List of wars involving Canada

List[]

Colonial conflicts (11th century – 1867)[]

The following were conflicts that occurred in present-day Canada from the 11th century A.D. to mid-19th century, prior to Canadian confederation. Belligerents in these conflicts typically involved colonies that existed in Canada (i.e. New France, the Canadas, etc.), and/or First Nations groups residing in these region.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result
Battle of Vinland (1003 A.D.)	Vikings	Skræling	Viking victory and withdrawal Thorvald Eiriksson was part of an expedition for the exploration of Vinland and became the first European to die in North America.
Beaver Wars (1609–1701)	Iroqouis	Algonquian allies	Military stalemate Great Peace of Montreal Growth of French influence in the Great Lakes region Huron-Wendat Confederacy destroyed or assimilated Military refugee migration results in expansion of Iroquois hunting grounds Further Iroquois territorial expansion halted in military campaigns by the Council of Three Fires
Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667)	Dutch Republic	Kingdom of England Newfoundland Colony	Status quo ante bellum Dutch capture of St. John's in 1665 led by Michiel de Ruyter St. John's retaken by English
Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674)	Dutch Republic	Kingdom of England Colony of Avalon	Status quo ante bellum Dutch capture of Ferryland on 4 September 1673 by ships Green Wife, Arms of Leyden. Schacator, Unity Ferryland retaken by English in 1674
King William's War (1688–1697)	Kingdom of France New France Wabanaki Confederacy	England English America Iroquois	Status quo ante bellum
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713)	Kingdom of France New France Spain Wabanaki Confederacy Caughnawaga Mohawk Choctaw Timucua Apalachee Natchez	England (before 1707) English America British Empire (after 1707) British America Muscogee Chickasaw Yamasee Iroquois Confederacy	British-Allied victory France cedes to Britain the control of Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Saint Kitts
Dummer's War (1722–1725)	New England Colonies Mohawk	Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Pequawket Mi'kmaq Maliseet
King George's War (1744–1748)	Kingdom of France New France Wabanaki Confederacy	British Empire British America Iroquois Confederacy	Status quo ante bellum
Father Le Loutre's War (1749–1755)	Wabanaki Confederacy Mi'kmaw militia Maliseet militia Kingdom of France New France Acadian militia	British Empire Nova Scotia	British victory Beginning of the expulsion of the Acadians in 1755
Seven Year's War (1756–1763)	Kingdom of France New France Wabanaki Confederacy Abenaki Mi'kmaw militia Acadian militia Algonquin Lenape Ojibwa Odawa Shawnee	British Empire British America Iroquois Confederacy Catawba Cherokee (before 1758)	British-Allied victory British military conquest of New France France cedes New France east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to Spain
Pontiac's War (1763–1766)	British Empire Province of Quebec	Ottawas Ojibwas Potawatomis Hurons Miamis Weas Kickapoos Mascoutens Piankashaws Delawares Shawnees Wyandots Mingos Iroquois	Military stalemate First Nations concede British sovereignty but compel British policy changes
American Revolutionary War (1775–1783)	British Empire Province of Quebec Nova Scotia Onondaga Mohawk Cayuga Seneca Mi'kmaq Cherokee Odawa Muscogee Susquehannock Shawnee	United States France Spain Oneida Tuscarora Catawba Lenape Chickasaw Choctaw Mahican Mi'kmaq Abenaki Cheraw Seminole Pee Dee Lumbee	American-Allied victory Incursions into Quebec and Nova Scotia repulsed Great Britain cedes to the United States the area east of the Mississippi River and south of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River Great Britain cedes East Florida, West Florida, and Menorca to Spain
War of 1812 (1812–1815)	British Empire Lower Canada Upper Canada Tecumseh's Confederacy Shawnee Ojibwe Fox Iroquois Miami Mingo Odawa Kickapoo Lenape Mascouten Potawatomi Sauk Wyandot Spain (1814)	United States Choctaw Cherokee Muscogee Seneca	Status quo ante bellum Military stalemate
Pemmican War (1812–1821)	North West Company Metis	Hudson's Bay Company Selkirk's settlers	Merger between the North West Company and Hudson Bay Company
Rebellions of 1837–1838 (1837–1838)	Lower Canada Château Clique Upper Canada Family Compact	Patriotes Republic of Lower Canada Hunters' Lodges Republic of Canada	Government victory Patriote rebellion crushed by loyalist forces; Republic of Canada dismantled Defeat of Hunters' Lodges Unification of Upper and Lower Canada into the Province of Canada

Canada (1867–present)[]

The following table lists conflicts involving Canada since 1867.

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Killed	Wounded
Fenian raids (1866–1871)	Canada^{[note 1]}	Fenian Brotherhood	Victory Fenians cease raids	22	32
Wolseley Expedition (1870)	Canada	Métis	Victory Red River Rebellion defeated The legislature passes the Manitoba Act in 1870 Red River Colony enters Canada as the province of Manitoba	None	None
Mahdist War (1881–1899)	United Kingdom Canada Egypt	Sudan	Victory Sudan becomes the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a condominium of the British Empire	16^[1]
North-West Rebellion (1885)	Canada	Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (Métis) Cree–Assiniboine	Victory Completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway Trial of Louis Riel	26^[2]	103
Second Boer War (1899–1902)	United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand India Ceylon Cape Colony Natal Colony Rhodesia	Orange Free State South African Republic	Victory British sovereignty over the Orange Free State and the Transvaal in accordance with the Treaty of Vereeniging	267^[3]	>250^[4]
First World War (1914–1918)	France United Kingdom Russia United States China Italy Japan Canada Newfoundland Australia New Zealand India South Africa Serbia Montenegro Romania Belgium Greece Portugal Brazil	Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria	Victory End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations	66,944^[5]	~172,000^[6]
Russian Civil War (1918–1920)	White Movement France United Kingdom United States China Italy Japan Canada Australia India South Africa Serbia Romania Greece Czechoslovakia Poland Estonia	Russian SFSR Far Eastern Republic Latvian SSR Ukrainian SSR Commune of Estonia Mongolian Communists	Defeat Allied withdrawal from Russia Bolshevik victory over White Army The Soviet Union becomes the new Russian power	14	24
Second World War (1939–1945)	Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovakia Brazil Mexico Ethiopia	Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Croatia Slovakia Finland Thailand Manchukuo Mengjiang Kingdom of Albania	Victory Collapse of the Third Reich Fall of Japanese and Italian Empires Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War Beginning of the Atomic Age	~45,300^[7]	~55,000
Korean War (1950–1953)	South Korea United Nations United States United Kingdom Australia Belgium Canada France Philippines Colombia Ethiopia Greece Luxembourg Netherlands New Zealand South Africa Thailand Turkey	North Korea China Soviet Union	Ceasefire Ceasefire armistice North Korean invasion of South Korea repelled UN invasion of North Korea repelled Chinese invasion of South Korea repelled Korean Demilitarized Zone established Little territorial change at the 38th parallel border	516^[8]	1,042
Congo Crisis (1960–1963)	Congo-Léopoldville UNOC	Katanga South Kasai	Victory	Unknown	Unknown
Whisky War (1984–present)	Canada	Denmark	Ongoing Hans Island continues to be claimed by both Canada and Denmark Both countries are planting their flag on the island and leaving a bottle of Danish or Canadian Whisky	None	None
Persian Gulf War (1990–1991)	Kuwait United States United Kingdom Saudi Arabia France Canada Egypt Syria Qatar United Arab Emirates Oman Bangladesh	Iraq	Victory Removal of Iraqi invasion force from Kuwait Imposition of sanctions against Iraq	None	None
Somali Civil War (1992–1995)	United States United Kingdom Spain Saudi Arabia Malaysia Pakistan Italy India Greece Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia New Zealand	Somali National Alliance	Victory UN humanitarian mandate fulfilled, saving around 100,000 lives Somalia Affair Dissolution of Canadian Airborne Regiment The Somali Civil War is ongoing	1	None
Bosnian War (1992–1995)	Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	Republika Srpska	Victory Dayton Accords Internal partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina according to the Dayton Accords Deployment of NATO-led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement Massive civilian casualties for the Bosniak ethnic group	20	unknown
Operation Medak Pocket (September 9–17, 1993)	Canada France Republic of Serbian Krajina	Croatia	Canadian strategic victory Croatian forces recover Divoselo and Čitluk (in total 48 km²) Croatian withdrawal UN secures Medak Pocket Canada holds out against an army three times its size without suffering casualties.	None	4
Kosovo War (1998–1999)	UÇK (KLA) AFRK (FARK) Albania Croatia NATO Belgium Canada Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav security forces pull out of Kosovo KLA veterans join the UÇPMB, starting the Preševo insurgency	None	None
International Force for East Timor (1999–2000)	Australia New Zealand Bangladesh Brazil Canada Denmark France Germany Ireland Italy Jordan Kenya Malaysia Norway Philippines Portugal Singapore South Korea Thailand United States	Pro-Indonesian militia	Victory Defeat of pro-Indonesian militia Stability in East Timor Arrival of UN peacekeepers	None	None
War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)^{[note 2]}	Afghanistan United States United Kingdom Germany Italy France Canada Australia New Zealand Georgia Poland Romania Turkey ISAF Albania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark El Salvador Estonia Finland Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Jordan Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malaysia Mongolia Montenegro Netherlands Norway Portugal Republic of Macedonia Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Korea Spain Sweden Switzerland Tonga Ukraine United Arab Emirates Northern Alliance	Taliban al-Qaeda Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan HI-Gulbuddin Hezb-e Islami Khalis Haqqani network Lashkar-e-Taiba Jaish-e-Mohammed East Turkestan Islamic Movement Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan Islamic Emirate of Waziristan Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi Islamic Jihad Union Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	Defeat Fall of the Taliban government in Afghanistan Destruction of al-Qaeda camps Over two thirds of al-Qaeda's leadership demolished Occupation of Afghanistan Establishment of a new Afghan government Killing of Osama bin Laden Resurgence of Taliban Withdrawal of allied forces	158^[9]	635
First Libyan Civil War (2011)	NTC Qatar NATO Belgium Bulgaria Canada Denmark France Greece Italy Netherlands Norway Romania Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Sweden Jordan United Arab Emirates	Libya	Victory Overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi in Libya Death of Muammar Gaddafi Dissolution of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya	None	None
Military intervention against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (2014–present)	United States United Kingdom Australia Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands New Zealand Norway Portugal Spain Sweden Turkey	Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant	Ongoing Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria Multinational humanitarian effort Arming and support for local ground forces 2 American journalists, 2 British humanitarian workers, and 1 French tourist executed^[10]^[11]^[12] As of February 2016, Canada has discontinued bombing ISIS positions^[13] but still has special operations units in Iraq^[14]	2	At Least 3

Notes[]

^ Raids conducted in 1866 occurred in the Province of Canada, and the colony of New Brunswick, prior to Canadian confederation
^ Canadian Forces ended combat operations in Afghanistan in July 2011, and withdrew its remaining forces from the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan in March 2014. Operation Enduring Freedom ended in December 2014 marking the end of the first phase of the War in Afghanistan. The operation was succeeded by Operation Freedom's Sentinel, which ended in August 2021 in Taliban victory.

References[]

^ "Nile Expedition". The Canadian Encyclopedia.
^ "Peel 1519, p. 0". peel.library.ualberta.ca.
^ "WarMuseum.ca - Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902". www.warmuseum.ca.
^ Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the South African War Historical Sheet - South African War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
^ Mougel, Nadège. "World War I casualties" (PDF). Centre européen Robert Schuman.
^ Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "The First World War - History - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
^ "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans.
^ Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the Korean War Historical Sheet - The Korean War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.
^ "Fallen Canadians Afghanistan".
^ Lake, Eli (22 August 2014). "Obama vs ISIS: This time it's personal". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
^ "US weighs direct military action against ISIS in Syria". The New York Times. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
^ "French hostage beheading: France to boost Syria rebels". BBC News. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
^ http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-canada-isis-fight-announcement-1.3438279. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
^ "Canadians making a difference against ISIS in Iraq | Toronto Sun". November 11, 2016.

[1] Raids conducted in 1866 occurred in the Province of Canada, and the colony of New Brunswick, prior to Canadian confederation

[10] Canadian Forces ended combat operations in Afghanistan in July 2011, and withdrew its remaining forces from the NATO Training Mission-Afghanistan in March 2014. Operation Enduring Freedom ended in December 2014 marking the end of the first phase of the War in Afghanistan. The operation was succeeded by Operation Freedom's Sentinel, which ended in August 2021 in Taliban victory.

[2] "Nile Expedition". The Canadian Encyclopedia.

[3] "Peel 1519, p. 0". peel.library.ualberta.ca.

[4] "WarMuseum.ca - Canada and the South African War (Boer War) - 1899-1902". www.warmuseum.ca.

[5] Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the South African War Historical Sheet - South African War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.

[6] Mougel, Nadège. "World War I casualties" (PDF). Centre européen Robert Schuman.

[7] Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "The First World War - History - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.

[8] "Research Starters: Worldwide Deaths in World War II". The National WWII Museum | New Orleans.

[9] Canada, Veterans Affairs (February 20, 2019). "Canada Remembers the Korean War Historical Sheet - The Korean War - History - Remembrance - Veterans Affairs Canada". www.veterans.gc.ca.

[11] "Fallen Canadians Afghanistan".

[12] Lake, Eli (22 August 2014). "Obama vs ISIS: This time it's personal". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

[13] "US weighs direct military action against ISIS in Syria". The New York Times. 22 August 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

[14] "French hostage beheading: France to boost Syria rebels". BBC News. 25 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.

[15] ttp://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/justin-trudeau-canada-isis-fight-announcement-1.3438279. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[16] "Canadians making a difference against ISIS in Iraq | Toronto Sun". November 11, 2016.

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