Lower Burdekin languages
Lower Burdekin | |
---|---|
Region | Queensland, Australia |
Ethnicity | Juru? Bindal? |
Extinct | ca. 1900 |
Language family | Pama–Nyungan
|
Dialects |
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | xbb – inclusive codeIndividual code: ljx – Yuru |
Linguist List | xbb |
Glottolog | bind1234 Cunningham listbind1235 Gorton listbind1236 Mount Elliot (O'Connor) listyuru1264 Yuru |
AIATSIS[1] | E62 Yuru |
![]() The Burdekin River in 2005 | |
![]() Lower Burdekin languages (green) among other Pama–Nyungan (tan) |
The Lower Burdekin languages were probably three distinct Australian Aboriginal languages spoken around the mouth of the Burdekin River in north Queensland. One short wordlist in each was collected in the 19th century, and published in the second volume of The Australian Race in 1886. These languages have since gone extinct, with no more having been recorded. Due to the paucity of the available data, we know almost nothing of their grammatical structure.
The O'Connor language goes by the name Yuru, and may have been Dyirbalic;[2] others may have been Maric. However, Breen analyzed two of the lists and concluded that they were different languages, neither Maric.[2] He presumes that one of them was Bindal.[3]
English | Cunningham vocabulary |
Gorton vocabulary |
O'Connor vocabulary |
---|---|---|---|
Kangaroo | hoora | wootha | arragoo |
Opossum | moonganna | goong | onehunger |
Tame dog | oogier | minde | oodoodoo |
Emu | kowwerra | goondaloo | karboonmillery |
Black duck | yammooroo | buggininulli | hoorooburry |
Wood duck | mumboogooba | detto | culburh |
Pelican | boloona | booloon | dooroomully |
Laughing jackass | kowurgurra | kookaburra | karcoobura |
Native companion | braroogan | buberenulli | kooroogowgun |
White cockatoo | digooi | bugina | bunginna |
Crow | wyaguna | wethergun | wombugah |
Swan | woergerella | ||
Egg | wyoorda | werroo | gunnoo |
Track of a foot | dooigooburra | yulmun | |
Fish | weenburra | kooia | weambura |
Lobster | koongooya | goonaway | boogurrie |
Crayfish | goombarroo | inundah | |
Mosquito | kowearoo | dee | hoonhoono |
Fly | karoovella | nin | |
Snake | oongullab | wormbaloo | boongi (carpet) |
The Blacks | murre | dulgooh | |
A Blackfellow | dulgooh | ||
A Black woman | wurrungooa | gungan | tudgegun |
Nose | urrooa | woodroo | wuneary |
Hand | mobirra | mulbroo | wurrumby |
2 Blacks | blarin dulgooh | ||
3 Blacks | wungoo dulgooh | ||
One | warmina | warrin | |
Two | blareena | bool | blarin |
Three | kudjua | ka | wungoo |
Four | kulburra | murragi | |
Father | kiya | yaba, yabo | abah |
Mother | younga | yanga | yunguma |
Sister—Elder | kootha | kooda | |
Brother—Elder | wabooa | kudun | |
A young man | karrebella | thillagal | deebahgul |
An old man | booingermunna | bunganan | nuganugamun |
An old woman | boingergunna | bulnagun | bundeyun |
A baby | mullererammoo | cowla | |
A White man | yooarroo | yuarroo | |
Children | erroomunna | moolaramoo | |
Head | kurria | kabbon | karboyan |
Eye | mudjura | deburri | deebara |
Ear | awbilla [sic] | wobbilla | kungun |
Mouth | da | yawirra | unga |
Teeth | irra | woonung | dingull |
Hair of the head | gunnarri | targuinn | |
Beard | thungier | thungi | talba |
Thunder | degoroo | digoro | burrahroo |
Grass | wudthoor | quwytho | narahminie |
Tongue | thullamia | dulling | |
Stomach | bunboona | borlo | boonda |
Breasts | woorga | wuggunna | dulnbinn |
Thigh | toomburra | thoombur | duburrin |
Foot | dingooburra | bulliger | dingooburra |
Bone | bulbanna | mimmoon | |
Blood | gwiburri | moondtha | queeberry |
Skin | yoolanna | uline | mindeer |
Fat | towie | koonoo, goomo | boongaroo |
Bowels | gurroona | kullinga | yaboo |
Excrement | goonna | goonna | guno |
War-spear | nirremoo | woomburro | woolunbura |
Reed-spear | wollaburra | (none used) | |
Wommera or throwing-stick | birrana | buddurrie | |
Shield | goolmurri | gooldinare | poodda poodda |
Tomahawk | bulgooa | nubanin | oolun |
Canoe | kobbetheba | bettel-bettel | karbeyal |
Sun | burgorri | kartri | mulloun |
Moon | bowarri | waboonburra | |
Star | bunjoldi | tor, bangala | dirilger |
Light | burgungubba | baragunna | |
Dark | wooroowobba | moonoo | wulhurrie |
Cold | didoora | detto | orbehgun |
Heat | towarroo | moondo moondo | |
Day | woorabunda | unbur | |
Night | wooroonga | woormooga | |
Fire | wygunna | booninin | neebull |
Water | kowara | thoolanoo | dunjun |
Smoke | toogar | doongin | |
Ground | nannier | numera | dingur |
Wind | quioona | queeyon | uinne |
Rain | yoogana | broothi | marroo |
Wood | doola | dulla | moora |
Stone | burreea | burtheroo | bungil |
Camp | yaamba | yamba | midera |
Yes | yea | umba | yu yow |
No | kurra | kateka | karbil |
I | iyooa | uda | |
You | yindooa | ninda | |
Bark | bulgan | boogoo | bulgun |
Good | boongoon | ||
Bad | kooyooa | diga | |
Sweet | kowangubba | goondi | |
Food | igango | dungee, ogoo | |
Hungry | nagnoora | kabbil | garoo |
Thirsty | dthunginna | armboo yulburana | |
Eat | igango | dulgee ogoo | |
Sleep | boogoora | boogooroo | boog oggba |
Drink | bithungo | bitthana | kudge ogoo |
Walk | kunnaigo | warin | |
See | timmi | thimmi | na |
Sit | thunnango | thunara | duri |
Yesterday | yambowerroe | dirrierih | |
To-day | nilla | nilla | cudgin |
To-morrow | burgenda | burringa | burrigunda |
Where are the Blacks? | ondia murre? | ulba dalgul? | |
I don't know | kurra mira | carbilbrather | |
Plenty | qniarilla [sic] | murrgi | |
Big | wiarra | yunga | |
Little | wa-baw-au-boona | wabungam | arbooro |
Dead | waulgoona | wolgoon | walgoon |
By-and-by | thagoo | boodinhi | |
Come on | kowa | kooa |
References[]
- ^ E62 Yuru at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ a b "E62: Yuru". Australian Indigenous Languages Database. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- ^ "E61: Bindal". Australian Indigenous Languages Database. Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
- Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (1886). The Australian Race: Its Origin, Languages, Customs, Place of Landing in Australia, and the Routes by Which It Spread Itself over That Continent. Melbourne: Government Printer.
- Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47378-1.
Categories:
- Languages with Linglist code
- Extinct languages of Queensland
- Northeast Pama–Nyungan languages