List of woods

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of woods, most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.

Softwoods (coniferous)[]

  • Araucaria
    • Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
    • Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana)
    • Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia)
  • Cedar (Cedrus)
  • Celery-top pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)
  • Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
    • Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
    • Bald cypress, southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
    • Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)
    • Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
    • Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
    • Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
  • Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
    • Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
    • Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
  • European yew (Taxus baccata)
  • Fir (Abies)
    • Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
    • Silver fir (Abies alba)
    • Noble fir (Abies procera)
    • Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
  • Hemlock (Tsuga)
    • Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
    • Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
    • Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
  • Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
  • Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
  • Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)
  • Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)
  • Larch (Larix)
    • European larch (Larix decidua)
    • Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
    • Tamarack (Larix laricina)
    • Western larch (Larix occidentalis)
  • Pine (Pinus)
    • European black pine (Pinus nigra)
    • Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
    • Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
    • Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
    • Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
    • Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
    • Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris)
    • White pine
      • Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
      • Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
      • Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
    • Southern yellow pine
      • Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
      • Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
      • Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
      • Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
  • Red cedar
    • Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
    • Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
  • Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
  • Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
  • Spruce (Picea)
    • Norway spruce (Picea abies)
    • Black spruce (Picea mariana)
    • Red spruce (Picea rubens)
    • Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
    • White spruce (Picea glauca)
  • Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
  • White cedar
    • Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
    • Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
  • Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)

Hardwoods (angiosperms)[]

  • Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
  • Acacia (Acacia sp., Robinia pseudoacacia)
  • African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
  • Afzelia, doussi (Afzelia africana)
  • Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
  • Alder (Alnus)
    • Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
    • Red alder (Alnus rubra)
  • Ash (Fraxinus)
    • Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
    • Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
    • Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
    • Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
    • Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)[1]
    • Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda)[1]
    • White ash (Fraxinus americana)
  • Aspen (Populus)
    • Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
    • European aspen (Populus tremula)
    • Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
  • Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)
  • Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)[2]
  • Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
  • Basswood, linden
    • American basswood (Tilia americana)[1]
    • White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)[1]
    • American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
  • Birch (Betula)
    • American birches
      • Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
      • Black birch (Betula nigra)
      • Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
      • Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
      • Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
    • European birches
      • Silver birch (Betula pendula)
      • Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
  • Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
  • Blackwood
    • Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
    • African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
  • (Brosimum rubescens)[3]
  • Boxelder (Acer negundo)
  • Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)
  • Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)
  • Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
  • Buckeye, Horse-chestnut (Aesculus)
    • Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
    • Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
    • Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
  • Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
  • California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
  • Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
  • Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
  • Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)
  • Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)
  • Cherry (Prunus)
    • Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
    • Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
    • Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
  • Chestnut (Castanea spp.)
    • Chestnut (Castanea sativa)
    • American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
  • Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
  • Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
  • Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
  • Cottonwood, popular
    • Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
    • Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
  • Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
  • Cumaru (Dipteryx spp.)[4]
  • Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
    • Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
    • Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
  • Ebony (Diospyros)
  • Elm
    • American elm (Ulmus americana)
    • English elm (Ulmus procera)
    • Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
    • Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
    • Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
  • Eucalyptus
    • Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
    • White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
    • Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)[6]
    • Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
    • River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
    • Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
    • Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
    • Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
    • York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)[6]
    • Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
    • Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
    • Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
    • Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
    • Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
    • Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
    • Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
    • Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
    • Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
    • Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
    • Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
    • Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)[6]
    • Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)[6]
  • European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
  • European pear (Pyrus communis)
  • Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)
  • Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)
  • Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
  • Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)
  • Gum (Eucalyptus)
  • Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)
  • Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
  • Hickory (Carya)
    • Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
    • Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
    • Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
    • Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
  • Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)
    • American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
  • Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
  • Iroko, African teak (Milicia excelsa)
  • Ironwood
    • Balau (Shorea spp.)
    • American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
    • Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
    • Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
    • Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
    • Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
    • Lignum vitae
      • Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
      • Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
    • Takian (Hopea odorata)
    • Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
    • Black ironwood, olive (Olea spp.)
    • Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
    • Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
    • Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
    • Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
    • Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
    • Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
    • Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
  • Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)
  • Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)
  • Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
  • Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)
  • Lacewood
  • Limba (Terminalia superba)
  • Locust
    • Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
    • Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
  • Mahogany
    • Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)[7]
      • West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
      • Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
      • Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
    • other mahogany
      • African mahogany (Khaya spp.)
      • Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
      • Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
      • Philippine mahogany, calantis, kalantis (Toona calantas)
      • Indonesian mahogany, suren (Toona sureni)
      • Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
      • Sipo, utile (Entandrophragma utile)
      • , (Entandrophragma angolense)
      • , (Entandrophragma candollei)
      • Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
      • Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
      • Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
      • Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
      • Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
      • American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
      • Carapa, royal mahogany, demerara mahogany, bastard mahogany, andiroba, crabwood (Carapa guianensis)[8]
      • Bead-tree, white cedar, Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
  • Maple (Acer)
    • Hard maple
      • Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
      • Black maple (Acer nigrum)
    • Soft maple
      • Boxelder (Acer negundo)
      • Red maple (Acer rubrum)
      • Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
    • European maple
      • Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
  • (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
  • Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)
  • Meranti (Shorea spp.)
  • Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga), Kwila
  • Mopane (Colophospermum mopane)
  • Oak (Quercus)
    • White oak
      • White oak (Quercus alba)
      • Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
      • Post oak (Quercus stellata)
      • Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
      • Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
      • Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
      • Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
      • Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
      • Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
      • Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
    • English oak (Quercus robur)
    • Red oak
      • Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
      • Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
      • Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
      • Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
      • Water oak (Quercus nigra)
      • Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
      • Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
  • Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)
  • Olive (Olea europaea)
  • Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)
  • Poplar
    • Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
    • Black poplar (Populus nigra)
    • Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
  • Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)
  • Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
  • (Endiandra palmerstonii)
  • Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
  • , chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
  • Sal (Shorea robusta)
  • Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
  • Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
    • Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)
  • Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
  • , satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)[9]
  • Silky oak (Grevillea robusta)
  • Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
  • Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
  • Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
  • Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)
  • Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)
  • Teak (Tectona grandis)
  • Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
  • Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)
    • Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
    • Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
  • Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
  • Walnut (Juglans)
    • Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)
    • Common walnut (Juglans regia)
  • Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
    • Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
  • Willow (Salix)
    • Black willow (Salix nigra)
    • Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Caerulea')
    • White willow (Salix alba)
    • Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
  • Zingana, African zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)

Pseudowoods[]

Other wood-like materials:

  • Bamboo
  • Palm tree
    • Coconut timber (Cocos nucifera)
    • Toddy palm timber (Borassus flabellifer)

See also[]

  • Janka hardness test
  • List of Indian timber trees

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Summit, R. and A. Sliker. 1980. Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood. Florida: CRC Press, Inc.
  2. ^ Distemonanthus benthamianus. Wood Technical Fact Sheet. Forest Service. USDA.
  3. ^ "Bloodwood | the Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)".
  4. ^ "MADERAS DEL". Government of Peru, INIA. 1999. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
  5. ^ Diospyros crassiflora. Archived 2015-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Denham, R. (1999). "Specialty Timbers for the Western Australian Wheatbelt" (PDF). Farmnote 80/99. Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
  7. ^ the editors of Fine woodworking (2003). In the 18th century style: building furniture inspired by the classical tradition. USA: The Taunton Press. pp. 36–43. ISBN 1-56158-397-9.
  8. ^ Carapa guianensis. Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine World Agroforestry Centre.
  9. ^ Richter, H. G. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Brosimum rubescens Taub. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy. June 2009.

External links[]

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