List of political parties in the Ottoman Empire
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List of parties in Ottoman Empire gives an overview of political parties in Ottoman Empire. Although the First Constitutional Era established the parliament in 1876 through the constitution, it was short-lived and did not involve political parties. The declaration of the Second Constitutional Era in 1908 was the first time political parties were allowed participation in the Ottoman government.
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Jewish workers march in Salonica (Socialist Workers' Federation)
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Committee of Union and Progress
Second Constitutional Era parties (1908–1912)[]
- Committee of Union and Progress (CUP; İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti; 1889–1918)
- (Teşebbüs-i Şahsi ve Adem-i Merkeziyet Cemiyeti; 1902–08)
- Ottoman Liberty Party (Osmanlı Ahrar Fırkası; 1908–10)
- (Fedakâran-ı Millet Cemiyeti; 1908–09)
- Ibrahim Temo, merged with the Freedom and Accord Party) (Fırka-i İbad or Osmanlı Demokrat Fırkası; 1909–11, founded by
- Ottoman Radical Reform Party (Islahat-ı Esasiye-ı Osmaniye Fırkası; 1909-1913, founded by Şerif Pasha, merged with the Freedom and Accord Party)
- (Heyet-i Müttefika-i Osmaniye, 1909)
- Socialist Workers' Federation (Selanik Sosyalist İşçi Federasyonu, 1909–13)
- Freedom and Accord Party) (Mutedil Hürriyetperveran Fırkası, 1909–1911, merged with the
- Ottoman Socialist Party (Osmanlı Sosyalist Fırkası; 1910–13)
- (Ahali Fırkası, 1910, merged with the Freedom and Accord Party)
- Freedom and Accord Party) (Hizb-i Cedid, 1911, merged with the
- (Hizb-i Terakki, 1911, merged with the Freedom and Accord Party)
- Freedom and Accord Party (Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası; 1911–13 and 1918–20)
- (Millî Meşrutiyet Fırkası, 1912)
The Raid on the Sublime Porte and the aftermath of Mahmud Shevket Pasha's assassination meant the CUP took full control over Ottoman politics, effectively suspending the constitution and suppressing opposition parties. No political parties were founded between 1912 and 1918.
Armistice era parties (1918–1922)[]
- Renewal Party (Teceddüt Fırkası; 1918–19, continuation of the Committee of Union and Progress)
- (Osmanlı Hürriyetperver Avam Fırkası, 1918–20, continuation of the Committee of Union and Progress)
- (Ahali İktisat Fırkası, 1918)
- (Selamet-i Osmaniye Fırkası, 1918)
- Social Democrat Party (Sosyal Demokrat Fırkası; 1918-19)
- Freedom and Accord Party (Hürriyet ve İtilâf Fırkası; 1911–13 and 1918–20)
- (Millî Ahrar Fırkası, 1919)
- Turkish Workers and Peasants Socialist Party (Türkiye İşçi ve Çiftçi Sosyalist Fırkası; 1919–20)
- (Milli Türk Fırkası, 1919)
- (Osmanlı Mesai Fırkası, 1919)
- (Osmanlı Çiftçiler Cemiyeti Fırkası, 1919)
- (Türkiye Sosyalist Fırkası; 1919-22)
- Association for the Defence of National Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia (Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti; 1919–1922, changed its name to People's Party, which changed its name to Republican People's Party, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi: 1923–Present)
- (Amele Fırkası, 1920)
- Communist Party of Turkey (Türkiye Komünist Partisi, 1920)
- (Türkiye Halk İştirakiyun Fırkası, 1920)
- (Türkiye Zürra Fırkası, 1920)
- Turkish Communist Party (Türkiye Komünist Fırkası, 1920)
- (Müstakil Sosyalist Fırkası, 1922)
Ethnic parties[]
- People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) (1909–10)
- Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs (1908–09)
- Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party in Palestine (Poale Zion) (1906–?)
- Al-Fatat (also known as the Young Arab Society; Jam’iyat al-’Arabiya al-Fatat)
- Ottoman Party for Administrative Decentralization (Hizb al-lamarkaziyya al-idariyya al'Uthmani; 1913–?)
- Armenakan Party (1885–1921)
- Social Democrat Hunchakian Party (1887–present)
- Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF; Hay Heghapokhagan Dashnaktsutiun or Dashnak or Tashnak; 1890–present)
- Serb Democratic League (1908–?)
Categories:
- Political parties in the Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Empire-related lists
- Ottoman Empire stubs