Kingdom of Montenegro

Kingdom of Montenegro^[1]
Краљевина Црна Горa
*Kraljevina Crna Gora*
Kingdom of Montenegro Краљевина Црна Горa; Kraljevina Crna Gora
1910–1918
	Flag Royal Coat of arms
	Anthem: Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori; Убавој нам Црној Гори; "To Our Beautiful Montenegro" Menu 0:00
	The Kingdom of Montenegro in 1914
Capital	Cetinje (1910–1916)
Capital-in-exile	Bordeaux; Neuilly-sur-Seine
Common languages	Serbian
Religion	Eastern Orthodox (official)
Government	Unitary constitutional monarchy
King
• 1910–1918	Nicholas I
Prime Minister
• 1910–1912 (first)	Lazar Tomanović
• 1917–1918 (last)	Evgenije Popović
Legislature	Parliament
Historical era	World War I
• Proclamation	28 August 1910
• Balkan Wars	1912–1913
• Treaty of London	30 May 1913
• Balkans Campaign	1914–1918
• Corfu Declaration	20 July 1917
• Podgorica Assembly	28 November 1918
Area
1910	9,475 km2 (3,658 sq mi)
1912	14,442 km2 (5,576 sq mi)
Population
• 1911	220,000
• 1914	423,000
Currency	Montenegrin Perper
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Principality of Montenegro
Kingdom of Serbia
Today part of	Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo
	^ Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognized as an independent state by 97 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 113 UN member states are said to have recognized Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition.;

The Kingdom of Montenegro (Serbian: Краљевина Црна Горa, romanized: Kraljevina Crna Gora) was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present-day Montenegro, during the tumultuous period of time on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Officially it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918, following the end of World War I, with the Montenegrin government still in exile, the Podgorica Assembly proclaimed unification with the Kingdom of Serbia, which itself was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes three days later, on 1 December 1918. This unification with Serbia would last, through various successor states, for almost 88 years, until finally coming to an end in 2006.

History[]

1899 map of the Balkans; Montenegro is coloured magenta.

Prince Nicholas of Montenegro proclaimed the Kingdom of Montenegro in Cetinje on 28 August 1910, elevating the country from the rank of Principality. King Nicholas I had ruled the country as Prince since 1860, and had initiated several modernising reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, such as introducing a constitution and a new currency, the Montenegrin perper.

Montenegro joined the First Balkan War in 1912, hoping to win a share in the last Ottoman-controlled areas of Rumelia. Montenegro did make further territorial gains by splitting Sandžak with Serbia on 30 May 1913. But the Montenegrins had to abandon the newly captured city of İşkodra (Skadar in Serbian, modern-day Shkodër) to the new state of Albania in May 1913, at the insistence of the Great Powers. Esad Pasha made a deal to surrender the town to the Montenegrins in exchange for Montenegro supporting his claims in Central Albania. However, as Shkodër and the surroundings had a large ethnic Albanian majority, the area went to the state of Albania instead. When the Second Balkan War broke out in June 1913, Serbia fought against Bulgaria, and King Nicholas sided with Serbia.

During World War I (1914–1918) Montenegro allied itself with the Triple Entente, in line with King Nicholas' pro-Serbian policy. Accordingly, Austria-Hungary occupied Montenegro from 15 January 1916 to October 1918.

On 20 July 1917, the signing of the Corfu Declaration foreshadowed the unification of Montenegro with Serbia. On 26 November 1918, Podgorica Assembly, an elected body claiming to represent Montenegrin people, unanimously adopted a resolution deposing king Nicholas I (who was still in exile) and unifying Montenegro with Serbia. Upon this event Nicholas I, who had previously supported unification with Serbia into a greater state with his dynasty playing the pivotal role, switched to promoting Montenegrin nationalism and opposing the union with Serbia, a position he maintained until his death in France in 1921.

On 1 December 1918, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was created, where both Serbia and Montenegro were parted.

During World War II, the occupying forces in Yugoslavia considered turning the Italian governorate of Montenegro into a puppet kingdom, but nothing came of these plans.

Rulers[]

King of Montenegro (1910–1918)[]

Nicholas I of Montenegro (1910–1918)

Prime Ministers (1910–1916)[]

Lazar Tomanović (1910–1912)
Mitar Martinović (1912–1913)
Janko Vukotić (1913–1915)
Milo Matanović (1915–1916)
Lazar Mijušković (1916)

Prime Ministers in-exile (1916–1922)[]

Lazar Mijušković (1916)
Andrija Radović (1916–1917)
Milo Matanović (1917)
Evgenije Popović (1917–1919)
Jovan Plamenac (1919–1921)
Anto Gvozdenović (1921–1922)
Milutin Vučinić (1922)
Anto Gvozdenović (1922)

Gallery[]

Civil flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro
The Kingdom of Montenegro in 1913
Proclamation of the Kingdom of Montenegro, 28 August 1910

References[]

^ 1916–1922: Government-in-exile
^ Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro, 1905, Article 40, "Paragraph 1: State religion in Montenegro is Eastern-Orthodox. Paragraph 2: Montenegrin Church is Autocephalous. It is independent from any other Church, but maintains dogmatic unity with Eastern-Orthodox Ecumenical Church. Paragraph 3: All other recognized religions are free in Montenegro.[1]

External links[]

Media related to Kingdom of Montenegro at Wikimedia Commons
Kingdom of Montenegro in 1918
Montenegro - World Statesmen

Coordinates: 42°38′00″N 19°32′00″E / 42.6333°N 19.5333°E / 42.6333; 19.5333

[1] 1916–1922: Government-in-exile

[2] Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro, 1905, Article 40, "Paragraph 1: State religion in Montenegro is Eastern-Orthodox. Paragraph 2: Montenegrin Church is Autocephalous. It is independent from any other Church, but maintains dogmatic unity with Eastern-Orthodox Ecumenical Church. Paragraph 3: All other recognized religions are free in Montenegro.[1]

[1]

[2]

[a]

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^a Prekmurje annexed by Hungary. ^b See also SAO Kninska Krajina (1990) → SAO Krajina (1990–1991); and SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1990–1991), SAO Western Slavonia (1990–1991) and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1990–1995), all replaced by the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (1996–1998). ^c See also Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia; and the Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) of Bosanska Krajina, North-East Bosnia, Romanija and Herzegovina (1991–1992), which all combined to form the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995). ^d Bačka was reannexed by Hungary (1941–1944), while Syrmia was annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944). ^e See also Republic of Užice. ^f Annexed by Fascist Italy (1941–1943) and Nazi Germany (1943–1944). Smaller part annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944).							^g Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008. Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the 2013 Brussels Agreement. Kosovo is currently recognized as an independent state by 97 out of the 193 United Nations member states. In total, 113 UN member states are said to have recognized Kosovo at some point, of which 15 later withdrew their recognition. ^h North Macedonia was known as the Republic of Macedonia until 2019. It is known in the United Nations as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia because of a naming dispute with Greece. ^j Free Territory was established in 1947. Its administration was divided into two areas (Zone A) and (Zone B). Free Territory was de facto taken over by Italy and SFRY in 1954.