Long-jawed orb weaver

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Long-jawed orb-weavers
Temporal range: Cretaceous–present
Pg
Metellina mengei (aka).jpg
Metellina mengei
Long-jawed orb-weaver spider (Tetragnatha montana) female.jpg
Tetragnatha montana, female
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Tetragnathidae
Menge, 1866
Diversity
50 genera, 989 species
Distribution.tetragnathidae.1.png

Long-jawed orb weavers or long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) are a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866.[1] They have elongated bodies, legs, and chelicerae, and build small orb webs with an open hub with few, wide-set radii and spirals with no signal line or retreat. Some species are often found in long vegetation near water.[2]

Systematics[]

Main article: List of Tetragnathidae species
Opadometa fastigata in Kerala
Mating behaviour of Tetragnatha montana

As of March 2021, the World Spider Catalog accepts the following extant genera:[3]

  • Alcimosphenus Simon, 1895 — Caribbean
  • Allende Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile, Argentina
  • Antillognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
  • Atelidea Simon, 1895 — Sri Lanka
  • Azilia Keyserling, 1881 — United States, Panama, South America, Caribbean
  • Chrysometa Simon, 1894 — South America, Central America, Mexico, Caribbean
  • Cyrtognatha Keyserling, 1881 — South America, Central America, Caribbean, Mexico
  • Dianleucauge Song & Zhu, 1994 — China
  • Diphya Nicolet, 1849 — Asia, South America, Africa
  • Dolichognatha O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869 — Asia, Africa, South America, Oceania, United States, Panama
  • Doryonychus Simon, 1900 — Hawaii
  • Dyschiriognatha Simon, 1893 — Indonesia, Brazil, Samoa
  • Glenognatha Simon, 1887 — Africa, South America, Asia, North America, Central America, Caribbean
  • Guizygiella Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — Asia
  • Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
  • Hispanognatha Bryant, 1945 — Hispaniola
  • Homalometa Simon, 1898 — Central America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil
  • Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — Australia (Queensland)
  • Leucauge White, 1841 — Africa, North America, Asia, Oceania, South America, Central America, Caribbean
  • Mecynometa Simon, 1894 — Africa, Guatemala, Brazil
  • Mesida Kulczyński, 1911 — Oceania, Asia, Africa
  • Meta C. L. Koch, 1836 — Asia, North America, Tanzania, Oceania, Cuba
  • Metabus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899 — Mexico, Guatemala, Ecuador, Dominican Republic
  • Metellina Chamberlin & Ivie, 1941 — Africa, Asia, Canada
  • Metleucauge Levi, 1980 — Asia, United States
  • Mitoscelis Thorell, 1890 — Indonesia
  • Mollemeta Álvarez-Padilla, 2007 — Chile
  • Nanningia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997
  • Nanometa Simon, 1908 — Australia
  • Neoprolochus Reimoser, 1927 — Indonesia
  • Okileucauge Tanikawa, 2001 — China, Japan
  • Opadometa Archer, 1951 — Asia, Papua New Guinea
  • Opas O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896 — South America, Mexico, Panama
  • Orsinome Thorell, 1890 — Asia, Oceania, Madagascar
  • Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 — Africa, Asia, North America, Cuba, Europe
  • Parameta Simon, 1895 — Ethiopia, Somalia, Sierra Leone
  • Parazilia Lessert, 1938 — Congo
  • Pholcipes Schmidt & Krause, 1993 — Comoros
  • Pickardinella Archer, 1951 — Mexico
  • Pinkfloydia Dimitrov & Hormiga, 2011 — Australia
  • Sancus Tullgren, 1910 — Kenya, Tanzania
  • Schenkeliella Strand, 1934 — Sri Lanka
  • Taraire Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
  • Álvarez-Padilla, Kallal & Hormiga, 2020 — New Zealand
  • Tetragnatha Latreille, 1804 — Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa, North America, Caribbean, Central America, Europe
  • Timonoe Thorell, 1898 — Myanmar
  • Tylorida Simon, 1894 — Asia, Africa, Oceania
  • Wolongia Zhu, Kim & Song, 1997 — China
  • Zhinu Kallal & Hormiga, 2018 — Taiwan, Korea, Japan
  • Zygiometella Wunderlich, 1995 — Israel

Fossil genera[]

Several extinct, fossil genera have been described:[4]

  • † Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, and Baltic amber)
  • † Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • † Wunderlich, 2004 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • † Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • † Selden & Penney, 2003 (Cretaceous, Las Hoyas, Spain)
  • † Selden, 1990 (Cretaceous)
  • † Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
  • † Petrunkevitch, 1922 (Palaeogene, Florissant)
  • † Petrunkevitch, 1958 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)
  • † Wunderlich, 2012 (Palaeogene, Baltic amber)

Formerly placed here[]

  • Deliochus Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
  • Eryciniolia Strand, 1912 – now a synonym of Nanometa
  • Menosira Chikuni, 1955 – now a synonym of Metellina
  • Nediphya Marusik & Omelko, 2017 – now a synonym of Nanometa
  • Phonognatha Simon, 1894 – now in Araneidae
  • Prolochus Thorell, 1895 – see Dolichognatha

See also[]

A few spiders in this family include:

References[]

  1. ^ Menge, Anton (1866). "Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung". Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig (N.F.). 1.
  2. ^ Kindall; et al. (2005). Arachnidae: An Encyclopedia. San Diego, CA: Random House. p. 567.
  3. ^ "Family: Tetragnathidae Menge, 1866". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2021-03-06.
  4. ^ Dunlop, J. A., Penney, D. & Jekel, D. 2018. A summary list of fossil spiders and their relatives. In World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern, online at http://wsc.nmbe.ch, version 19.0, accessed on 7 October 2018.
  • Chickering, A.M. (1963). The Male of Mecynometa globosa (O. P.-Cambridge) (Araneae, Argiopidae). Psyche 70:180–183. PDF

External links[]

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