president and chief executive officer of Ayala Corporation[38]

Culinary arts[]

  • Cristeta Comerford – Filipino-American chef who has been the White House Executive Chef since 2005. She is the first woman and first person of Asian origin to hold the post.
  • Ma Mon Luk – Chinese restaurateur.

Fashion[]

  • Brent Chua – fashion model and photographer
  • Pitoy Moreno – fashion designer.
  • Josie Natori – Filipino American fashion designer.
  • Ricky Reyes – hairdresser
  • Kermit Tesoro – accessories and fashion designer.

Pageants[]

Sports[]

  • Hector Calma – basketball player
  • Dionisio Calvo – swimmer
  • Monsour del Rosario – martial artist, actor, producer and politician
  • Luisito Espinosa – boxer
  • Jasmin Figueroa – archer
  • Danny Florencio – basketball player
  • Zema Ion – professional wrestler
  • Christine Jacob – swimmer
  • Lim Eng Beng – basketball player
  • Charlie Kendall – American football player
  • Samboy Lim – basketball player
  • Carlos Loyzaga – basketball player
  • Chito Loyzaga – basketball player
  • Miguel Mendoza – swimmer
  • Frankie Miñoza – golfer
  • Paeng Nepomuceno – bowler
  • Benjie Paras – basketball player
  • Efren Reyes – pool player and actor
  • Jennifer Rosales – swimmer
  • Jason Sabio – footballer
  • Marlon Stöckinger – race car driver
  • Tim Tebow – former American football and baseball player
  • Yannick Tuason – footballer
  • Carlos Yulo – gymnast

Other[]

  • Muelmar Magallanes – 18-year-old construction worker and hero who died saving 30 lives during Typhoon Ketsana[39]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jesus, Gregoria de. "Filipino Women". Solidarity Philippines Australia Network. Retrieved December 28, 2006.
  2. ^ "Excerpt". Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Santiago, Lilia Quindoza (1997). Tales of Courage & Compassion: Stories of Women in the Philippine Revolution. HASIK inc.
  3. ^ Palafox, Quennie Ann J. "Lest we forget our unsung founding mothers".
  4. ^ Medina, Marielle (February 27, 2015). "Did you know: Roman Ongpin". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Inquirer Research. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
  5. ^ Kape at Balita: Panghimagas: 1943: Death of Hermenegildo Cruz (News program). Philippines: GMA News. 2012.
  6. ^ "Gregorio S. Araneta" (PDF). National Historical Institute. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 8, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
  7. ^ "Google fetes Filipina suffragist Rosa Sevilla de Alvero with doodle on 142nd birthday". CNN Philippines. March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
  8. ^ Mayuga, Sylvia L. (1994). A Revolutionary Odyssey: The Life and Times of Gaston Z. Ortigas. Published and exclusively distributed by Anvil Pub. ISBN 9789712703874.
  9. ^ Sullivan, Laura; David Greene (May 8, 2004). "Fil-Am general praised for report". The Baltimore Sun. ABS-CBN news. Archived from the original on November 24, 2004. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
  10. ^ Eljera, Bert (August 1, 1997). "Army appoints its second Fil-Am general". AsianWeek. Pan Asia Venture Capital Corporation. Archived from the original on August 26, 2006. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
  11. ^ Julius F. Fortuna (August 23, 2007). "Yano takes over Philippine Army". The Manila Times. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
  12. ^ Olsen, Kristin (1994). Chronology of women's history. Greenwood. p. 195. ISBN 978-0313288036.
  13. ^ Miguel R. Cornejo, Cornejo's Commonwealth directory of the Philippines, Encyclopedic ed., Manilla (1939)
  14. ^ Jimenez-David, Rina (September 8, 2012). "The CJ and the trailblazer". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  15. ^ Mother Ignacia del Espíritu Santo, History of the Religious of the Virgin Mary, UIC.edu.ph
  16. ^ "About the Bishop". The Roman Catholic Diocese of Pasig. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  17. ^ IEMELIF, 31.
  18. ^ Sitoy, 9.
  19. ^ Msgr. Jose Abriol: A Great Church Intellectual Passes Away Archived 2011-05-27 at the Wayback Machine, The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila website, RCam.org
  20. ^ Ferriols, Roque J. (1997). Que, Nemesio S.; Rodriguez, Agustin Martin G. (eds.). Pagdiriwang sa Meron: A Festival of Thought Celebrating Roque J. Ferriols, S.J. Quezon City: Office of Research and Publications, School of Arts and Sciences, Ateneo de Manila University.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. ^ Veric, Charlie Samuya (2020). "Introduction: Reconstruction and Reckoning: Entanglements of Filipino Postcolonial Thought". Children of the Postcolony: Filipino Intellectuals and Decolonization, 1946-1972. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. pp. 46–63.
  23. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  24. ^ http://www.bantayog.org/tan-mary-christine-l-rgs/
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b "Ang mga Anak Dalita (Children of the Poor) by Patricio Mariano". Apple Inc. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  26. ^ Asis, Raul. "'Walang Sugat' to be staged, Feb 11–13". Philippine Entertainment Portal. Retrieved June 27, 2011.
  27. ^ "Filipino Artist Tony Velasquez – Founding Father of Philippine Komiks (Comics)". Archived from the original on May 3, 2014. Retrieved December 27, 2012.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  28. ^ Quirino, C. (1995). "Who's Who in Philippine History." Manila: Tahanan Books
  29. ^ Manuel S. Guerrero (Marker) (in Filipino). Nuestra Señora de Guia Plaza: National Historical Institute. 1954.
  30. ^ "Some Are Smarter Than Others: The History Of Marcos' Crony Capitalism". Solidarity Philippines Australia Network.
  31. ^ Sunico, Ramon (February 24, 2017). "The Secret Life of the Press During Marcos' Time". Esquire Magazine Philippines. Archived from the original on February 28, 2017. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  32. ^ Patrick H. Moorhead (1983). "President Don Moon (1978– )". The Shimer College presidency : 1930 to 1980 (D.Ed. thesis). Loyola University Chicago. p. 178. OCLC 9789513.
  33. ^ Ladislao Bonus Historical Marker (1854–1908) installed by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines
  34. ^ "Dolores Paterno". HIMIG: The Filipino Music Collection of FHL. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
  35. ^ "Francisco Santiago was born in Santa Maria, Bulacan January 29, 1889". The Kahimyang Project. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  36. ^ "Board of Directors". GMANetwork.com webpage. Retrieved June 14, 2018.
  37. ^ "Board of Directors and Executive Officers". Retrieved June 15, 2018.
  38. ^ Cabuag, VG (April 26, 2021). "Ayala completes top management changes". Business Mirror. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  39. ^ Mahr, Krista (December 9, 2009). "Top 10 Heroes – 10. Muelmar Magallanes". Time. Time USA, LLC. Retrieved February 8, 2020.
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