Simon & Schuster

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For journalist Simon Shuster, see Time (magazine).

Simon & Schuster
FoundedJanuary 2, 1924; 97 years ago (January 2, 1924)
Founders
  • Richard Simon
  • Max Schuster
HeadquartersSimon & Schuster Building,
Manhattan, New York City
,
U.S.
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
  • Jonathan Karp (CEO)[1]
  • Dennis Eulau (CFO, Executive Vice President of Operations)
  • Ian Chapman (Chief Executive, UK)
  • Kevin Hanson (President, Canada)[2]
ProductsBooks
ServicesMany
RevenueDecrease US$814 million (2019)[3]
OwnerNational Amusements (1994–2021)
Bertelsmann (pending; 2021–present)
ParentGulf and Western Industries (1975–1989)
Paramount Communications (1989–1994)
Viacom (1994–2006)
CBS Corporation (2006–2019)
ViacomCBS (2019–2021)
(sale to Penguin Random House pending; 2021–present)
Websitewww.simonandschuster.com

Simon & Schuster (/ˈʃuːstər/) is an American publishing company and a subsidiary of ViacomCBS. It was founded in New York City in 1924 by Richard L. Simon and M. Lincoln Schuster. As of 2016, Simon & Schuster was the third largest publisher in the United States,[4] publishing 2,000 titles annually under 35 different imprints.[5][6]

History[]

Early years[]

In 1924, Richard Simon's aunt, a crossword puzzle enthusiast, asked whether there was a book of New York World crossword puzzles, which were very popular at the time. After discovering that none had been published, Simon and Max Schuster decided to launch a company to exploit the opportunity.[7] At the time, Simon was a piano salesman and Schuster was editor of an automotive trade magazine.[8] They pooled US$8,000, equivalent to $121,000 today,[9] to start a company that published crossword puzzles.[10][7]

The new publishing house used "fad" publishing to publish books that exploited current fads and trends. Simon called this "planned publishing".[8] Instead of signing authors with a planned manuscript, they came up with their own ideas, and then hired writers to carry them out.[8]

In the 1930s, the publisher moved to what has been referred to as "Publisher's Row" on Park Avenue in Manhattan, New York.[8]

Expansion[]

In 1939, Simon & Schuster financially backed Robert Fair de Graff to found Pocket Books, America's first paperback publisher.[11] In 1942, Simon & Schuster and Western Printing launched the Little Golden Books series in cooperation with the Artists and Writers Guild.[12][13]

In 1944, Marshall Field III, owner of the Chicago Sun, purchased Simon & Schuster and Pocket Books.[14] The company was sold back to Simon and Schuster following his death for $1 million.[15]

In the 1950s and 1960s, many publishers including Simon & Schuster turned toward educational publishing due to the baby boom market.[16] Pocket Books focused on paperbacks for the educational market instead of textbooks and started the Washington Square Press imprint in 1959.[16] By 1964 it had published over 200 titles and was expected to put out another 400 by the end of that year.[16] Books published under the imprint included classic reprints such as Lorna Doone, Ivanhoe, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn, and Robinson Crusoe.[17]

In 1960, Richard Simon died of a heart attack; six years later, Max Schuster retired and sold his half of Simon & Schuster to Leon Shimkin.[10][18] Shimkin then merged Simon & Schuster with Pocket Books under the name of Simon & Schuster.[10][18] In 1968, editor-in-chief Robert Gottlieb, who worked at Simon & Schuster since 1955 and edited several bestsellers including Joseph Heller's Catch-22,[19] left abruptly to work at competitor Knopf, taking other influential S&S employees, Nina Bourne, and Tony Schulte.[20][10] In 1979, Richard Snyder was named CEO of the company. Over the next several years he would help grow the company substantially.[21]

Simon & Schuster headquarters at 1230 Avenue of the Americas, Rockefeller Center, New York City

1980s[]

After the 1983 death of Charles Bluhdorn, head of Gulf+Western who acquired Simon & Schuster in 1976,[10] the company made the decision to diversify. Bluhdorn's successor Martin Davis told The New York Times, "Society was undergoing dramatic changes so that there was a greater need for textbooks, maps, and educational information. We saw the opportunity to diversify into those areas, which are more stable and more profitable than trade publishing."[22]

In 1984, Simon & Schuster with CEO Richard E. Snyder acquired educational publisher Esquire Corporation, owner of companies including Allyn & Bacon (and former owner of Esquire magazine), for $180 million.[22] Prentice Hall was brought into the company fold in 1985 for over $700 million and was viewed by some executives to be a catalyst for change for the company as a whole.[10][22] This acquisition was followed by Silver Burdett in 1986,[23] mapmaker Gousha in 1987 and Charles E. Simon in 1988.[23] Part of the acquisition included educational publisher Allyn & Bacon which, according to then editor and chief Michael Korda, became the "nucleus of S&S's educational and informational business."[10] Three California educational companies were also purchased between 1988 and 1990—Quercus, Fearon Education and Janus Book Publishers.[22] In all, Simon & Schuster spent more than $1 billion in acquisitions between 1983 and 1991.[23]

In the 1980s, Snyder also made an unsuccessful bid toward video publishing which was believed to have led to the company's success in the audiobook business. Snyder was dismayed to realize that Simon & Schuster did not own the video rights to , a huge bestseller at the time and that the video company producing the VHS was making more money on the video. This prompted Snyder to ask editors to obtain video rights for every new book. Agents were often reluctant to give these up—which meant the S&S Video division never took off. According to Korda, the audio rights expanded into the audio division which by the 1990s would be a major business for Simon & Schuster.[10]

In 1989, Gulf and Western Inc., owner of Simon & Schuster, changed its name to Paramount Communications Inc.[24]

1990s[]

In 1990, The New York Times described Simon & Schuster as the largest book publisher in the United States with sales of $1.3 billion the previous year.[22] That same year, Simon & Schuster acquired the children's publisher Green Tiger Press.[25]

In 1993, Simon & Schuster bought Macmillan (including Scribner's, Free Press, and Jossey-Bass), and changed its name to Paramount. Viacom then bought Paramount in 1994 and changed the name back to Simon & Schuster.[26][27] Macmillan was acquired for US$552.8 million.[28] Later that year, Snyder was suddenly fired from S&S and was replaced by the company's president and chief operating officer Jonathan Newcomb.[21] Simon & Schuster then sold several peripheral assets, such as selling Charles E. Simon Co. to CDB Infotek.[29] Gousha was sold to Rand McNally in 1996.[30]

In 1998, Viacom sold Simon & Schuster's educational operations (including Prentice Hall, Macmillan, and Jossey-Bass) to Pearson plc, the global publisher and then owner of Penguin and the Financial Times; Pearson then merged the operations with Addison-Wesley Longman to form Pearson Education. The professional and reference operations were sold to Hicks Muse Tate & Furst.[31]

2000s[]

In 2002, Simon & Schuster acquired its Canadian distributor Distican.[32] Simon & Schuster began publishing in Canada in 2013.[33]

At the end of 2005, Viacom split into two companies: CBS Corporation (which inherited S&S and Paramount Parks), and the other retaining the Viacom name.[34] Also in 2005, Simon & Schuster acquired Strebor Books International, which was founded in 1999 by author Kristina Laferne Roberts, who has written under the pseudonym "Zane."[35][36] A year later, in 2006, Simon & Schuster launched the conservative imprint Threshold Editions.[37]

In 2009, Simon & Schuster signed a multi-book and co-publishing deal with Glenn Beck which fell over many of their imprints and included adult non-fiction, fiction, children and YA literature as well as e-book and audiobook originals.[38] As part of CBS, Simon & Schuster has been the primary publisher for books related to various media franchises owned by and/or aired on CBS such as CSI.[39] The company has also held a license to publish books in the Star Trek franchise under Pocket Books.[40]

2010s[]

In 2011, Simon & Schuster signed a number of co-publishing deals. Glenn Beck signed a new co-publishing deal with Simon & Schuster for his own imprint, Mercury Ink.[41] Under Atria, Simon & Schuster also launched a publishing venture with Cash Money Records called Cash Money Content.[42]

In April 2012, the United States Department of Justice filed United States v. Apple Inc., naming Apple, Simon & Schuster, and four other major publishers as defendants. The suit alleged that they conspired to fix prices for e-books, and weaken Amazon.com's position in the market, in violation of antitrust law.[43]

Simon & Schuster reorganized all of their imprints under four main groups in 2012.[44] The four groups included the Atria Publishing Group, the Scribner Publishing Group, the Simon & Schuster Publishing Group and the Gallery Publishing Group.[44] According to CEO Carolyn Reidy, the divisions were created to align imprints that complement one another and that the structure would "lead to a sharper editorial focus for our imprints even as it takes consideration of the natural affinities among them."[44] In 2012, Simon & Schuster launched a self-publishing arm of the company, Archway Publishing.[45]

In November 2013, Simon & Schuster signed a co-publishing agreement with former New York Yankees shortstop, Derek Jeter, to launch Jeter Publishing.[46] In December 2013, a federal judge approved a settlement of the antitrust claims, in which Simon & Schuster and the other publishers paid into a fund that provided credits to customers who had overpaid for books due to the price-fixing.[47]

In 2014, Simon & Schuster signed a partnership deal with Amazon over ebooks and also launched a new speculative fiction imprint. In October 2014, Simon & Schuster signed a multi-year partnership deal with Amazon.com in negotiations concerning the price of e-books.[48] Simon & Schuster also launched a new science fiction imprint called Simon451 that would publish titles across science fiction and fantasy with an emphasis on ebooks and online communities.[49] The name of the imprint was inspired by Ray Bradbury's book Fahrenheit 451 (the temperature at which books burn).[49] Bradbury's classic is also published by Simon & Schuster.[49]

Simon & Schuster expanded beyond book publishing in 2015 by offering a new business model and additional services for authors. In 2015, Simon & Schuster announced the creation of a new publishing unit and imprint called North Star Way.[50] The imprint would publish non-fiction titles such as self-improvement, inspirational and mind-body-spirit titles. In addition, the group would also serve as a platform and set of services for authors that go beyond what a traditional book publisher offers to find their audience.[50] The services include helping authors expand their reach through online courses, seminars, workshops, mobile applications, video and audiobooks, sponsorships and business partnerships, and podcasts. North Star Way sits within the Gallery Publishing Group division.[50] According to Michele Martin, publisher and founder, the name North Star reflects their mission, "to publish books that will help readers find the path to a better life, and to be a guide for our authors, not only through publication of their books but also in the many other activities that can help their message find the widest possible audience."[51] In an interview with Kirkus Reviews, Michele Martin expanded that North Star Way, "aims to meet consumers where they are, in whatever form of media they consume. We expand the ideas in the books into a variety of platforms."[52] The name prompted Marvel Comics to attempt to register the name of their superhero Northstar in February 2015. The application was denied as Simon & Schuster had already made a trademark application for North Star Way in January.[53]

Simon & Schuster launched SimonSays.com a portal for online video courses in 2016, along with Scout Press, a new literary fiction imprint under Gallery Books Group. They also launched North Star Way, a platform-based program to provide authors with services beyond publishing including brand management, online courses, sponsorship, and business partnerships.[54] Also as of 2016, Simon & Schuster had more than 18k e-books available for sale and signed a deal to distribute Start Publishing LLC, a catalog of 7,000 e-book titles.[54]

In 2019, CBS and Viacom reunited to form ViacomCBS. As a result, Simon & Schuster became part of the newly formed ViacomCBS.[55]

2020s[]

In March 2020, ViacomCBS CEO Bob Bakish announced the company's intention to sell the Simon & Schuster division, as it "does not have significant connection for our broader business."[56] Bakish expected a sale to close in 2020, though the COVID-19 pandemic may delay that process.[57][58]

In September 2020, German media group Bertelsmann (which owns Penguin Random House) announced that they were interested in acquiring Simon & Schuster. According to Bertelsmann chief executive and chairman Thomas Rabe, "We've been the most active player on the consolidation of the book publishing market in the last 10 years. We combined Penguin and Random House very successfully to create by far the largest book publisher in the world, actually the only global book publisher. Given this position we would, of course, be interested in Simon & Schuster."[59]

Vivendi (which owns French publisher Editis) and News Corp (which owns HarperCollins) were also named as contenders in acquiring Simon & Schuster. ViacomCBS expected the bids to be placed before Thanksgiving 2020 (November 26).[60]

On November 25, 2020, ViacomCBS announced it would sell Simon & Schuster to Bertelsmann subsidiary Penguin Random House for $2.175 billion. The deal is expected to close in 2021, pending regulatory approval.[61][62][63]

In 2021, Simon & Schuster made book deals with former Trump administration officials, such as Vice President Mike Pence and Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway. This prompted protests among Simon & Schuster staff.[64][65][66]

Notable people[]

Notable editors and publishers[]

  • Clifton Fadiman, Jr., editor-in-chief[10]
  • Jack Goodman, editor-in-chief[10]
  • Jerome Weidman, editor-in-chief[10]
  • Joe Barnes, editor-in-chief[10]
  • Justin Kaplan[10]
  • Max Schuster (editor-in-chief)[10]
  • Michael Korda (editor-in-chief)[10]
  • Quincy Howe (editor-in-chief)
  • Robert Gottlieb[10]
  • Peter Schwed[10]
  • Wallace Brockway (editor-in-chief)[10]
  • William Cole
  • Maxwell Perkins

Notable authors[]

Simon & Schuster has published thousands of books from thousands of authors. This list represents some of the more notable authors (those who are culturally significant or have had several bestsellers, meaning they have sold at least 3000 books). For a more extensive list see List of Simon & Schuster authors.

  • Andrew Solomon
  • Annie Proulx
  • Audrey Niffenegger
  • Bob Woodward
  • Carrie Fisher
  • Chapo Trap House
  • Cornelius Ryan
  • Dan Brown
  • David McCullough
  • Dick Cheney
  • Donald Trump
  • Doris Kearns Goodwin
  • Doris Lessing
  • Ernest Hemingway
  • F. Scott Fitzgerald
  • Frank McCourt
  • Glenn Beck
  • Kayleigh McEnany
  • Ludwig Bemelmans
  • Harold Robbins
  • Hendrik Willem van Loon
  • Hillary Clinton
  • Howard Stern
  • Hunter S. Thompson
  • Jackie Collins
  • James Riley
  • Janet Evanovich
  • Jimmy Carter
  • Jodi Picoult
  • John Bolton
  • John Irving
  • Joseph Heller
  • Judith Rossner
  • Larry McMurtry
  • Lana Del Rey
  • Maddox
  • Mark R. Levin
  • Mary Higgins Clark
  • P. G. Wodehouse
  • Peter Hook
  • Philippa Gregory
  • R. L. Stine
  • Sandra Brown
  • Shel Silverstein
  • Siddhartha Mukherjee
  • Stephen E. Ambrose
  • Stephen King
  • Thomas Berger
  • Thomas Wolfe
  • Ursula K. Le Guin
  • Walter Isaacson
  • Zoella

[]

"The Sower", Simon & Schuster logo, c. 1961

According to one source, The Sower, the logo of Simon & Schuster, was inspired by the 1850 Jean-François Millet painting of the same name.[67] According to Michael Korda, the colophon is a small reproduction of The Sower by Sir John Everett Millais.[68]

Imprints[]

Adult publishing[]

  • Adams Media,[69] located in Avon, Massachusetts[70]
  • Atria Publishing Group[5]
    • 37 INK,[71] publisher of African-American and other diverse voices
    • Atria Books, general publisher
    • Atria Español, publisher of Spanish language books with a focus on United States Spanish speakers
    • Atria Unbound, general publisher of ebook editions of Atria
    • Beyond Words Publishing co-venture with Atria specializing in the mind-body-spirit category
    • Cash Money Content, a co-venture with Cash Money Records
    • Emily Bestler Books, publisher of fiction and non-fiction
    • Enliven Books, publisher of spiritual and wellness books
    • Howard Books,[5] publisher of Christian books
    • Keywords Press, publisher of books by Internet personalities[72]
    • Marble Arch Press, co-publishing agreement with the United Kingdom publisher Short Books
    • One Signal Publishers, nonfiction publisher founded by Julia Cheiffetz
    • Strebor Books International, publisher of African-American books as well as Black Erotica
    • Washington Square Press, paperback publisher of classic and contemporary fiction[73]
  • Avid Reader Press[74]
  • Gallery Books Group[5]
    • Gallery Books, general interest publisher
    • Karen Hunter Publishing, general interest imprint founded by journalist Karen Hunter
    • Mercury Ink, co-publishing deal with Glenn Beck and Mercury Radio Arts
    • MTV Books, young adult and pop-culture imprint
    • North Star Way Books, inspirational non-fiction imprint with additional services for authors
    • Pocket Books,[5] mass market imprint of the Gallery Publishing Group
    • Pocket Star, e-book only imprint of the Gallery Publishing Group
    • Scout Press, publisher of literary fiction
    • Threshold Editions,[5] conservative imprint
    • Twelve, an imprint that publishes each book with a month-long launch[75]
    • Gallery 13, a graphic novel imprint[76]
  • Scribner[5]
    • Scribner, publisher of fiction and non-fiction books
  • Simon & Schuster (the flagship imprint)[5]
    • Folger Shakespeare Library, publishes print and ebooks of Shakespeare works
    • Simon451, publisher of speculative fiction and fantasy
    • Saga Press (specializes in science fiction and fantasy.)[5]
    • Tiller Press (specializes in "practical nonfiction": diet, wellness, home design.)[5]

Children's publishing[]

  • Aladdin, publisher of picture and chapter books for middle grade readers
  • Atheneum, publisher of literary middle grade, teen and picture books
  • Beach Lane Books,[5] publisher of picture books, founded in 2008 and located in San Diego[77]
  • Little Simon,[5] publisher of children's books
  • Margaret K. McElderry Books,[5] boutique imprint publisher of literary fiction and nonfiction for children and teens
  • Paula Wiseman Books,[5] publisher of picture books, novelty books and novels for children
  • Salaam Reads, imprint for Muslim children's literature by Simon & Schuster's Children's Division[78]
  • Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers,[5] flagship imprint of Simon & Schuster's Children's Division
  • Simon Pulse, publisher of teen books, launched in 1999 as Pocket Pulse and renamed in 2001[79][80]
  • Simon Spotlight,[5] publisher focused on licensed properties for children

Other publishing[]

  • Viz Media

Audio[]

  • Pimsleur Language Programs, language courses
  • Simon & Schuster Audio, Audio division of Simon & Schuster

Former imprints[]

  • Archway (children's imprint of Pocket Books, merged into Aladdin Paperbacks)[80]
  • Bookthrift (Inexpensive reprints, discontinued)
  • Earthlight (UK science fiction imprint, discontinued)
  • Downtown Press (women's fiction, discontinued)
  • Fireside Books
  • Free Press[5]
  • Green Tiger Press
  • Half Moon Books
  • Inner Sanctum Mysteries
  • Linden Press
  • Long Shadow Books
  • Minstrel Books (children's imprint of Pocket Books, merged into Aladdin Paperbacks[80])
  • Poseidon Press (operated 1982–1993)
  • Richard Gallen Books
  • Sonnet Books
  • Summit Books, run by James H. Silberman (operated 1976–1991)[81]
  • Touchstone [82]
  • Wallaby Books

See also[]

  • The other "Big Five" English language book publishers: Hachette, Holtzbrinck/Macmillan, HarperCollins and Penguin Random House[83]
  • Books in the United States
  • List of largest book publishers of the United Kingdom
  • Media of New York City

References[]

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Further reading[]

  • Korda, Michael (1999). Another Life: A Memoir of Other People. United States: Random House. ISBN 0-679-45659-7.
  • "Simon & Schuster Inc." International Directory of Company Histories. 4:671–672.
  • "Simon & Schuster Inc." International Directory of Company Histories. 19:403–405.

External links[]

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