Magnificent Seven cemeteries

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The "Magnificent Seven" is an informal term applied to seven large private cemeteries in London. They were established in the 19th century to alleviate overcrowding in existing parish burial grounds.[1]

Background[]

For hundreds of years, almost all London's dead were buried in small parish churchyards, which became dangerously overcrowded. Architects such as Sir Christopher Wren and Sir John Vanbrugh deplored this practice and wished to see suburban cemeteries established.[2] It was not until British visitors to Paris, including George Frederick Carden, were inspired by its Père Lachaise cemetery that sufficient time and money were devoted to canvass for reform, and equivalents were developed in London: first at Kensal Green.

In the first 50 years of the 19th century, the population of London more than doubled from 1 million to 2.3 million. Overcrowded graveyards also led to decaying matter getting into the water supply and causing epidemics. There were incidents of graves being dug on unmarked plots that already contained bodies, and of bodies being defiled by sewer rats infiltrating the churchyards' drains from the relatively central Tyburn, Fleet, Effra and Westbourne rivers which were used as foul sewers by this date and later wholly discharged into London's outfall sewers.

The cemeteries[]

In 1832, Parliament passed an act encouraging the establishment of private cemeteries outside central London. Over the next decade seven cemeteries were established, at least four of which were consecrated by Charles James Blomfield, Bishop of London:

Name Year opened London Borough Postal area Closed Remarks "Friends"
Kensal Green Cemetery
1833
 Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
W10
No
 Originally known as the General Cemetery of All Souls, this is the oldest of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries and it is still in operation.
Yes
West Norwood Cemetery
1837
 London Borough of Lambeth
SE27
C & F
 Originally known as the South Metropolitan Cemetery, this was the first cemetery in the world to use the Gothic style.
Yes
Highgate Cemetery
1839 (West)
1860 (East)
 London Borough of Camden
N6, N19
No
 It is divided into East and West cemeteries
Yes
Abney Park Cemetery
1840
London Borough of Hackney
N16
No
It became the main burial place of English nonconformists when Bunhill Fields closed.
Yes
Brompton Cemetery
1840
 Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
SW10
No
 Owned by the Crown, it is managed by The Royal Parks
Yes
Nunhead Cemetery
1840
 London Borough of Southwark
SE15
No
It was originally known as "All Saints' Cemetery".
Yes
Tower Hamlets Cemetery
1841
 London Borough of Tower Hamlets
E3
Yes
Also known as Bow Cemetery, it closed to new burials in 1966, and is now a park.
Yes

Abbreviations used in the column closed

C = Still used for cremations
F = Burial in family plots is still possible

The Burial Act 1852 section 9 required new burial grounds in a list of urban parishes of London (the Metropolis) to be approved by the Secretary of State. Sections 1 and 44 enabled the Secretary of State to close metropolitan London churchyards to new interments and make regulations regarding proper burial. The expenses for establishing burial boards to accommodate these changes were ordered to come from the poor rates under section 19. Sections 26 and 28 of that act enabled parish Burial Boards (with vestry approval) to purchase land anywhere and to appropriate land belonging to the relevant parish, poor board or any of its charitable trusts.[3] In 1981 the architectural historian Hugh Meller dubbed the group of cemeteries "The Magnificent Seven" after the 1960 western film of the same name.[1][4]

References[]

  1. ^ a b Mellor, Hugh; Parsons, Brian (1981). London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer. Amersham: Avebury. ISBN 0-86127-003-7.
  2. ^ Arnold, Catharine (2006). Necropolis: London and Its Dead. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9781416502487.
  3. ^ "An Act to amend the Laws concerning the Burial of the Dead in the Metropolis." [1 July 1852.] Usually cited as the Burial Act or Burials Act, 15 & 16 VICTORIAE, C./Cap. 85.
  4. ^ Walker, Lynne (December 1983). "Review: London Cemeteries: An Illustrated Guide and Gazetteer". The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 42 (4): 393–94. doi:10.2307/989929.

External links[]

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