List of premodern combat weapons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Further information: Types of swords and Classification of swords
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by with reliable sources.

This is a list of historical pre-modern weapons grouped according to their uses, with rough classes set aside for very similar weapons. Some weapons may fit more than one category (e.g. the spear may be used either as a pole weapon or as a projectile), and the earliest gunpowder weapons which fit within the period are also included.

Offensive weapons[]

Melee weapons[]

Main article: Melee weapon

Hand or fist weapons and fans[]

Single-handed weapons not resembling a straight dagger blade, usually wielded without wrist action; often protects the forearm.

  • Bagh nakha, tiger claws (Indian)
  • Brass knuckles, knuckle dusters (European)
  • Cestus, bladed cestus, caestus, myrmex, sfere (Mediterranean)
  • Deer Horn Knives (Chinese)
  • Emeici (Chinese)
  • Finger knife (African)[1]
  • Gauntlet (European)
  • Indian parrying weapon[1]
  • Japanese fan, iron fan
  • Katar, suwaiya (कटार) (Indian)
  • Korean fan, mubuchae (무부채), tempered birch fan
  • Larim fighting bracelet, nyepel (African)[1]
  • Maduvu, buckhorn parrying stick, maru (Indian)[1]
  • Pata, sword gauntlet (Indian)
  • Push dagger, also see Katar (dagger) (Indian)
  • Tekko (Japanese)
  • Wind and fire wheels (Chinese)

Edged and bladed weapons[]

Main article: Edged and bladed weapons

Thrusting and cutting weapons for melee combat. Col. D.H. Gordon's classification has been used where applicable.[2][3]

Swords[]
Main article: Sword
Further information: Types of swords

Long swords were classified by Gordon as longer than 28 inches/71 cm.[2]

Curved one-handed swords[]
  • Ayudha katti (South and Southeast Asian)[1]
  • Butterfly sword (Chinese)
  • Cutlass, hanger, hangar (European)
  • Dao, beidao, zhibei dao (Chinese)
  • Dao (Northeastern Indian)
  • Dha (Southeast Asian)
  • Dussack, disackn, dusack, dusagge, dusegg, dusegge, dysack, tesak, thuseckn, tuseckn (Although some list this weapon only as a wooden practice sword, this was a real weapon.)[1]
  • Falchion (European)
  • Hunting sword (European)
  • Hwando (Korean)
  • Kampilan (Philippinese, Southeast Asian)
  • Karabela (European)
  • Kastane (Sri Lankan)
  • Khopesh, sappara, sickle sword (Egyptian, Middle Eastern)
  • Kilij (North Indian, Middle Eastern)
  • Klewang (Southeast Asian)
  • Krabi (Southeast Asian)
  • Liuyedao (Chinese)
  • Mameluke (Middle Eastern)
  • Messer, großmesser, hiebmesser, kriegsmesser, langes messer (German, European)
  • Nimcha (African)
  • Parang Nabur (Bornean)
  • Piandao (Chinese)
  • Pulwar (Middle Eastern)
  • Sabre, briquet (European)
  • Schweizersäbel (European)
  • Scimitar, saif (Middle Eastern)
  • Shamshir (Pakistanian, North Indian, Middle Eastern)
  • Shashka (Caucasian, Circassian)
  • Surik (Indonesian)
  • Szabla (Polish, Lithuanian)
  • Talwar (Pakistanian, North Indian, Middle Eastern)
  • Yanmaodao (Chinese)
Straight one-handed swords[]
  • Arming sword, war sword (European)
  • Backsword (European)
  • Basket-hilted sword, schiavona, broadsword, mortuary sword, heavy cavalry sword (European)
  • Chokutō (Japanese)
  • Épée (European. Although now a fencing practice weapon, it originally was a stiff, heavy, triangular bladed thrusting sword weighing about 30oz.)[4]
  • Espada ropera or Rapier (European)
  • Estoc (European)
  • Firangi, firanghi (Central Asian)[1]
  • Flamberge (European)
  • Flyssa (North African)
  • Hwandudaedo (Korean)
  • Ida (West African)
  • Jian (Chinese)
  • Kampilan (Philippinese)
  • Kaskara (Central African)
  • Katzbalger (German)
  • Khanda (South Asian)
  • Moplah (Southwestern Indian)[1]
  • Patag (Bhutanese)
  • Rapier (European)
  • Saingeom (Korean)
  • Seax (European)
  • Side sword (European)
  • Sikin Panyang (Sumatran)
  • Spadroon (European)
  • Spatha (Mediterranean, Greek)
  • Takoba (North African)
  • Tibetan Jian (Middle Asian)[1]
  • Tsurugi (Japanese)
  • Ulfberht (Frankish)
Curved two-handed swords[]
  • Dōtanuki (Japanese)
  • Falx (European, Thraco-Dacian)
  • Katana (Japanese)
  • Miao dao (Chinese)
  • Nandao (Chinese)
  • Nihontō (Japanese)
  • Panabas (Philippinese)
  • Ssangsudo (Korean)
  • Tachi (Japanese)
  • Uchigatana (Japanese)
Hand-and-a-half and two-handed greatswords[]
  • Assamese dao (Indian, Southeast Asian)[1]
  • (European)[1]
  • Changdao (Chinese)
  • , highland sword (European)[1]
  • Claymore, Scottish Gaelic for "great sword" (Scottish, European)
  • Dadao (Chinese)
  • Executioner's sword, heading sword, sword of justice (European)
  • Flame-bladed sword, flambard, flammard, flammenschwert (European)
  • Katana (Japanese)
  • Longsword, bastard sword, espée bastarde, hand and a half sword (European)
  • Nagamaki (Japanese)[5]
  • Nodachi, Ōdachi (Japanese)
  • Parade sword, paratschwerter (European)[1]
  • Wodao (Chinese)
  • Zanbatō (Japanese)
  • Zhanmadao (Chinese)
  • Zweihänder, great sword, espadon, spadone, tuck, montante, lowland sword, two handed sword, dopplehänder (European)
Shortswords[]

Delineated as 20-28 inches/51–71 cm total length.[2]

Curved shortswords

  • Aikuchi, haikuchi (Japanese)
  • Barong (Southeast Asian)
  • Janbiya, jambiya, jambya, jambia, janbia (Middle Eastern)
  • Kerala, kaduthala (Indian)
  • Khanjar (Middle Eastern)
  • Kodachi (Japanese)
  • Pinuti (Southeast Asian)
  • Shikomizue (Japanese)
  • Talibon (Southeast Asian)
  • Wakizashi (Japanese)

Straight shortswords

  • (Shona tribe of Southern Africa)
  • Baselard (European)
  • Bilbo (European)
  • Bolo, itak (Philippinese, Southeast Asian)
  • Cinquedea, anelace (European)
  • Colichemarde (European)
  • Cossack dagger, Ottoman quama, kinjal, quama, kama (Middle Eastern)[1]
  • Gladius (Roman)
  • Khanjali (Georgian, Caucasian)
  • Luwuk (Javanese)
  • Misericorde (European)
  • Ninjato, Shinobi gatana (Japanese)
  • Small sword (European)
  • Swiss dagger, holbein dagger, schweizerdegen (European)
  • Xiphos, xifos (Greek)
Axe-like swords[]

Generally, convex blades used for heavy chopping or slashing.

  • Aruval (South Indian)
  • Bolo, itak (Philippinese, Asian)
  • Falcata (Mediterranean)
  • Golok (Southeast Asian)
  • Harpe, harpi (Greek)
  • Kopis (Greek)
  • (Southeast Asian)
  • Kudi (Southeast Asian)
  • Kukri, khukri (Nepalian)
  • Machete (Spain, Latin America)
  • Vettukathi (South Indian)
  • Mahera (Greek)
  • One handed Dacian falx, sica (Mediterranean, Greek)
  • Parang Pandit (Southeast Asian)
  • Sosun pattah (South Asian)[1]
  • Yatagan, yataghan (Middle Eastern)
Other swords[]
  • Hook sword (Chinese)
  • Kris, keris sundang, keris bahari (Indonesian)
  • Nair, nandaka, nayar (Indian)
Fighting knives and daggers[]
Main articles: Fighting knife and Knife
Further information: List of daggers
Sickles and sickle like knives[]

Generally short, concave blades used for heavy cutting.

  • Arit (Maduresian, Indonesian)
  • Karambit, kerambit, korambit (Minangkabauian, Indonesian)
  • Kujang (Sundanese, Indonesian)
  • Kukri (Indian)
  • Mandau (Malaysian, Indonesian, Bornean, Bruneian)
  • Pichangatti (Indian)[1]
  • Punyal (Philippinese, Southeast Asian)
  • Sickle (Improvised, worldwide)
  • Sudanese sickle knife (African)[1]

Picks and pickaxes[]

  • Chicken sickles (Chinese)
  • Crowbill (European, Central Asian)
  • Elephant goad, ankus, ankusha, bullhook, elephant hook (South and Southeast Asian)
  • Hakapik (European)
  • Horseman's pick, martel de fer, also a blunt weapon (European)
  • Kama (Japanese)
  • Mattock (Improvised, European)
  • Pickaxe (Improvised, European)
  • War hammer also a blunt weapon (European)

Axes[]

Main article: Axe
  • Adze (Improvised, European)
  • Bardiche (European)
  • Battle axe (European)
  • Bhuj with blade shaped like the dagger on a long shaft[1]
  • Broadaxe (European)
  • Congolese axe (African)[1]
  • Dahomey axe club, also an effective blunt weapon (African)

[1]

  • Danish axe, hafted axe, English long axe, Viking axe, Danish longer axe (European)
  • Doloire (European)
  • (Chinese)
  • Hand axe, ovate handaxe (Paleolithic)
  • Hatchet (European)
  • Igorot headhunting axe (Philippinese, Southeast Asian)[6]
  • Labrys, pelekys (Greek)
  • Long-bearded axe (European)
  • Masakari (Japanese)
  • Nzappa zap also thrown (African)
  • Ono (Japanese)
  • Palstave (Bronze Age, improvised, European)
  • Sagaris (Middle Eastern)
  • Shepherd's axe, valaška (European)
  • Sparth Axe (European)
  • Tabarzin (Middle Eastern)
  • Tomahawk, Spontoon Tomahawk, also thrown (American)
  • Tlaximaltepoztli (American)
  • Vechevoral (Middle Asian)[1]

Clubs and blunt weapons[]

Main article: Club (weapon)

Wielded with one or two hands at close quarters with swinging motions.

  • Aklys (Osci tribe of Southern Italy)
  • Bō (Japanese)
  • Bokken (Japanese)
  • Clubbing boomerang (Worldwide)
  • Returning boomerang (Australian)
  • Cambuk (Southeast Asian)
  • Canne de combat (European)
  • Chúi (Chinese)
  • Club, baseball bat, stone club, truncheon, cudgel, bludgeon
  • Crop (Worldwide)
  • Eskrima Sticks, straight sticks (Southeast Asian)
  • Flail (European)
  • Gada (Indian)
  • Gunstock war club also thrown (American)
  • , Ottoman gurz (Middle Eastern)[1]
  • Hammer (Improvised)
  • Hanbō (Japanese)
  • Horseman's pick, horseman's hammer, martel de fer, also a pickaxe weapon (European)
  • Jawbone war club (American)
  • Jō (Japanese)
  • Jutte, jitte (Japanese)
  • Kanabō (Japanese)
  • Knobkierrie, knopkierie, knobkerry (African)
  • Kotiate (New Zealandian)
  • Kurunthadi, churuvadi, kuruvadi, muchan, otta (Indian)
  • Macana (American)
  • Mace, spiked mace, flanged mace (European, Middle Asian)
  • Macuahuitl, maquahuitl (American)
  • Mallet (American)
  • Mere used to strike, jab (New Zealandian)
  • Morning star, goedendag, holy water sprinkler (European)
  • (Central Asian)[1]
  • Ōtsuchi (Japanese)
  • Patu, patuki (New Zealandian)
  • Plançon a picot, planson (European)
  • Quauholōlli (American)
  • Roundhead (European)
  • Rungu also thrown (African)
  • Sai (Okinawan)
  • Shestopyor, Pernach (Russian)
  • Shillelagh (Irish)
  • Short scepter, mace scepter (European)
  • Sledgehammer, maul (Improvised, European)
  • Stone war club (American)
  • Suburito (Japanese)
  • Sword mace 鐧 (Chinese)
  • Tambo, tanbo (Okinawan)
  • Tekkan (Japanese)
  • Tekpi (Malaysia)
  • Tewhatewha (New Zealandian)
  • Tonfa (Okinawan)
  • Waddy, Nulla Nulla (Australian)
  • War hammer also a pickaxe weapon (European)
  • Wooden war club, sharp headed version and curve headed version (American)
  • Wrench (Improvised)
  • Yawara, pasak, yawara bo, dulodulo (Japanese, Southeast Asian)
  • Yubi-bo (Japanese)

Pole weapons and spears[]

Main articles: Pole weapon and Spear

Wielded mainly with two hands. Primarily for melee with sweeping, thrusting, and or hooking motions.

Blunt staves[]
Main article: stick fighting
  • Bâton français (European)
  • Bō (Japanese)
  • Eku (Okinawan)
  • Gun (Chinese)
  • Jō (Japanese)
  • Lathi (Indian)
  • Naboot, shoum, nabboot, asa, asaya (Middle Eastern)
  • Quarterstaff (European)
  • Shareeravadi (Middle Asian)
  • Taiaha (New Zealandian)
Spears[]
Main article: Spear
Further information: List of types of spears § Spears which are usually used in melee combat

Thrown spears and javelins are listed under ranged weapons.

  • Ahlspiess, awl pike (European)
  • Aklys (Osci tribe of Southern Italy)
  • Atgeir (European)
  • Boar spear (European)
  • Brandistock, feather staff, buttafuore (European)
  • Dangpa chang also thrown (Korean)
  • Dory (Greek)
  • Hasta (Roman)
  • Hoko yari (Japanese)
  • Iklwa (Zulu tribe of South Africa)
  • Jukjangchangbo, daijichang, toupjang, nangsun, dongyemochang, chichang, sabarichang, yangjimochang (Korean)
  • Lance (European)
  • Menavlion, menavlon (Greek)
  • Migration Period spear, geirr, gaizaz, gar, ger, framea (European)
  • Military fork (European)
  • Pike (English)
  • Pitchfork (Improvised)
  • Qiang (Chinese)
  • Ranseur, rawcon, runka (European)
  • Saintie (Middle Asian)[1]
  • (Indian)[7]
  • Sarissa (Greek)
  • Sibat, bangkaw, palupad, sumbling (Southeast Asian)
  • Sovnya (Russian)
  • Spetum (European)
  • Swordstaff (European)
  • Trident
  • Trishula (Indian, Southeast Asian)
  • Yari (Japanese)
Polearms with axe-like blades[]
  • Arbir (Southeast Asian)
  • Bardiche (European)
  • Bec de corbin, bec de faucon (European)
  • Bill, English bill, bill hook, bill guisarme (European)
  • Bisento (Japanese)
  • (European)
  • Dagger-axe, ko (Chinese)
  • Danish axe, hafted axe, English long axe, Viking axe, Danish longer axe (European)
  • Epsilon axe (European, Middle Eastern)
  • Fauchard (European)
  • Glaive (European)
  • Guan (kwan) dao (Chinese)
  • Guisarme (European)
  • Halberd (European)
  • Jedwart stave (European)
  • Ji (Chinese)
  • Lochaber axe (European)
  • Long handled nagamaki (Japanese)
  • Man catcher (European)
  • Monk's spade (Chinese)
  • Naginata (Japanese)
  • Ngao (Southeast Asian)
  • Nulbjakchang, galgorichang (Korean)
  • Ox tongue spear (European)
  • Partisan, partizan (European)
  • Pollaxe, poleaxe (European)
  • Pudao (Chinese)
  • Romphea, romfea (Greek)
  • Sasumata (Japanese)
  • Scythe (Improvised)
  • Sodegarami (Japanese)
  • Tepoztopilli (American)
  • Tongi, four pointed tongi, two pointed (South Asian)[1]
  • Tsukubō (Japanese)
  • Two handed Dacian falx (Mediterranean, Greek)
  • Voulge (European)
  • War scythe
Polearms with spikes and hammers[]

Ranged weapons[]

Main article: Ranged weapon

Thrown[]

Throwing blades and darts[]
  • Chakram (Indian, Southeast Asian)
  • Kunai (Improvised, Japanese)
  • Mambele (African)
  • Plumbata (European)
  • Shuriken (Japanese)
  • Swiss arrow (European)
  • Throwing dart (Worldwide)
  • Throwing knife (Worldwide)
Throwing spears and javelins[]
Further information: List of types of spears § Spears which are usually thrown

All could be used as spears, but were designed and primarily used for throwing.

  • Angon (European)
  • Assegai, assagai (African)
  • Atlatl and darts (American, Paleolithic tribes)
  • Falarica, phalarica (Mediterranean)
  • Harpoon (Worldwide)
  • Jangchang (Korean)
  • Javelin (Mediterranean)
  • Lancea (Mediterranean)
  • Mesangylon (Greek)
  • Metal bar, metal pipe (Improvised, Worldwide)
  • Northern spear (Philippinese, Southeast Asian)[8]
  • Pilum (Roman)
  • Soliferrum, saunion, soliferreum (Mediterranean)
  • Spiculum (Roman)
  • Vel (Indian)
  • Verutum (Roman)
  • Woomera, amirre (Australian)
Throwing axes[]

Could also be used as axe weapons, but were specifically designed for throwing.

  • Francisca, francesca (European)
  • Hunga munga, danisco, goleyo, njiga (African)
  • Hurlbat, whirlbat (European)
  • Nzappa zap (African)
  • Tomahawk also an axe weapon (American)
Throwing balls[]
  • Bolas, ayllo, liwi, qilumitautit (Central American, South American, Arctic)
  • Slungshot not to be confused with a slingshot (Improvised, Worldwide)
  • Stone, rock, lithos (Improvised, Worldwide)
Throwing sticks[]
  • Boomerang (Australian, Worldwide)
  • Knobkierrie, knopkierie, knobkerry, also a blunt weapon (African)
  • Rungu (East African)
  • Stick, branch (Improvised, Worldwide)

Gunpowder weapons[]

An illustration of an "eruptor", a proto cannon from the 14th century Ming Dynasty book Huolongjing. The cannon was capable of firing proto shells, cast iron bombs filled with gunpowder.
  • Abus howitzer (Turkish)
  • Arquebus, caliver, hackbut, harkbus, harquebus (European)
  • Bajozutsu pistol (Japanese)
  • Basilisk cannon (European)
  • Baton a feu hand cannon (French)
  • Bedil tumbak hand cannon (Indonesian)
  • Blunderbuss, donderbus (European)
  • Bo-hiya rocket arrow (Japanese)
  • Bombard (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Byzantine bombard (Greek)
  • Byzantine fire tube (cannon)[9] (Greek)
  • Byzantine rocket launcher[10] (Greek)
  • Cannon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Cetbang cannon (Indonesian, Southeast Asian)
  • Che Dian Chong musket (Chinese)
  • Chongtong cannon (Chinese)
  • Culverin cannon (French)
  • Dardanelles bombard (Turkish)
  • Dulle Griet bombard (Belgian)
  • Ekor lotong cannon (Malaysian)
  • Falconet, falcon cannon (European)
  • Fauconneau cannon (European)
  • Faule Grete bombard (Polish)
  • Faule Mette bombard (German)
  • Fire arrow, rocket arrow (Chinese)
  • Fire lance, Huo Qiang lance hand cannon (Chinese)
  • Grose Bochse bombard (German)
  • Hand cannon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Hand mortar (European)
  • Heilongjiang hand cannon (Chinese)
  • Hu Dun Pao cannon (Chinese)
  • Huo Che rocket arrow launcher (Chinese)
  • Huo Chong hand cannon (Chinese)
  • Hwacha rocket arrow launcher (Korean)
  • Istinggar arquebus (Indonesian)
  • Java arquebus (Indonesian)
  • Jiaozhi arquebus (Vietnamese)
  • Korean cannon
  • Lantaka, rentaka cannon (Philippinese, Indonesian, Malaysian, Southeast Asian)
  • Lela cannon (Malaysian)
  • Meriam kecil hand cannon (Indonesian, Malaysian)
  • Mons Meg bombard (Belgian)
  • Mortar (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Musket (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Musketoon (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Orban bombard (Turkish)
  • Organ gun, ribauldequin, ribauiidkin, ribault, rabauld (European)
  • Petronel hand cannon (European)
  • Pierrier a boite cannon (French)
  • Pistol (European)
  • Pot de fer cannon (French)
  • Prangi, pranki, pranku, paranki, pranga, parangi, prangu, parangu, piranki, pirangi, farangi, firingi, firingiha cannon (Turkish, Indian)
  • Pumhart von Steyr bombard (Austrian)
  • Saker cannon (European)
  • San Yan Chong three barrel hand cannon (Chinese)
  • Shou Chong hand cannon (Chinese)
  • Singijeon, shinkichon rocket arrow (Korean)
  • Tanegashima arquebus (Japanese)
  • Tarasnice cannon (European)
  • Toradar, torador arquebus (Indian)
  • Tu Huo Qiang hand cannon (Chinese)
  • Veuglaire cannon (French)
  • Wall gun, janjal, jingal, gingal (European, Middle Eastern, Chinese)
  • Wankou Chong cannon (Chinese)
  • Xanadu cannon (Chinese)
  • Xi Xia cannon (Chinese)
  • Xun Lei Chong spear five barrel revolver musket (Chinese)

Composite projectile weapons[]

Having a built-in gun or ranged weapon combined with some other type of weapon.

  • Ax match and wheellock (European axe with five barrels under a removable blade)[1]
  • Carbine axe (European axe)[1]
  • Halberd double barreled wheellock (European halberd)[1]
  • Mace wheellock (European mace)[1]
  • Matchlock axe dagger (European axe, dagger, matchlock combination)[1]
  • Pistol sword (European sword)
  • War hammer wheellock (European pick hammer)[1]

Firing mechanisms[]

Slings[]

  • Kestros, cestrus, cestrosfendoni, kestrosfedoni (Greek)
  • Sling (Worldwide)
  • Stave sling, fustibale (Mediterranean)

Bows[]

Longbows[]
  • Daikyu (Japanese)
  • Decurve bow
  • Deflex bow
  • English longbow, warbow
  • Flatbow
  • Self bow
  • Welsh longbow, warbow
Recurved bows[]
Short bows and reflex bows[]
  • Gungdo, hwal (Korean)
  • Hankyu (Japanese)
  • Mongol bow
  • Turkish bow
Crossbows[]
  • Arbalest, arblast (European)
  • Bullet bow, English bullet bow, pellet crossbow (European)[1]
  • Cheiroballistra, hirovallistra hand ballista (Roman, Greek)
  • Crossbow (European, Chinese)
  • Gastraphetes, gastrafetis (Greek)
  • Pistol crossbow
  • Repeating crossbow, chu ko nu, zhuge (Chinese)
  • Skane lockbow (European)
  • Stone bow (European)

Blowguns[]

  • Blowgun, blowpipe, blow tube (Worldwide)
  • Fukiya (Japanese)

Projectile weapons[]

  • Ballista (European, Asian)
  • Carroballista (Roman)
  • Catapult (European, Asian)
  • Catapulta (Roman)
  • Efthytonon catapult (Greek)
  • Hu Dun Pao trebuchet (Chinese)
  • Mangonel (Chinese)
  • Onager (Roman)
  • Oxybeles, oxyvelis ballista (Greek)
  • Palintonon catapult (Greek)
  • Polybolos, polyvolos repeating ballista (Greek)
  • Trebuchet (European, Asian)

Flamethrowers[]

  • Pen Huo Qi flamethrower (Chinese)
  • Greek flamethrower[9]

Flexible weapons[]

Whips[]

Used for whipping.

  • Bullwhip (Worldwide)
  • Buntot Pagi (Philippinese)
  • Cat o' nine tails (European)
  • Chain whip, jiujiebian, samjitbin, qijiebian (Chinese)
  • Knout (Eastern European)
  • Nagyka, nagaika, nogaika (Eastern European)
  • Sjambok, fimbo, imvubu, kiboko, kurbash, litupa, mnigolo, chicotte (African)
  • Small whips, crops (Worldwide)
  • Stockwhip (Australian)
  • Urumi, chuttuval (Indian)

Sectional and composite[]

Having multiple handles or holdable sections.

Chains and ropes[]

Having a heavy object attached to a flexible chain or rope. Wielded by swinging, throwing, or projecting the end, as well as wrapping, striking, and blocking with the chain or rope, sometimes attached to another type of weapon.

  • Chigiriki (Japanese)
  • , double ended flail, flail with quoits (Indian)[1]
  • Flail, fleau d'armes, kriegsflegel (European)
  • Flying claws (Chinese)
  • (Chinese)
  • Kusari-fundo, manrikigusari, manriki (Japanese)
  • Kusari-gama (Japanese)
  • Kyoketsu-shoge (Japanese)
  • Lasso, uurga, lariat (American, Chinese)
  • Meteor hammer, dragon's fist, dai chui, flying hammer, sheng bao, liu xing chui (Chinese)
  • Rope dart, jouhyou, rope javelin, sheng biao (Japanese, Chinese)
  • Monkey's fist (Improvised, European, Japanese, Chinese)
  • Surujin, suruchin (Okinawan)

Defensive weapons[]

Main article: Defensive weapon

Shields[]

Used not only to block strikes and missiles but also swung outwardly (or in quick upward motions) to strike an opponent. Also used to rush an opponent (known as shield bashing). Some shields had spikes, sharp edges, or other offensive designs.

  • Aspis, oplon (Greek)
  • Buckler (European)
  • Clipeus (Roman, Greek)
  • Dhal (Indian)
  • Gun shield (Roman, Egyptian, Greek)
  • Heater shield, heraldic shield (European)
  • Hide, wickerwork, leather and ceremonial shields (Worldwide, tribal)
  • Hungarian shield (European)
  • (African)
  • Kite shield (European)
  • Lantern shield (Italian)
  • Parma, parmula (Roman)
  • Peltarion (Greek)
  • Rattan shield (Korean, Chinese)
  • Scuta, rectangular, tower and oval scutum (Roman)
  • Targe (European)
  • Nguni shield (African)
  • Chīmalli (American)

See also[]

Swords
  • List of Japanese swords
    • List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts: swords)
    • List of Wazamono
  • List of fictional swords
  • List of legendary swords
  • List of historical swords
  • Classification of swords
  • List of types of swords

References[]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Regan, Paula, ed. (2006). Weapon: A Visual History of Arms and Armor. New York: DK Publishing. ISBN 0-7566-2210-7.
  2. ^ a b c Cope, Anne, ed. (1989). Swords and Hilt Weapons. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 8. ISBN 1-55584-290-9.
  3. ^ Gordon, Col. D.H. (1953). "Swords, Rapiers and Horse riders". Antiquity. Antiquity Publications Ltd. 27 (106): 67–76. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00024595.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Levine, Bernard; Weland, Gerald. Knives, swords, & daggers. New York: Barnes & Noble. p. 66.
  5. ^ Levine, Bernard; Weland, Gerald. Knives, swords, & daggers. New York: Barnes & Noble. p. 200.
  6. ^ "Igorot Head Hunting Axe #2". Traditional Filipino Weapons.
  7. ^ "Spear (Sang) Indian". The Met.
  8. ^ "Northern spear".
  9. ^ a b Γεώργιος Ηλιόπουλος (Georgios Iliopoulos), "Η χαμένη πυραυλική τεχνολογία των αρχαίων Ελλήνων" (The lost missile technology of the ancient Greeks), Ιχώρ (Ihor), 27, page 12-13, Greece, 2002.
  10. ^ Γεώργιος Ηλιόπουλος (Georgios Iliopoulos), "Η χαμένη πυραυλική τεχνολογία των αρχαίων Ελλήνων" (The lost missile technology of the ancient Greeks), Ιχώρ (Ihor), 27, page 13, Greece, 2002.
Retrieved from ""