List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive. Some volcanoes have undergone catastrophic eruptions, killing large numbers of humans or other life forms. This list documents volcanic eruptions by human death toll.

Volcanic eruptions[]

Human death toll Volcano Location Year Source(s)
71,000 to 250,100+ (caused the Year Without a Summer) Mount Tambora Indonesia 1815 [1][2]
36,000+ Krakatoa Indonesia 1883 [3]
30,000 Mount Pelée Martinique 1902 [4]
23,000 Nevado del Ruiz Colombia 1985 [5]
20,000~ (estimated) Santorini Greece c. 1600 BC [6][7]
15,000 to 20,000 Mount Samalas Indonesia 1257
15,000 Mount Unzen Japan 1792 [8]
13,000+ (estimated) Mount Vesuvius Italy 79 [9]
10,000+ Laki and Grímsvötn Iceland 1783 [10]
10,000 Kelud Indonesia 1586
6,000 Santa Maria Guatemala 1902 [11]
5,000 Kelud Indonesia 1919 [12]
4,011 Mount Galunggung Indonesia 1822 [13]
3,360 Mount Vesuvius Italy 1631
3,000 Ritter Island Papua New Guinea 1888 [14]
2,957 Mount Papandayan Indonesia 1772 [15]
2,942 Mount Lamington Papua New Guinea 1951 [15]
2,806 Mount Awu Indonesia 1856 [15]
2,033 Oshima Oshima Japan 1741 [16]
2,000 Tseax Cone Canada 1700 c. 1700 [17][18]
1,900 El Chichón Mexico 1982 [19]
1,680 Soufrière St. Vincent 1902
1,584 Mount Agung Indonesia 1963
1,532 Mount Awu Indonesia 1892 [15]
1,500 Huaynaputina Peru 1600 [20][21]
1,369 Mount Merapi Indonesia 1930 [15]
1,335 Mount Mayon Philippines 1897
1,300 Taal Volcano Philippines 1911
1,151 Mount Asama Japan 1783
1,000 Nevado del Ruiz Colombia 1845
1,000 Cotopaxi Ecuador 1877
847 Mount Pinatubo Philippines 1991
600 Nevado del Ruiz Colombia 1595
500 Hibok-Hibok Philippines 1951
477 Mount Bandai Japan 1888
426 Anak Krakatoa Indonesia 2018 [22]
400+ Kilauea Hawai'i 1790 [23]
353 Mount Merapi Indonesia 2010
326 Makian Indonesia 1861 [15]
245 Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of the Congo 2002
216 Mount Vesuvius Italy 1906 [24]
190 Volcán de Fuego Guatemala 2018 [25]
151 Mount Ruapehu New Zealand 1953
150 Mount Tarawera New Zealand 1886
150 Tori-shima Japan 1902 [26]
144 Mount Tokachi Japan 1926 [27][better source needed]
106 Dubbi Eritrea 1861 [15]
87 Volcán Arenal Costa Rica 1968
70 Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of the Congo 1977
70~ Kolumbo Greece 1650 [28]
63 Mount Ontake Japan 2014 [29]
57 Semeru Indonesia 2021 [30]
57 Mount St. Helens United States 1980 [31]
56 Mount Etna Italy 1843 [15]
43 Mount Unzen Japan 1991
39 Taal Philippines 2020
32 Mount Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of the Congo 2021 [32]
31 Bayonnaise Rocks Japan 1952 [15]
31 Nabro Volcano Eritrea 2011 [33]
27 Mount Vesuvius Italy 1944 [15]
22 Whakaari/White Island New Zealand 2019 [34]
19 Soufrière Hills Montserrat 1997 [35]
18 Galunggung Indonesia 1982
16 Sinabung Indonesia 2014 [36]
10 Whakaari/White Island New Zealand 1914
9 Galeras Colombia 1993 [37]
9 Mount Etna Italy 1979 [38]
5 Mount Hudson Chile 1971
4 Jebel at Tair Yemen 2007 [39]
4 Stromboli Italy 1930 [40]
4 Hunga Tonga Tonga 2022 [41]
3 Pacaya Guatemala 2010
3 Canlaon Volcano Philippines 1996
2 Mount Bromo Indonesia 2004
1 Cumbre Vieja Spain 2021 [42]
1 Stromboli Italy 2019 [43]
1 Raoul Island New Zealand 2006 [44]
1 Eldfell Iceland 1973 [45][46][47]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Oppenheimer, Clive (1 June 2003). "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment. 28 (2): 230–259. doi:10.1191/0309133303pp379ra. S2CID 131663534.
  2. ^ "Most Powerful Volcanic Eruption In The History Of Mankind".
  3. ^ "Krakatoa Volcano: Facts About Deadly Eruption". Live Science.
  4. ^ "Benchmarks: May 8, 1902: The deadly eruption of Mount Pelée | EARTH Magazine". www.earthmagazine.org.
  5. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY | 13 | 1985: Volcano kills thousands in Colombia". news.bbc.co.uk. 13 November 1985.
  6. ^ "Benchmarks: Volcanic Eruption at Thera (Santorini)| Greece: Secrets of the Past".
  7. ^ "Benchmarks: How The Eruption of Thera Changed the World | LiveScience". Live Science.
  8. ^ "Mount Unzen eruption of 1792 | Japanese history". Encyclopædia Britannica.
  9. ^ "Vesuvius erupts - Aug 24, 79 - HISTORY.com". history.com.
  10. ^ "Local and Global Impacts of the 1783–84 Laki Eruption in Iceland". Wired.
  11. ^ "What is the largest eruption ever? | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu.
  12. ^ "Indonesia's Mount Kelut Erupts : Natural Hazards". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 14 February 2014.
  13. ^ "Galunggung | Volcano World | Oregon State University". volcano.oregonstate.edu. 25 October 2010.
  14. ^ "NCEI Global Historical Hazard Database". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Simkin, T.; Siebert, L. (1994). "Fatalities and Evacuations". Volcanoes of the World (2nd ed.). Tucson, Arizona: Geoscience Press. pp. 163–176. ISBN 978-0-945005-12-4.
  16. ^ Sang-Shin Byun; Kyeong Ok Kim (25 February 2021). "A study on the effects of the 1741 tsunami recorded in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty". Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers. 33 (1): 30–37. doi:10.9765/KSCOE.2021.33.1.30. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  17. ^ Hickson, C.J., Spurgeon, T.C., Cocking, R.B., Russell, J.K., Woodsworth, G.J., Ulmi, M. and Rust, A.C. (2007), "Tseax Volcano: A Deadly Basaltic Eruption in North-Western British Columbia's Stikine Volcanic Belt", Geological Society of America 103rd Annual Meeting, retrieved 23 February 2019CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  18. ^ Higgins, M.D. (2009). "The Cascadia megathrust earthquake of 1700 may have rejuvenated an isolated basalt volcano in western Canada: Age and petrographic evidence". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 179 (1–2): 149–156. Bibcode:2009JVGR..179..149H. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.10.016.
  19. ^ "Looking Back at the 1982 eruption of el Chichón in Mexico". Wired.
  20. ^ Subramanian, Archana (18 February 2016). "Firing the sky". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  21. ^ Zijlstra, Albert (30 June 2017). "The winter of Huaynaputina". volcanocafe.org. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
  22. ^ "Number of injured in Indonesia tsunami surges to over 14,000". The Star Online. Asean Plus. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  23. ^ Israel, Brett. "Kilauea Volcano's Deadliest Eruption Revealed". Live Science. Retrieved 11 May 2018.
  24. ^ "L'eruzione del 1906". Vesuvius Observatory (in Italian).
  25. ^ "Thousands evacuated as Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupts". Reuters. 19 November 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  26. ^ "INHABITANTS OF ISLAND ALL KILLED BY VOLCANO:; The 150 Japanese Residents of Torishima Dead – Eruption Still Proceeding" (PDF).
  27. ^ ja:十勝岳#噴火史#大正噴火 Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  28. ^ Rizzo, Andrea Luca; Caracausi, Antonio; Chavagnac, Valèrie; Nomikou, Paraskevi; Polymenakou, Paraskevi N.; Mandalakis, Manolis; Kotoulas, Georgios; Magoulas, Antonios; Castillo, Alain; Lampridou, Danai (17 June 2016). "Kolumbo submarine volcano (Greece): An active window into the Aegean subduction system". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 28013. Bibcode:2016NatSR...628013R. doi:10.1038/srep28013. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4911562. PMID 27311383.
  29. ^ "Ontake victims mourned a month after eruption as tourism industry scrambles to recover". The Japan Times Online. 27 October 2014.
  30. ^ Latu Ratri Mubyarsah, ed. (17 December 2021). "Hari Terakhir Pencarian Korban Erupsi Semeru, 57 Orang Meninggal" (in Indonesian). Jawa Pos. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  31. ^ "Closer Look at Those Who Died Near Mt St Helens".
  32. ^ Kamale, Jean-Yves (24 May 2021). "Death toll from Congo volcano eruption rises to at least 32". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  33. ^ "Thousands need aid after volcano eruption". IRIN. 6 July 2011.
  34. ^ "Whakaari/White Island eruption: Death toll rises to 21". RNZ. 29 January 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  35. ^ "The victims of Montserrat's volcano tragedy deserve an investigation". The Guardian. 25 June 2012.
  36. ^ "Indonesian volcano Mount Sinabung eruption causes 16 deaths". The Independent. 2 February 2014.
  37. ^ "Eruption: A Survivor's Tale | Scholastic.com". Scholastic Teachers.
  38. ^ ingvvulcani (12 September 2019). "Una tragica estate. L'eruzione dell'Etna del 1979". INGVvulcani (in Italian). Retrieved 7 November 2021.
  39. ^ Siebert, L.; et al. (2010). Volcanoes of the World (3rd ed.). Smithsonian Institution and University of California Press. p. 347. ISBN 978-0-520-26877-7.
  40. ^ Di Roberto, A.; Bertagnini, A.; Pompilio, M.; Bisson, M. (15 May 2014). "Pyroclastic density currents at Stromboli volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): a case study of the 1930 eruption". Bulletin of Volcanology. 76 (6): 827. Bibcode:2014BVol...76..827D. doi:10.1007/s00445-014-0827-5. ISSN 1432-0819. S2CID 129565883.
  41. ^ "Massive eruption at Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai produces huge shockwave and 1.2 m high tsunami, Tonga". The Watchers - Daily news service | Watchers.NEWS. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  42. ^ Kemp, Laura (13 November 2021). "First victim of La Palma volcano found this morning". Euro Weekly News Spain. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  43. ^ "Stromboli: One dead as volcano erupts on Italian island". BBC News. 3 July 2019. Retrieved 27 September 2021.
  44. ^ "Fate dealt eruption victim unlucky hand". NZ Herald. 21 March 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2021.
  45. ^ "Deadly Gases". Oregon State University.
  46. ^ "Which Way The Wind Blows – The Reykjavik Grapevine". The Reykjavik Grapevine. 26 September 2014.
  47. ^ Williams Jr., R.S.; Moore, J.G. (1983). Man Against Volcano: The Eruption on Heimaey, Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland (PDF) (2nd ed.). USGS. p. 11.
Retrieved from ""