Lord George Hill

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Lord George Hill
Lord George Hill by RJ Lane.jpg
Lord George Hill,
lithograph by Richard James Lane
Member of Parliament
for Carrickfergus
In office
1830–1832
Preceded bySir Arthur Chichester, Bt
Succeeded by
Personal details
Born(1801-12-09)9 December 1801
Died6 April 1879(1879-04-06) (aged 77)
Spouse(s)
Cassandra Jane Knight
​
​
(m. 1834)​

Louisa Knight
​
(m. 1847)​
Children5
MotherMary, Baroness Sandys
FatherArthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire
Military service
Allegiance United Kingdom
Branch/serviceBritish Army
Years of service1817–1830
RankMajor

Lord George Augusta Hill (9 December 1801 – 6 April 1879) was an Anglo-Irish military officer, politician and landowner.

Hill was the posthumous son of Arthur Hill, 2nd Marquess of Downshire and his wife Mary Hill, Marchioness of Downshire, granddaughter of Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys. He was born three months after his father's death by suicide.

Military and political career[]

He entered the army in May 1817, initially a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards, promoted to lieutenant in 1820. He transferred to the Royal Irish Dragoons as a captain in 1825. In April 1830 he became aide-de-camp to Sir John Byng, Commander-in-Chief of the forces in Ireland, at the rank of major, but on 6 July he took half-pay.[1]

In the 1830 general election, Hill was elected MP for Carrickfergus, unseating Sir Arthur Chichester, Bt. Hill's brother Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire was a minor landowner in Carrickfergus; Lord George had been proposed as a candidate there in the 1826 general election, but had withdrawn in Chichester's favour, stating that he had been unaware of the nomination.[1]

Although he was considered a friend to the Duke of Wellington's Tory government when elected, he was absent from the vote of confidence on 15 November 1830 which caused the government to fall, and thereafter supported Earl Grey's government and its Reform Bill, like his brothers. Due to ill health, he did not contest the 1832 general election, instead supporting his brother Lord Marcus Hill, who was elected for Newry.[1]

He served as Comptroller of the Household to the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1833–34,[1] and as High Sheriff of Donegal in 1845.[2]

Gweedore[]

In 1838, Hill bought land in Gweedore, County Donegal, over the next few years expanding his holdings to 23,000 acres.[3][4] Hill himself described the condition of the local population as "more deplorable than can well be conceived"; according to the schoolmaster Patrick McKye, they were in the "most needy, hungry and naked condition of any people".[4] Among other improvements, he built a port, Bunbeg Harbour, to encourage fishing,[5] improved the roads and other infrastructure, and constructed the Gweedore Hotel to attract wealthy tourists.[6]

However, his attempts to reform local farming practices, in particular, his suppression of the rundale system of shared landholding, proved unpopular and controversial. While his reforms may have protected Gweedore from the worst effects of the Great Famine of the 1840s – the local population did not decrease, as it did elsewhere in Ireland – Hill's attitude to the famine was uncompromising and unsympathetic:[4]

The Irish people have profited much by the Famine, the lesson was severe; but so were they rooted in old prejudices and old ways, that no teacher could have induced them to make the changes which this Visitation of Divine Providence has brought about, both in their habits of life and in their mode of agriculture.[7]

Hill's book Facts from Gweedore (1845) provides an account of conditions in Gweedore and seeks to explain and justify Hill's agricultural reforms. It ran to five editions and played a large part in the bitter public debates about the effects of Irish landlordism. In June 1858 Hill gave evidence to a House of Commons select committee on Irish poverty; the committee was critical of Hill's actions.[1]

He died at his residence, Ballyare House in Ramelton, in April 1879.[1] He was buried at Conwal Parish Church in Letterkenny, alongside the first Austen to whom he was married.[8]

Family[]

Hill was twice married, to two sisters, daughters of Edward Austen Knight (brother of Jane Austen).

On 21 October 1834, he married Cassandra Jane Knight (16 November 1806 – 14 March 1842).[9] They had four children:[10]

  • Norah Mary Elizabeth Hill (12 December 1835 – 24 April 1920)
  • Captain Arthur Blundell George Sandys Hill (13 May 1837 – 16 June 1923)
  • Augustus Charles Edward Hill (9 March 1839 – 9 December 1908)
  • Cassandra Jane Louisa Hill (12 March 1842 – 16 August 1901)[11]

On 11 May 1847, he married Louisa Knight (13 November 1804 – 29 July 1889), niece and god-daughter of Jane Austen.[9] She had moved to Ireland after Cassandra's death to look after the children; the marriage prompted a parliamentary investigation into the legality of a marriage between a widower and his deceased wife's sister.[11] They had one son:[10]

  • George Marcus Wandsbeck Hill (9 April 1849 – 22 March 1911)

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Hill, Lord George Augusta (1801–1879)". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  2. ^ "New Irish Sherriffs". The Armagh Guardian. 4 February 1845. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  3. ^ His Life and Fortune to Civilize Gweedore (radio documentary). RTÉ. 4 May 1975. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b c O'Sullivan, Tim (2002). "History of Gweedore: Chapter One". Donegal Genealogy. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Bunbeg Harbour". gaothdobhair.ie. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  6. ^ "19th century controversies unveiled as Gweedore Hotel guestbooks are digitised". Donegal Now. 13 November 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  7. ^ Kinealy, Christine (1994). This Great Calamity, the Irish Famine 1845–52. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, Dublin. p. 53.
  8. ^ McLaughlin, Rachel (13 October 2018). "Novel approach to promote Jane Austen's links to Donegal". Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b Le Faye, Deirdre, ed. (2011). Jane Austen's Letters (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 491. ISBN 9780199576074. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b "Major Lord George Augusta Hill". thepeerage.com. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Hillan, Sophia (19 December 2018). "Daughter of the house: Cassandra Hill, Jane Austen's Irish great-niece". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 October 2019.

External links[]

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Sir Arthur Chichester, Bt 		Member of Parliament for Carrickfergus
1830–1832 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from ""