M198 howitzer

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
M198
U.S. Marines in the Persian Gulf War (1991) 001.jpg
TypeTowed howitzer
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In service1979–present
Used bySee Operators
WarsLebanese Civil War
Gulf War
Somali Civil War
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Syrian Civil War
Production history
Designed1968–1977
ManufacturerRock Island Arsenal (US)
Unit costUS$ 527,337
Produced1978–1992
No. built1,600+
Specifications
Mass7,154 kg (15,772 lb)
LengthCombat: 11 m (36 ft 2 in)
Travel: 12.3 m (40 ft 6 in)
Barrel length6.09 m (19.98 ft)[1]
WidthTravel: 2.8 m (9 ft 2 in)
HeightTravel: 2.9 m (9 ft 6 in)
Crew9 enlisted men
ShellSeparate loading charge and projectile[2]
Caliber155 mm (6.1 in)
BreechInterrupted screw[2]
RecoilHydro-pneumatic[2]
CarriageSplit trail[2]
Elevation−5° to +72°
Traverse45°
Rate of fireMaximum: 4 rpm
Sustained: 2 rpm
Muzzle velocity684 m/s (2,240 ft/s)
Maximum firing rangeConventional: 22.4km (14 mi), RAP: 30km (18.6 mi), RAP and L/52 barrel: 40km (25 mi)

The M198 is a medium-sized, towed 155 mm artillery piece, developed for service with the United States Army and Marine Corps. It was commissioned to be a replacement for the WWII-era M114 155 mm howitzer. It was designed and prototyped at the Rock Island Arsenal in 1969 with firing tests beginning in 1970 and went into full production there in 1978. It entered service in 1979 and since then 1,600 units have been produced and put into operation.

The M198 is being replaced in US and Australian service by the M777 howitzer.

Description[]

The M198 155 mm howitzer weighs less than 16,000 pounds (7,300 kg), allowing it to be dropped by parachute or transported by a CH-53E Super Stallion or CH-47 Chinook. The M198 is a towed howitzer that is transported tail first. The gun tube can be rotated over the howitzer's trail legs to reduce its length, though this requires removal of the muzzle brake, or left in the firing position for faster deployment. When firing, the weapon is lowered onto its baseplate rather than being anchored to the ground, allowing for rapid emplacement. The breech is operated manually via a screw type mechanism that rests low in an ergonomic position.

The M198 fires separate-loading (non-fixed) ammunition and can be loaded with a variety of propellants and projectiles. The effective range is 18,100 meters when firing standard projectiles, which increases to 30,000 meters when firing rocket-assisted projectiles and guided ammunition. With the 52-caliber modification the range can surpass 40,000 meters. The weapon system requires a crew of 9 and is capable of firing at a maximum rate of four rounds per minute, two sustained.

The M198 is deployed in separate corps- and army-level field artillery units, as well as in artillery battalions of light and airborne divisions. It also provided field artillery fire support for all Marine Air-Ground Task Force organizations until the adoption of the M777 howitzer.

Ammunition types[]

Royal Thai Army firing M198 howitzer
High Explosive (HE)
(M-107 NC/DC): Explosive Composition B material packed into a thick, internally scored shell which causes a large blast and sends razor-sharp fragments at extreme velocities (5,000–6,000 meters per second). The kill zone is approximately a radius of 50 meters and casualty radius is 100 meters. The Marine Corps and US Army also uses the M795 High Explosive round.
Rocket Assisted Projectile (RAP)
A rocket-assisted HE (also known as H.E.R.A.) M549 round that adds to the maximum range of the normal HE. For the 155 mm RAP round, max range is 30.1 kilometres (18.7 mi).
White Phosphorus (WP)
A base-ejecting projectile which can come in two versions: felt-wedge and standard. White phosphorus smoke is used to start fires, burn a target, or to create smoke which is useful in concealing the movements of friendly units.
Illumination
Illumination projectiles are base-ejecting rounds which deploy a bright parachute flare ideally 600 meters above the ground and illuminates an area of approximately 1 grid square (1,000 square meters). Illumination rounds are often used in conjunction with HE rounds, to illuminate the target area so that HE rounds can be fired more effectively. Illumination rounds can also be used during the daytime to mark targets for aircraft. The M485 Illumination round burns for 120 seconds.
Dual-Purpose Improved Conventional Munition (DPICM)
A base-ejecting projectile that drops 88 bomblets above a target. Each bomblet has a shaped-charge munition capable of penetrating two inches of solid steel as well as a fragmentation casing which is effective against infantry in the open. The DPICM round is effective against armored vehicles, even tanks (since the deck armor is usually the thinnest on the vehicle), and is also extremely useful against entrenched infantry in positions with overhead cover.
Area Denial Artillery Munition System (ADAMS)
An artillery round that releases anti-personnel mines. These mines eject tripwires to act as booby traps, and when triggered are launched upward before exploding. They are designed to self-destruct after a pre-determined period of time.
Remote Anti Armor Mine System (RAAMS)
An artillery round that releases anti-armor mines, usually used along with ADAMS rounds to prevent the antitank mines from being removed. Designed to self-destruct after a pre-determined period of time.
Copperhead
An artillery launched guided high-explosive munition used for very precise targeting of high-value targets such as tanks and fortifications. It requires the target be designated with a laser designator system. This round is currently no longer produced or used by the US military.
Sense and Destroy ARMor (SADARM)
An experimental munition that is fired in the general direction of an enemy vehicle. The shell activates at a certain point in time ejecting a parachute and then guides itself to the nearest vehicle.
XM454 AFAP (artillery fired atomic projectile) (W48)
The XM454 AFAP (W48) nuclear artillery shell had a 155mm caliber and an explosive yield of only 72 tonnes of TNT (300 GJ). All units were retired from service in 1992.[3][4]

Replacement[]

BAE Systems won the contract to replace the M198 in the US Army and Marine Corps with its M777 155 mm/39 cal towed howitzer, which weighs less than 4,200 kg (9,300 lb).[5] It was introduced in 2005.

Operators[]

Map with M198 operators in blue and former operators in red
Australian M198s firing during an exercise

Current operators[]

Former operators[]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Hogg, Ian. Twentieth-Century Artillery. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2000. ISBN 0-7607-1994-2 Pg.67
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Foss, Christopher (1977). Jane's pocket book of towed artillery. New York: Collier. p. 129. ISBN 0020806000. OCLC 911907988.
  3. ^ History of the Mk48 Shell (U) SC-M-57-680 (Report). Sandia National Labs. January 1968.
  4. ^ "Complete List of All U.S. Nuclear Weapons". nuclearweaponarchive.org. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  5. ^ U.S. Upgrades and Orders More Lightweight BAE Systems Howitzers, BAE Systems, archived from the original on 2015-07-10, retrieved 2015-07-09
  6. ^ "Exército Brasileiro irá adquirir canhão M198 Howitzer". Defesa Aérea & Naval (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Rock Island Arsenal M198 Towed 155mm Heavy Howitzer - United States". www.militaryfactory.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  8. ^ Lamothe, Dan. "Video: Islamic State fighters appear to fire U.S.-made M198 Howitzer artillery". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2018-12-16. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  9. ^ "Lebanese Army receives US weapon shipment". Archived from the original on 2015-02-08. Retrieved 2015-02-08.
  10. ^ "UNROCA (United Nations Register of Conventional Arms)". www.unroca.org. Archived from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  11. ^ www.inss.org.il (PDF). 20 November 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081120142629/http://www.inss.org.il/upload/(FILE)1188812948.pdf. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 November 2008. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ^ "Pakistan Army". Archived from the original on 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
  13. ^ Saudi Arabian Army#Artillery and Missile Systems
  14. ^ Somali Armed Forces#Army equipment, 1989
  15. ^ "ISIS Militants Captured 52 American-Made Artillery Weapons That Cost $500,000 Each". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2019-01-03. Retrieved 2018-11-12.
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-01-05. Retrieved 2019-03-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

External links[]

Retrieved from ""