List of philosophers (I–Q)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Part of a series on
Philosophy
PlatoKantNietzscheBuddhaConfuciusAverroesLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, Averroes
About this image
  • Plato
  • Kant
  • Nietzsche
  • Buddha
  • Confucius
  • Averroes
Branches
Periods
Traditions

Traditions by region

Literature
  • Aesthetics
  • Epistemology
  • Ethics
  • Logic
  • Metaphysics
  • Political philosophy
Philosophers
Lists
Socrates.png Philosophy portal
  • v
  • t

Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

I[]

  • Iamblichus (ca. 245 AD-ca. 325)[b][d][e]
  • Yahya ibn Adi (893–974)[d]
  • Ibn Arabi (1164–1240)[b][d][e]
  • Ibn ar-Rawandi (827–911)[d]
  • Ibn Bajjah (or Avempace) (died 1138)[a][b][d][e]
  • Ibn Daud (or Rabad I or Avendauth, or John of Spain) (1110–1180)[a][d][e]
  • Abraham ibn Ezra (1092/3–1167)[d][e]
  • Moses ibn Ezra (1070–1138)[d]
  • Ibn Falaquera (1223–1290)[d][e]
  • Solomon Ibn Gabirol (1021–1058)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Ibn Hazm (994–1069)[d]
  • Ibn Kammuna (1215–1284)[d][e]
  • Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406)[a][b][c][d]
  • Ibn Masarra (883–931)[d]
  • Ibn Miskawayh (940–1030)[a][d]
  • Bahya ibn Paquda (1040–1110)[b][d]
  • Ibn Sabin (1217–1268)[d]
  • Ibn Taymiya (1263–1328)[d]
  • Samuel ibn Tibbon (c. 1165 – 1232)[e]
  • Ibn Tufail (1110–1185)[a][b][d]
  • Joseph ibn Tzaddik (c. 1149)[b][d]
  • Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in (1883–1954)[a][b][d]
  • Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (1924–1979)[d]
  • Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270 – c. 1330)[d]
  • Roman Ingarden (1893–1970)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • William Ralph Inge (1860–1954)[b][d]
  • José Ingenieros (1877–1925)[b]
  • Nae Ionescu (1890–1940)[b]
  • Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938)[b][c][d]
  • Luce Irigaray (born 1930)[a][b][c][d]
  • Terence Irwin (born 1947)[c]
  • Isocrates (436–338 BC)[a]
  • Isaac of Stella (1105–1177)[b][d]
  • Isaac Israeli (c. 850–950)[b][d][e]
  • Ito Jinsai (1627–1705)[b][d]
  • Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov (1866–1949)[b]

J[]

K[]

  • Franz Kafka (1883–1924)[b]
  • Kaibara Ekiken (1630–1740)[b][d]
  • Kang Youwei (1858–1927)[a]
  • Milan Kangrga (1923–2008)
  • Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Kao Tzu (c. 420 – 350 BC)[a]
  • David Kaplan (born 1933)[b][c]
  • Mordecai Kaplan (1881–1983)[d]
  • Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931)[b]
  • (1882–1952)[b]
  • (1279–1340) [e]
  • Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980)[b]
  • Karl Kautsky (1854–1938)[b][c][d]
  • Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (1385–1438)[d]
  • Konstantin Kavelin (1818–1885)[b]
  • Bartholomew Keckermann (1571–1609)[d]
  • Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)[b][c][d]
  • Norman Kemp Smith (1872–1958)[d]
  • Anthony Kenny (born 1931)[c]
  • Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)[a][b][d][e]
  • John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)[a][b][c][d]
  • Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880–1946)[b]
  • Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)[b]
  • Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Richard Kilvington (1302–1361)[a][b][d][e]
  • Robert Kilwardby (1215–1279)[a][b][d][e]
  • Jaegwon Kim (1934–2019)[a][b][c]
  • Al-Kindi (801–873)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968)[b]
  • Ivan Kireevsky (1806–1856)[b]
  • Patricia Kitcher (born 1948)[b]
  • Ludwig Klages (1872–1956)[b]
  • Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811)[a][b]
  • William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990)[c]
  • Martin Knutzen (1713–1751)[b][d]
  • Ko Hung (4th century)[a]
  • Kurt Koffka (1886–1941)[b]
  • Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967)[a][b]
  • Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968)[d]
  • Leszek Kołakowski (1927–2009)
  • Alejandro Korn (1860–1936)[b][c]
  • Karl Korsch (1886–1961)
  • Karel Kosík (1926–2003)
  • Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1886–1981)[a][b][c][d]
  • Alexandre Koyre (1892–1964)[d]
  • (1831–1901)[b]
  • Karl Kraus (1874–1936)[c]
  • Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832)[a][b][d]
  • Georg Kreisel (1923–2015)[c]
  • Saul Kripke (born 1940)[a][b][c][d]
  • Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986)
  • Uppaluri Gopala Krishnamurti (1918–2007)
  • Julia Kristeva (born 1941)[a][b][c][d]
  • Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840)[d]
  • Leopold Kronecker (1823–1891)[d]
  • Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921)[a][b][c][d]
  • Felix Krueger (1874–1948)[b]
  • Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Kūkai (774–835)[c][d][e]
  • Kuki Shūzō (1888–1941)[d]
  • Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)[b]
  • Kumārila Bhaṭṭa (fl. roughly 700)[e]
  • Kumazawa Banzan (1619–1691)[b][d]
  • Kuo Hsiang (or Guoxiang) (died c. 312)[a]

L[]

M[]

  • Catharine Macaulay (1731–1791)[e]
  • Ernst Mach (1838–1916)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Alasdair MacIntyre (born 1929)[a][b][c][d]
  • John Leslie Mackie (1917–1981)[b][c]
  • Madhava (died 1386)[d]
  • Shri Madhvacharya (1238–1317)[a][c][d]
  • Mahavira (599–527 BC)[a][d]
  • Benoît de Maillet (1656–1738)[b]
  • Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua) (1753–1800)[a][b][d][e]
  • Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or Abraham ben Maimon) (1186–1237)[d]
  • Maimonides (or Rambam) (1135–1204)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Maine de Biran (1766–1824)[b][c][d]
  • John Major (or John Mair) (1467–1550)[b][c][d]
  • Errico Malatesta (1853–1932)
  • Norman Malcolm (1911–1990)[a][b][c]
  • Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Ernst Mally (1879–1944)[e]
  • André Malraux (1901–1976)[b]
  • Thomas Malthus (1766–1834)[b]
  • Merab Mamardashvili (1930–1990)[b][d]
  • Bernard de Mandeville (1670–1733)[b][d]
  • Mani (3rd century)[b]
  • Karl Mannheim (1893–1947)[a][b][c]
  • Henry Longueville Mansel (1820–1871)[a][b]
  • Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung) (1893–1976)[a]
  • Gabriel Marcel (1887–1973)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Marcion (110–160)[b]
  • Ruth Barcan Marcus (1921–2012)[a][b][c]
  • Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979)[a][c][d][e]
  • Joseph Maréchal (1878–1944)[b]
  • Juan de Mariana (1536–1624)[a][b]
  • Julián Marías (1914–2005)[b]
  • José Carlos Mariátegui (1894–1930)
  • Lucrezia Marinella (1571–1653)[e]
  • Jacques Maritain (1882–1973)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Gaius Marius Victorinus (4th century)[d]
  • Mihailo Marković (1923–2010)
  • Svetozar Marković (1846–1875)[b]
  • Odo Marquard (1928–2015)
  • Marsilius of Inghen (1330–1396)[a][b][d][e]
  • Marsilius of Padua (or Marsiglio or Marsilio dei Mainardine) (1270–1342)[a][b][c][d]
  • Roger Marston (1235–1303)[b][d]
  • José Martí (1853–1895)
  • (1924–2008)[c]
  • Harriet Martineau (1802–1876)[d]
  • James Martineau (1805–1900)[a][b][c]
  • Piero Martinetti (1872–1943)[b]
  • Anton Marty (1847–1914)[b][e]
  • Marko Marulić (1450–1524)[b]
  • Karl Marx (1818–1883)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Tomáš Masaryk (1850–1937)[b][c][d]
  • Damaris Cudworth Masham (1659–1708)[a][d][e]
  • Cotton Mather (1663–1728)[b]
  • Matthew of Aquasparta (1238–1302)[b][d]
  • Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759)[b]
  • Fritz Mauthner (1849–1923)[d]
  • James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879)[a][b][d]
  • Ernst Mayr (1904–2005)
  • James McCosh (1811–1894)[a][b]
  • William McDougall (1871–1938)[a][b]
  • John McDowell (born 1942)[b][c]
  • Evander Bradley McGilvary (1864–1953)[b]
  • Colin McGinn (born 1950)[c]
  • John Ellis McTaggart (1866–1925)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • George Herbert Mead (1863–1931)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Bartolomé de Medina (1527–1580)[a]
  • Georg Friedrich Meier (1718–1777)[b]
  • Friedrich Meinecke (1862–1954)[b][d]
  • Alexius Meinong (1853–1920)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560)[b][d]
  • Melissus of Samos (late 5th century BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • D. Hugh Mellor (1938–2020)[c]
  • Menasseh Ben Israel (1604–1657)[b]
  • Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi) (372–289 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)[a]
  • Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Susan Mendus (born 1951)
  • Désiré-Joseph Mercier (1851–1926)[a][b]
  • Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Marin Mersenne (1588–1648)[a][b][d][e]
  • Jean Meslier (1664–1729)[b]
  • Judah Messer Leon (c. 1425 – c. 1495)[d]
  • István Mészáros (1930–2017)
  • Emile Meyerson (1859–1933)[b][c][d]
  • Conyers Middleton (1683–1750)[b]
  • Mary Midgley (1919–2018)
  • Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii (1842–1904)[b][d]
  • Miki Kiyoshi (1897–1945)[b][d]
  • Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje) (1507–1554)[d]
  • Gaston Milhaud (1858–1918)[b]
  • James Mill (1773–1836)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • John Millar (1735–1801)[d]
  • Dickinson Miller (1868–1963)[b]
  • Ruth Millikan (born 1933)[b][c]
  • John Milton (1608–1674)[b]
  • (1734–1807)[b]
  • Mir Damad (or Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi) (died 1631)[d]
  • Miura Baien (1723–1789)[b]
  • Jacob Moleschott (1822–1893)[b]
  • Luis de Molina (1535–1600)[a][b][c][d]
  • Enrique Molina Garmendia (1871–1962)[b]
  • Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett) (1714–1799)[d]
  • Richard Montague (1930–1971)[b][d]
  • William Pepperell Montague (1873–1953)[b]
  • Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)[a][b][d][e]
  • Edmund Montgomery (1835–1911)[b]
  • G. E. Moore (1873–1958)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Henry More (1614–1687)[a][b][d][e]
  • Thomas More (1478–1535)[a][b][e]
  • C. Lloyd Morgan (1852–1936)[b]
  • Lewis H. Morgan (1818–1881)[b]
  • Thomas Morgan (died 1743)[b]
  • Karl Philipp Moritz (1756–1793)[b]
  • Edgar Morin (born 1921)
  • Gaetano Mosca (1858–1941)[a][b]
  • Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801)[d]
  • Emmanuel Mounier (1905–1950)[b]
  • (1909–1995)[a]
  • Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius) (c. 470 – c. 390 BC)[a][b][d]
  • David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas or David ha-Bavli) (died 937)[b][d]
  • Mulla Sadra (1571–1640)[b][c][d][e]
  • Iris Murdoch (1919–1999)[b][c]
  • Muro Kyuso (1658–1734)[b]
  • Arthur Edward Murphy (1901–1962)[b]
  • Musonius Rufus (1st century)[b][d]

N[]

  • Arne Næss (1912–2009)[c][d]
  • Nagarjuna (ca. 200 CE)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Ernest Nagel (1901–1985)[a][b][c][d]
  • Thomas Nagel (born 1937)[a][b][c][d]
  • Nahmanides (1194–1270)[d]
  • Jacques-André Naigeon (1738–1810)[b]
  • Toju Nakae (1608–1648)[b]
  • Jean-Luc Nancy (born 1940)[d]
  • Hossein Nasr (born 1933)[b]
  • Paul Gerhard Natorp (1854–1924)[b][e]
  • Sergey Nechayev (1847–1882)
  • Alexander Neckham (1157–1217)[d]
  • Antonio Negri (born 1933)
  • Leonard Nelson (1882–1927)[b]
  • Nemesius of Emesa (fl. c. 400)[a][b][d]
  • John von Neumann (1903–1957)[a][b][c][d]
  • Otto Neurath (1882–1945)[b][c][d][e]
  • John Henry Newman (1801–1890)[a][b][d]
  • Isaac Newton (1642–1727)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Nichiren (1222–1282)[d]
  • Nicholas of Autrecourt (c. 1300 – 1369)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Christoph Friedrich Nicolai (1733–1811)[b]
  • Pierre Nicole (1625–1695)[b]
  • H. Richard Niebuhr (1894–1962)[d]
  • Reinhold Niebuhr (1892–1971)[b][d]
  • Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Agostino Nifo (1470–1538)[d]
  • Nishi Amane (1829–1897)[b][d]
  • Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)[b][c][d][e]
  • Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990)[c][d]
  • Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972)[c]
  • John Norris (1657–1711)[b][d][e]
  • Novalis (1772–1801)[a][b][e]
  • Robert Nozick (1938–2001)[a][b][c][d]
  • Numenius of Apamea (2nd century)[a][b][d][e]
  • Martha Nussbaum (born 1947)[a][b][c]
  • Anders Nygren (1890–1978)[d]

O[]

P[]

  • Thomas Paine (1737–1809)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Menyhért Palágyi (1859–1924)[b]
  • William Paley (1743–1805)[a][b][d]
  • Elihu Palmer (1764–1806)[b]
  • Panaetius (c. 185 – c. 110 BC)[b][d]
  • Antonie Pannekoek (1873–1960)
  • Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928–2014)[b]
  • David Papineau (born 1947)[c]
  • Giovanni Papini (1881–1956)[b]
  • Paracelsus (1493–1541)[a][b][d]
  • Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923)[b]
  • Derek Parfit (1942–2017)[a][b][c]
  • Theodore Parker (1810–1860)[b]
  • Parmenides (5th century BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)[a][b][d][e]
  • John Arthur Passmore (1914–2004)[d]
  • Valentino Annibale Pastore (1868–1956)[b]
  • Patañjali (2nd century BC)[d]
  • Walter Pater (1839–1904)[b]
  • Jan Patočka (1907–1977)[d]
  • Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529–1597)[b][d][e]
  • Akos Pauler (1876–1933)[b]
  • Linus Pauling (1901–1994)[b]
  • Paul of Venice (1369–1429)[a][b][d][e]
  • Friedrich Paulsen (1846–1908)[b]
  • Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936)[b]
  • Christopher Peacocke (born 1950)[c]
  • Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932)[b][c]
  • David Pears (1921–2009)[c]
  • Karl Pearson (1857–1936)[b]
  • John Peckham (died 1292)[b][d]
  • Benjamin Peirce (1809–1880)[e]
  • Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Pelagius (c. 360 – c. 435)[b][c]
  • (died 1420)[e]
  • Thomas Percival (1740–1804)[a]
  • Ralph Barton Perry (1876–1957)[a][b][c]
  • Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827)[b]
  • Peter of Auvergne (13th century)[d]
  • Peter of Spain (13th century; usually identified with Pope John XXI)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Richard Stanley Peters (1919–2011)[c]
  • Jordan B. Peterson (born 1962)
  • Petrarch (1304–1374)[b][c][d]
  • Leon Petrazycki (1867–1931)[d]
  • Joane Petrizi (12th century)[e]
  • Branislav Petronijević (1875–1954)[b]
  • Petar II Petrović-Njegoš (1813–1851)[b]
  • (1862–1929)[b]
  • Alexander Pfänder (1870–1941)[b]
  • Philip the Chancellor (1160–1236)[d][e]
  • Philo Judaeus of Alexandria (20 BC–40 AD)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Philo of Larissa (1st century BC)[d][e]
  • Philo the Dialectician (c. 300 BC)[c][d]
  • Philodemus of Gadara (1st century BC)[b][d][e]
  • Philolaus of Croton (c. 480 – c. 405 BC)[a][b][d][e]
  • Philo of Larissa (154 – 84 BC)[b]
  • Philo of Megara (300 BC c.)[b]
  • John Philoponus (early 6th century)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Jean Piaget (1896–1980)[a][b][d]
  • Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463–1494)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Dimitri Pisarev (1840–1868)[b]
  • Max Planck (1858–1947)[b][c][d]
  • Alvin Plantinga (born 1932)[a][b][c]
  • Plato (c. 427 – c. 347 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Georgi Plekhanov (1856–1918)[a][b][c][d]
  • Helmuth Plessner (1892–1985)[b]
  • Gemistus Pletho (c. 1355 – c. 1452)[b]
  • Plotinus (died 270)[a][b][c][d][e]
  •  [de] (1716–1790)[b]
  • Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia (c. 45 – c. 120)[b][d][e]
  • Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Karl Polanyi (1886–1964)
  • Michael Polanyi (1891–1976)[d]
  • Pietro Pomponazzi (1462–1525)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Alexander Pope (1688–1744)[b]
  • Karl Popper (1902–1994)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Josef Popper-Lynkeus (1838–1921)[b]
  • Porphyry (c. 232 – c. 304)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Giambattista della Porta (c. 1535–1615)[e]
  • Noah Porter (1811–1892)[b]
  • Posidonius (c. 135 – 51 BC)[b][d]
  • Richard Posner (born 1939)[b]
  • Emil Leon Post (1897–1954)[d]
  • Robert Joseph Pothier (1699–1772)[d]
  • Nicos Poulantzas (1936–1979)
  • François Poullain de la Barre (1647–1723)[e]
  • Roscoe Pound (1870–1964)[d]
  • Caio Prado Júnior (1907–1990)
  • Costanzo Preve (1943–2013)
  • Henry Habberley Price (1899–1984)[c]
  • Richard Price (1723–1791)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Harold Arthur Prichard (1871–1947)[a][c][d][e]
  • Joseph Priestley (1733–1804)[a][b][c][d]
  • Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison (1856–1931)[b]
  • Arthur Prior (1914–1969)[b][d][e]
  • Proclus (412–487)[b][c][d][e]
  • Prodicus (c. 450 – 399 BC)[b][d]
  • Protagoras (c. 481 – 420 BC)[b][c][d][e]
  • Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865)[a][b][c][d]
  • Marcel Proust (1871–1922)[b]
  • Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite (5th century)[b][d][e]
  • (13th century)[b][d]
  • Ptolemy (c. 85 – c. 165)[d]
  • Samuel Pufendorf (1632–1694)[a][b][d]
  • Isaac ben Joseph ibn Pulgar (14th century)[e]
  • Hilary Putnam (1926–2016)[a][b][c][d]
  • Pyrrho (c. 360 – c. 270)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Pythagoras (582 – 496 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]

Q[]

  • Antero de Quental (1842–1891)
  •  [es] (1906–1993)
  • W. V. O. Quine (1908–2000)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Anthony Quinton (1925–2010)[c]

References[]

  1. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
  2. Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2
  3. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
  4. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3
  5. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Biographies covered as of October 2, 2020
Retrieved from ""