Malaspina family

House of Malaspina Cybo-Malaspina (since 1553)
Marcher noble family[1]
Flowered thorns of the Malaspina's main branch
Parent family	Obertenghi
Country	Kingdom of Italy (HRE)  Republic of Genoa Duchy of Massa and Carrara Kingdom of Sardinia
Etymology	Alberto Obertenghi's nickname "Malaspina" ("badthorn")
Founded	12th century
Founder	Alberto "Malaspina" Obertenghi[2]
Current head	None; extinct
Final ruler	Maria Theresa, Duchess of Massa
Titles	Duke/Duchess of Massa 1529–1790) Prince/Princess of Carrara 1529–1790) Lord of Massa and Carrara 1492–1529) Marquis of Fosdinovo 1355–1797) Marquis Malaspina 12th century–1790)
Connected families	Este Pallavicini Cybo
Motto	Sum Mala Spina Malis. Sum Bona Spina Bonis ("A bad thorn for the bad. A good thorn for the good.")
Estate(s)	Malaspina Castle (seat, Massa) Palazzo Cybo-Malaspina (seat, Carrara) Castle of Serravalle (Sardinian stronghold)
Dissolution	1790 (1790)
Cadet branches	Malaspina "of the Dry Thorn" (still existing) [a]

The Malaspina was a noble Italian family of Longobard origin that descended from Boniface I, through the Obertenghi line, that ruled Lunigiana from the 13th to the 14th century, and the marquisate of Massa and lordship of Carrara ( which later became the Duchy of Massa and Carrara and at a later time the Principality of Massa and the Marquisate of Carrara) since the 14th century.

History[]

The founder of the Malaspina Family was Oberto I, who became the count of Luni in 945. Oberto I was appointed as the marquise of the March of Genoa under the Italian king Berengario II in 951 and he became a count palatine in 953.^[4]

Oberto I had two children; Oberto II, who inherited the title of from his father, and , whose offspring founded the Pallavicino and the families.^[4] Oberto II had four children; Bertha of Milan, the spouse of the King of Italy Arduino; , count of Milan; Albert Azzo I, count of Luni whose offspring founded the Este family branches of Hannover and Brunswick; and , progenitor of the lineage of the Malaspinas.^[4]

In 1004, Oberto Obizzo I fought beside his brother-in-law King Arduino against the Count Bishops of Luni: this was the first of many conflicts between the family and the governors of the Roman-founded city. had a son, .^[4] Albert I also had a son, (?–1090), the father of  [it] (?–1140), who was the first member of the family to be called Malaspina; for this reason he is sometimes considered the true founder of the family.^[4]

The surname Malaspina means "bad thorn" or "ill-willed thorn" in Italian; some historians believe the surname originated in the time of Ancus Marcius as some paintings in the halls of may suggest. Other historians believe the name may have originated from a legend regarding the death of an enemy, . The legend, which is narrated on five sandstone tiles at the entry gate of the Malaspina ,^[5] tells how the king was killed with a thorn. Others believe the name originated from the remarkably bad attitude of Albert Malaspina or some of his relatives held with others.^[6]

Albert Malaspina extended the family's possessions towards the Apennine Mountains near Lunigiana, starting a conflict with Genoa and the Bishops of Luni. The 1124 references the division of goods between the descendants of Oberto Obizzo I, who in time gave birth to several European noble families; Brunswick, Estens, Pallavicino and the marquises of Massa, Sardinia and Corsica, as well as the Malaspinas.^[4]

Albert's son, the Marquise (?–1185), initially fought against Frederick Barbarossa the Holy Roman Emperor, supporting rioting commoners. After the emperor took control of the conflict, Obizzo changed sides, supporting him in his fight against Milan in 1157. The emperor rewarded Obizzo, granting him the right to rule over the territories of Liguria, Lunigiana, Lombardy and Emilia. In 1176, after escorting Barbarossa to Pavia, Obizzo surprised him by deciding to ally with the Lombard league and attacking the Emperor's armies. Because of Obizzo's betrayal, Frederick Barbarossa was defeated in the battle of Legnano. In the peace treaty of Costanza, the emperor forgave Obizzo and re-confirmed Obizzo's right to rule over the land he was given. Both the Battle of Legnano and the Peace of Costanza are represented in paintings conserved in the hall of Fosdinovo castle and were realized by at the end of the 19th century.^[7]

Obizzo I had two sons Malaspina—also known as Obizzone—and .^[4] The descendants of Obizzo II founded the ("dried thorn") branch of the family while the descendants of Moroello I founded the ("bloomed thorn") branch of the family (1221).^[4] Obizzo II had a son called Conrad I Malaspina, who was defined by Dante Alighieri as "the Old or The Ancient" due to his fame and long-living legacy; Conrad I is considered to be the first exponent of the Spino Secco branch. He obtained all of the territories over the right bank of the Magra river and the territories of Villafranca on the left bank of the Magra river. Conrad I Malaspina had four children; , , , and Albert Malaspina.^[4]

Manfredi Malaspina had a son named , who was a good friend of Dante Alighieri; because of his close friendship with Manfredi and the kindness he was shown during his exile, Alighieri paid homage to the Malaspina family in the "Purgatory" section of his epic poem Divine Comedy. Moroello had a son named Franceschino Malaspina, who took part in the wars between Guelfs and Ghibellines, and is known to have hosted Dante Alighieri several times during his exile in Lunigiana, nominating him as his personal attorney in the difficult peace negotiations with the Bishop of Luni, . These negotiations resulted in the in 1306. (Brother of Conrad Malaspina The Old) had two sons; and Conrad Malaspina the Young, to whom Dante expressed his gratitude for the Malaspina family in the 8th canto of "Purgatory".^[4]

Moroello I Malaspina had a son named , whose son is considered to be the true progenitor of the Spino Fiorito branch of the family. He received all of the territories on the left bank of the Magra river.^[4] Obizzino married and had three heirs; , , and Albert Malaspina. Isnardo married , who gave birth to Gabriele I Malaspina and ; the latter had three children; Spinetta Malaspina—also known as The Great, who in 1340 purchased the feud of Fosdinovo without having any legitimate offspring; Isnardo; and Azzolino whose offspring would assume the title of Marquess of Fosdinovo (1355).^[4]

The division of lands between the ever-increasing heirs brought about a shattering of the Dominion of the family into smaller feuds. The Malaspinas sometimes supported the Ghibelline faction and sometimes the Guelf faction. While supporting the Guelfs, Obizzino took part in the conflicts of the Lombards against the Hohenstaufen. Obizzino, alongside , commanded the Guelf army that defended Florence against Henry VII of Luxembourg. The Ghibelline faction defending emperor Henry VII was also lead by a household member; Spinetta Malaspina, also known as the Great.^[8]

The Malaspina family also controlled land in the north of Genoa around the area in the valleys of the Trebbia and Staffora rivers. The lordships in the Lunigiana and in the north of Genoa (also called Lombarda) were soon fragmented due to the adoption of the , which required an equal division of assets, including feuds, between male sons. Some members of the Malaspina family held a part of the Giudicato of Lugodoro (Giudicato di Torres) in the 13th and 14th centuries but most relevantly from the 15th century to the 18th century, the branch of the Cybo-Malaspina governed the independent and the participants of Carrara, then known as the Duchy of Massa and Carrara). The family's Sardinian possessions were: the castle of Serravalle (Bosa) with the curation of and ; and the castle of Osilo with the curation of Montes, and .^[9] Members of the family also had the right to the title of princes of San Colombano.^[10]

Dante's homage[]

In the eighth canto of Purgatory, Dante Alighieri celebrates the Malaspina's courtly values, especially those of liberality and hospitality that were well known throughout Europe.^[11]

^[b]

Origins[]

The Malaspinas were a marquise branch descending from the Obertenghi family,^[13] whose originator was Oberto I (Otbert or Odebertus), who around the middle of the 10th century became count palatine (the count of the sacred palace of Pavia and absolute judiciary authority of the kingdom), and from 951 he also became marquise of Milan and Count of Luni^[14] as well as of the marquisate of Obertenga as he called it), in the western part of Liguria, which was made up of the committees of Milan, Genoa, Tortona, Bobbio, Luni and other bordering territories.^[15]

This vast territory was fragmented both because the hereditary divisions such as the majorat were not yet valid and because of conflicting relationships with other families, including the Fieschi, Spinola, Doria and others, and because of pressure coming from the birthing communes of Milan, Genoa, Piacenza, Tortona, Pavia and Bobbio. Oberto I founded the house through his descendants Oberto II, Oberto Obizzo I, Albert I, Oberto Obizzo II; Albert I Malaspina (?–1140).

In 1164, Albert's son Obizzo I (the great) (?–1185) had his feudal rights confirmed by Emperor Frederick I and was also nominated Imperial Vassal. His feuds included parts of the modern-day Liguria (Tigullio, Cinque Terre and Levanto sul mare—which he acquired from Genoa and the Fieschi; the territories of the Lunigiana, Garfagnana and the valleys of the Trebbia River up to Torriglia); the Val d'Aveto (until Santo Stefano d'Aveto) and Staffora located in the Oltrepò); as well as Lombardy ( and ).^[16]

In 1220, of 's many heirs, only Conrad Malaspina the Old and Obizzino Malaspina were alive; their feudal rights were re-confirmed by the emperor although the territories were slightly reduced due to Piacenza's prevalent influence. In 1221, Conrad and Obizzino divided their lordships equally. Conrad ruled over the Lunigiana territories located on the west bank of the Magra River and Val Trebbia in Lombardy, giving birth to the Spino Secco branch, while Obizzino ruled over the Lunigiana territories located on the east bank of the Magra River and Valle Staffora in Lombardy, giving birth to the Spino Fiorito branch of the family.

Essential genealogy[]

• Oberto I
  • Oberto II
    • Oberto Obizzo I
      • Albert I
        • Obizzo II
          • Albert "The Malaspina", forefather of the Malaspina
            • Obizzo Malaspina
              • Obizzone
                • Conrad I Malaspina, forefather of the Spino Secco branch of the family
              • Morello
                • Guglielmo
                  • Opizzo Malaspina, Forefather of the Spino Fiorito branch of the family^[4]

Spino Secco branch[]

In 1266, four sub-branches were formed from the descendants of Conrad Malaspina (The Old) remembered by Dante Alighieri in the Divine Comedy.

Malaspina of Mulazzo[]

The origin of this sub-branch is attributed to (?–1284), who possessed the Castle of Mulazzo in Lunigiana—the main castle of the Spino Secco branch—and feuds in Val Trebbia surrounding Ottone, He also had some influence over the family's dominions in Sardinia. This sub-branch was the first to be generated from the Spino Secco; it retained possession of the marquisate of Mulazzo until the abolition of feudalism. The branch was extinguished in 1810 with the death of marquise Alessandro Malaspina, a renowned politician, explorer and navigator.

The marquisate, ruling from 1266 to 1797, was recognized as an imperial feud as soon as 1164; it expanded with several acquisitions of land in Pozzo, , , (from 1746), Calice, and ; the latter three territories were administered by the cadets of the Mulazzo sub-branch from 1710 to 1772, and due to debts were sold to the Grand Duke of Tuscany.

In the 16th century, the branches of Madrignano (1523–1634) and Montereggio (1523–1646) momentarily detached from the main Mulazzo branch. The feud of Mulazzo, starting from 1473, was alternately governed by the "Malaspina del Castello" and the "Malaspina del Palazzo" until 1776. The direct male bloodline was extinguished by the famous explorer Alessandro Malaspina.^[17]

The rulers of the Malaspinas of Mulazzo feuds were:

The main sub-branches deriving from the Malaspinas of Mulazzo were:

• Malaspina of Cariseto and Godano, from Cariseto^[18] a fraction of Cerignale in Val Trebbia; their forefather was Antonio (?–1477), son of Antonio of Mulazzo. This branch was extinguished in the span of two generations: the marquisate of Cariseto was acquired by the Fieschi in 1540 and subsequently by the Doria.
• Malaspina of Santo Stefano, from Santo Stefano d'Aveto, in Val Trebbia; their forefather was Ghisello I (?–1475), son of Antonio of Mulazzo. In 1495 the marquisate of Santo Stefano was sold to the Fieschi, only retaining the feuds of Godano and Bolano, both located in val di Vara between Lunigiana and Val Trebbia. The branch was extinguished in the 17th century and their feuds were left to the main branch of Mulazzo.
• Malaspina of Edifizi, in Edifizi a fraction of in val Nure, their forefather was Pietro, son of Ghisello I of Santo Stefano, the branch was extinguished in 1624.
• Malaspina of Casanova (from a Casanova probably near ); their forefather was Antonio, a bastard son of Barnabò of Mulazzo. The branch was extinguished in the 18th century after having sold their feud to the Doria in the 16th century.
• Malaspina of Croce (from in the Ligurian Apennines).Their feud was sold to the Fieschi in 1504.
• Malaspina of Fabbrica, from Fabbrica a fraction of (not to be mistaken with Fabbrica Curone of which the Malaspina of Varzi was the marquise). Their forefather was Moroello, who was either the son of Bernabò or of Galeazzo of Mulazzo. They sold their feud in 1540 to the Fieschi and survived to the end of the feudalism. The branch is still living today.
• Malaspina of Ottone, from in Val Trebbia. Their forefather was Giovanni, who was either the son of Bernabò or of Galeazzo of Mulazzo. They sold their feud in 1540 to the Fieschie and the branch was extinguished at the beginning of the 19th century.
  • Malaspina of Orezzoli, from Orezzoli, a fraction of Ottone. Their forefather was Galeazzo, son of Giovanni of Ottone. They had a considerable ramification process; their main branch was extinguished in the 18th century but the bloodline survived in some sub-branches. From one of these sub-branches, native to Bobbio, derived via adoption the branch of the Malaspina-Della Chiesa, marquises of Volpedo and of Carbonara.
  • Malaspina of Frassi, from Frassia fraction of Ottone. Their forefather was Giovanni, son of Galeazzo of Orezzoli. The bloodline still exists today through many sub-branches. They sold their feud in 1656 to the Doria.
• Malaspina of Madrignano, an independent branch that started in 1355 with Azzone as its forefather. The branch was extinguished until 1631 but was later revived from 1710 to 1772 with the Consignori of Mulazzo. Its marquises were:

Malaspina of Castevoli[]

An autonomous branch of the family starting from the 15th century with Azzone of Antonio of Mulazzo as its forefather. This branch possessed the feuds of , and had some ruling authority over Villafranca. Its main representatives were Thomas II (–1603) and his son Francesco (–1649). The main branch went extinct in 1759 and with imperial approval, the feuds were unified with Villafranca (1796). In 1794, some revolts against the authoritarian regime of started. In 1757, part of the feud was acquired by the Mulazzo branch.

Malaspina of Giovagallo[]

The forefather of this branch was Manfredo, son of Conrad Malaspina The Old, around 1260. They possessed the castle of (Tresana) and some surrounding land. The branch went extinct in 1365 and their feuds were inherited by the Villafranca branch. Most of the marquisate was absorbed by the marquisate of .^[20]

Malaspina of Villafranca[]

Their forefather was Frederick, son of Conrad Malaspina The Old; they ruled over the castle of as well as Villafranca in Lunigiana and the surrounding lands. The branch was greatly weakened and impoverished due to many hereditary divisions, wars and the loss of numerous territories in the valleys close to the river Vara, and . In the 16th century they were taken under the protection of Modena and thanks to their loyalty, with the May 3, 1726, decree, the duke Rinaldo d'Este of Modena gave them the name "Malaspina Estensi". Their newly formed dominion included , Beverino, Villa, Rocchetta di Vara, and the castles of and in Villafranca, where they ruled together with the consignori of the Castevoli branch. The marquises ruling the branch were:^[20]

The branch expanded efficiently, surviving after the end of feudalism and many co-branches still exist. Some of them had their own rulers as well as a separate identity. These include:

• Malaspina of Cremolino, from Cremolino in Monferrato; their forefather was Thomas I (1361), son of Frederick of Villafranca and of Agnese del Bosco, a blood relative of the Aleramica from which derived all of the family's feuds, including the consignoria over the city of Ovada. The branch went extinct in the 16th century.^[20]
• Malaspina of Lusuolo, from Lusuolo a fraction of Mulazzo in Lunigiana. Their forefather was Azzone (died in 1364), son of Opizzino of Villafranca; he inherited the feuds of the Malaspina of Giovagallo that was already extinct. This branch went extinct in the 17th century after selling their feuds to the grand-duke of Tuscany.^[20]
  • Malaspina of Podenzana from Podenzana in Lunigiana, whose forefather was Leonardo, son of Gian Spinetta of Lusuolo in 1536. During the , Alexander became the imperial governor of Aulla, greatly weakening the powers of the families of Genoa that had the right to rule over those territories since 1543. Refusing to pledge his loyalty to the king of Spain, Alexander's castle was demolished in 1706. In 1710, he regained the right to rule over the territories as the marquise of Aulla, purchasing the feud from the emperor at the price of 30.000 fiorini. In 1794, the branch inherited part of Licciana. They also possessed Montedivalli, Amola and a quarter of the feud of Monti. The branch went extinct in the 18th century. The marquises ruling the branch were:^[20]

• Malaspina of Tresana, from in Lunigiana. Their forefather was Opizzino, son of Giovanni Jacopo of Lusuolo, The branch went extinct with Guglielmo in 1652.^[20]
• Malaspina of Licciana, from Licciana Nardi in Lunigiana; their forefather was Gian Spinetta, son of Giovanni Spinetta of Villafranca> They became an independent branch in 1535 and ruled of the feud of . Their marquisate also had influence over Panicale, Monti, Piancastelli, Solaro, Bigliolo, Catanasco, Mulesano and Amola. Ferdinando, in the attempt to ask for Spanish protection, was killed during a riot in 1611. In 1778 the branch was put under the protection of Modena and in 1783 the family inherited in 1783 a part of the feud of Bastia. The branch went extinct at the end of the 18th century; after the death of Ignazio, the feud was acquired by the Podenzana branch (1795).^[20]

The marquises ruling the branch were:

• • Malaspina of Bastia, from Bastia, a fraction of Licciana Nardi; their forefather was Fioramonte II, son of Gian Spinetta di Licciana (?–1528). The line became independent in 1535. During the 17th century, the feud was disgraced by the criminal activities of Nestore, the younger brother of the marquise Carlo; his criminal activity ended only after his death, which was caused by a violent popular revolt. Nestore completely disregarded the intervention of the grand duchy of Tuscany. In 1704 the feud became a Tuscan estate, gaining protection but having to be ruled by Florence officials. The marquee Anna, consort of the marquise Giovanni, was renowned in the territory as a woman of unmatched beauty; she was invited to Versailles in hopes of making her 's favourite courtesan, replacing Pompadour. She failed in her efforts and came back to the feud with only a modest sum of money in compensation granted by the king. The line became extinct in 1783, leaving the feud to the line of Ponte Bosio.

The marquises ruling the branch were:^[20]

• • • Malaspina of Terrarossa, from Terrarossa, a fraction of Licciana Nardi; their forefather was Fabrizio, son of Fioramonte of Bastia, who sold his feud to the Grand-Duke of Tuscany in 1617. This branch was extinguished after only two generations.^[20]
    • Malaspina of Ponte Bosio, from Pontebosio, a fraction of Licciana Nardi; their forefather was Ludovico I, the abiotic grandson of Fioramonte of Bastia. This branch became the sovereign branch in 1631, receiving the official imperial investiture in 1639. They inherited the feud of Bastia in 1783 and in 1794 part of the feud of Licciana. They survived the end of feudalism but went extinct in the 19th century.

The marquises ruling the branch were:^[20]

• • Malaspina of Monti from Monti, a fraction of Licciana Nardi; their forefather was Moroello (1535–1575), son of Gian Spinetta of Licciana. This line went extinct in two generations with Orazio (1575–1585).^[20]
  • Malaspina of Suvero, from Suvero, a fraction of Rocchetta di Vara, a province of Spezia on the borders of Lunigiana; their forefather was Rinaldo (1535), son of Gian Spinetta II of Licciana. This branch inherited Monti, which was later sold in 1664 to the Podenzana branch of the family The branch survived the end of feudalism and still exists today. An outstanding representative of the branch was Torquato (–1594), who favoured philanthropic initiatives and constructed a "monte frumentario" to prevent famines. After the hereditary war between Rinaldo II and Spinetta of the Olivola branch (1627), the imperial feud was at peace until the Spanish invasion of 1733, which destroyed the family's castle.^[20] The marquises ruling the branch were:

Malaspina of Pregòla[]

This branch's forefather was Alberto (–1298), son of Conrad Malaspina (The Old). They inherited the feud of Pregòla—a fraction of Brallo di Pregola—and vast territory on the left side of the Val Trebbia; the river divided their feuds from the ones owned by the branch of Mulazzo. They also owned some territories near Bobbio. In 1304 Corradino Malaspina, the lord of the castle of Carana (Corte Brugnatella), in agreement with Visconte Pallavicino and the abbot of Bobbio, Guido took control over Bobbio, transformed it into a lordship and built its current castle. In 1341 the took control of Bobbio and of the Brugnatella court, stripping the Malaspina of the castle of Carana and destroying the famous Castello Nero, a black castle famous for the unusual stones used to build it. After 1347, when Corradino died, the feud was distributed between his heirs but in 1361 they had to give it to the Visconti family. in 1436 it was given to the family, who had become counts of Bobbio and Voghera. The Malaspinas also lost control over the ancient church of in the . The only territory they still owned was Dezza, which was later given to the Malaspina of Pregòla. The branch endured a division in 1347, from which the feuds of Prato (a fraction of Cantalupo Ligure, in Val Borbera, near Val Trebbia) and of Corte Brugnatella, which both had a short history. In another division in 1453 the four quartieri were separated from the feud of Pergola; each of the estates was given to a distinct branch of the family. These branches were:^[20]

• Malaspina of Vezimo, from Vezimo, a fraction of Zerba in Val Trebbia. They went extinct at the end of the 16th century.^[20]
• Malaspina of Pei and Isola from Pei, a fraction of Zerba; and Isola, a currently abandoned town in the fraction of Brallo di Pregola. The main branch went extinct in the 17th century but it is plausible that some descendants of the family survive between the Malaspinas currently living in the area, whose genealogy is still unknown.
• Malaspina of Alpe and Artana from Alpe, a fraction of Gorreto; and Artana, a fraction of . This line went extinct in the 17th century.
• Malaspina of Pregòla, Campi and Zerba from Zerba and Campi, a fraction of . They originated the branch, which later re-acquired a majority of the main feud and regained the title of Marques of Pregòla, which are still remembered today during a town celebration called "Sfilata Medioevale in Costume di Bobbio", which is held every November. Thanks to marquise Oliviero, in 1541 they obtained the investiture as an imperial feud and remained so despite continuous threats of invasion by the Savoia until the end of feudalism in Italy (1797). The last marquise ruling the feud was Baldassarre, who had strong pressure coming from the court of Tourin to renounce to his feudal rights. Because of hereditary distress the feud had fostered many family branches as well as the marquises of Pallavicino and Cabella, who with Gerolamo had usurped portions of the Malaspinian feud in 1660. In 1782 Gian Galeazzo Malaspina, the marquise of Santa Margherita; Antonio Giuseppe Malaspina, marquise of Orezzoli; heirs of Conrad Malaspina of Pregòla whose widowed wife Maria Teresa Farnese dal Pozzo in 1777 had become part of the Savoia; as well as Giovan Carlo Spinola Pallavicino, claimed their feudal rights in the court of Vienna regarding the recent annexations by the Savoia, asking for intervention from the Emperor.^[21] The direct line survived the end of feudalism and still remains a branch of the family. The line emigrated to Greece and later to the United States.^[22]

Spino Fiorito branch[]

in 1275, the son and three grandchildren of the forefather of the branch, also known as Obizzino, created four other sub-branches of the family.

Malaspina of Varzi[]

Their forefather was Azzolino, Obizzino 's grandson and son of Isnardo, who had already died before the division in 1275. With his brother Gabriele, Azzolino inherited a third of the estates of his grandfather Obizzino, some of which were in Lunigiana and some in Lombardy. After some time, in agreement with his brother, Azzolino took full control of the Lombardy feuds, mostly located in the Staffora valley surrounding Varzi. The Marquisate of Varzi was divided between Azzolino's three sons; the sub-branch of Isnardo, which ruled over Menconico, went extinct in the 15th century but the other two branches survived:^[23]

• Malaspina of Fabbrica, from Fabbrica Curone in a valley that borders with Staffora valley, had Obizzo as their forefather, Azzolino's son. They went extinct at the end of the 19th century after they had become Sforza-Malaspina.
• Malaspina of Varzi (first-born righteous branch); this branch went extinct in the 19th century after having created many ramifications and lost control over the marquisate. It is plausible that there could still be some heirs of the line between the many Malaspinas living in the Staffora valley to this day. From the Varzi branch other two branches were created:
  • Malaspina of Santa Margherita, from Santa Margherita, a fraction of Santa Margherita di Staffora; their forefather was Cristoforo, who died after 1420. They went extinct in 1821.
  • Malaspina of Casanova, from Casanova Staffora, a fraction of Santa Margherita di Staffora. Their forefather was Baldassarre son of Bernabò di Varzi. They generated another sub-branch but went extinct in the 17th century.
    • Malaspina of Bagnaria, from Bagnaria, of which they only had the nominal 'ruling title'. Their forefather was Bernabò son of Bernabò di Varzi. They went extinct in the 17th century.^[24]

Malaspina of Fivizzano[]

This branch's forefather was Gabriele, Obizzino's grandson and Isnardo's son, who died before the division of the feuds in 1275. Gabriele ruled over a third of the family's estates alongside his brother Azzolino; some feuds were in Lunigiana and some in Lombardy; thanks to a political agreement between him and Azzollino, Gabriele took control of the feuds in Lunigiana, which consisted of the castle of Verrucola in Fivizzano and the bordering territories in eastern Lunigiana. Gabriele had three children; Isnardo's family went extinct in the 15th century, leaving Fivizzano to the Republic of Florence, with which the family were allied. This event determined the future, creating the strong influence Florence had over Lunigiana and the bordering territories. The famous , which fought for supremacy with the Malaspinian dominium as well as the one of Modena. Spinetta Malaspina pledged his loyalty to Verona; by doing so he was awarded the . Spinetta had no natural heirs so his bloodline went extinct with his sons; Azzolino's descendants were rewarded with the feud of Fosdinovo and generated the line of , who were imperial vicars in Italy from whom descended. Because Antonio was the marquise of Fosdinovo, he obtained the feud of in 1441.^[25] His son, (?–1481), succeeded his father and added to the lordship of Massa the feud of Carrara and its surrounding territories.^[26] Giacomo's son, ^[27] banished his brother Francesco and Francesco's offspring, depriving them of all succession rights and leaving his daughter Ricciarda as his sole heir. Ricciarda married , from which descended the Cybo-Malaspina, the new Duchess of .^[28]

This branch of the family generated several other sub-branches, including:

• Malaspina of Sannazzaro from Sannazzaro de' Burgondi near Pavia; their forefather was Francesco, the son of Giacomo I of Massa, who had been invested as the rightful ruler of the feud by the Sannazzaro in 1466. They went extinct in 1835 with Luigi, an outstanding citizen of Pavia, in which he had a prominent political and social role.^[23]

Malaspina of Fosdinovo[]

This branch's forefather was the son of Azzolino, Galeotto, who died in 1367. In 1340, Spinetta Malaspina consolidated the family's power over its estates, granting them the lordship for the following centuries. The marquisate of Fosdinovo became sovereignly autonomous in 1367, engulfing the territories of Viano, Castel dell'Aquila, (1646), Cortila, , , , , and , . , son of of Fosdinovo, took control of the feud of Fosdinovo, leaving the other estates to his siblings.^[29]

In 1529 the hereditary status of imperial Vicary was recognised to him and his feuds. In 1666 the emperor granted the branch the right to produce its own currency. The last sovereign marquise was , who was in favour of abolishing the imperial feuds in Italy; he agreed with the Napoleonic edict of 2 July 1797 and renounced his feuds. The Torrigiani-Malaspina family still owns the Fosdinovese.I The ruling marquises were:^[23]

• • Malaspina of Olivola, from Olivola, a fraction of Aulla; their forefather was Lazzaro, son of Giovanni Battista of Fosdinovo and nephew of Gabriele, who had taken control of the feud of Olivola after the assassination of the original heirs of the main branch. The marquisate also possessed Pallerone (1572), Bibola, Bigliolo, Agnino, Quercia, Saracco and Vaccareccia. In 1569 their feud was absorbed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. This branch went extinct in the 19th century; the ruling marquises were:^[23]

• • Malaspina of Verona; their forefather was Spinetta, son of I of Fosdinovo, who gave up his feudal rights but had many estates in Verona. This branch became part of Verona's nobility in 1406 and acquired the marchional title with imperial placet on 13 April 1638, which was then re-confirmed on 7 January 1821. They went extinct in the 20th century.^[30]
  • Malaspina of Gragnola, from Gragnola a fraction of Fivizzano; their forefather was Leonardo, brother of Spinetta the Great. They went extinct with Leonardo II (–1419) after two generations but their feud was passed down to the marquise of Fosdinovo, which went extinct in 1642.

Malaspina of Olivola[]

Their forefather was Francesco, son of Bernabò and grandson of Obizzino who, after the division of 1275, inherited land in Lunigiana (the castle of Olivola, in a fraction of Aulla) and Lombardy, including the castle of Pizzocorno, a fraction of Ponte Nizza. The heirs of the main branch were assassinated in 1413 in the castle of Olivola; their feuds were divided between the Fosdinovo and Godiasco branches of the family. Olivola was given to the line of ; after the extinction of the line, it was given to Alberico I of Fosdinovo and his son Gabriele IV (–1485), who left it to his son Giovan Battista. The feud was later inherited by Lazzaro, who in 1525 created an independent line, which survived until the abolition of the imperial feuds in 1797. The ruling marquises were:^[31]

Malaspina of Godiasco[]

The forefather of this branch was Alberto, son of Obizzino, who in the division of 1275 with his grandchildren had feuds in both Lunigiana and Lombardy, mainly close to the castle of Filattiera. They were initially called Malaspina of Filattiera; this title was kept by the first generation only. They also had a castle in Oramala—a fraction of Val di Nizza, and later acquired control over the Borgo of Godiasco and set it as their centre of power. In 1743 the province of Bobbio was established under the marquisate of Bobbio from 1516; the Savoia and the mandate of Varzi delimitated their territories. The five main sub-branches of the family were created by Nicolò (also known as Marchesotto) the son of Alberto, and his five children; they all had feuds in Lunigiana and in the marquisate of Godiasco:^[23]

• Malaspina of Castiglione and Casalasco from Castiglione del Terziere, a fraction of Bagnone in Lunigiana, and from , a fraction of Val di Nizza in the Oltrepò Pavese; their forefather was Franceschino, son of Marchesotto who was also known as The soldier. They went extinct in three generations; the feud of Castiglione went to Florence and that of Casalasco went to the Malaspina of Oramala.
• Malaspina of Bagnone and Valverde from Bagnone in Lunigiana and in the Oltrepò Pavese; their forefather was Antonio, son of Marchesotto. Antonio's children divided their estates equally; Bagnone was given to Riccardo and was later sold by his grandchildren to Florence. His bloodline went extinct in 1987. The bloodline of Cardinal Aragonio Malaspina Bartolelli lives on; its last heir is still alive in the Marca Anconetana. Valverde was given to Antonio, whose bloodline probably continued in the Oltrepò.
• Malaspina of Treschietto and Piumesana, from Treschietto, a fraction of Bagnone in Lunigiana; and from Piumesana, a fraction of Godiasco in the Oltrepò Pavese; their forefather was Giovanni, son of Marchesotto. In 1698 they sold Treschietto and their lordship over to the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. The consignoria on Godiasco was reduced significantly. They went extinct in the 19th century.
• Malaspina of Filattiera and Cella from Filattiera in Lunigiana and Cella, a fraction of Varzi in the Oltrepò Pavese; their forefather was Obizzino, son of Marchesotto. In 1514 Bernabò, rebelled against the Sforza, and was executed in Voghera. The feud of Cella was confiscated; his son Manfredi sold Filattiera to the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. They went extinct in the 18th century.
• Malaspina of Malgrate and Oramala from Malgrate, a fraction of Villafranca in Lunigiana; and from Oramala, a fraction of Val di Nizza in the Oltrepò Pavese. Their forefather was Bernabò, son of Marchesotto. This is one of the few branches of the family, alongside , that never diminished its power over time; it acquired almost full control of the marquisates of Godiasco, Pozzol Groppo and Fortunago they also acquired substantial control over many of the other Malaspinian feuds of the Oltrepò. This branch was later called Malaspina of Godiasco-Pozzol Groppo and Fortunago.^[32] They went extinct in the 19th century. The ruling marquises were:^[23]

Malaspina of Sagliano from Sagliano Crenna, a fraction of Varzi; their forefather was Azzo, son of Nicolò of Oramala and Malgrate. This branch went extinct in the 18th century.^[30]

Other branches[]

• Malaspina of Ascoli Piceno, from Ascoli Piceno in Marche; the feud was later inherited by the Malatesta but the Sforza later gave it back to the Malaspina, who held it until 1502 when it was acquired by the papacy.
• Malaspina of Grondona; they only held the feud of Grondona until the end of feudalism.
• Sorce-Malaspina; their forefather was the marquise of Olivola, (1700 - 1º of November 1758). Alberico was born from Giuseppe's union with Maria Teresa Malaspina, (1703 - Pisa, 3 November 1770) (? - 1789); he married Maria Migliore in Palermo. The daughter of Maria Angelica Malaspina married Don Antonino Sorce, the heir of a rich family of Mussomeli, giving origin to the Sorce-Malaspina branch of the family. In 1770, their son Salvatore Sorce-Malaspina was born; with his wife Antonina Padronaggio he had these children:^[33]

Family members of unknown lines[]

• : (also known as Malespini); a historiographer from Florence (* around 1200, †; 1281). He wrote a book about the history of Florence ("Istoria Fiorentina") in Italian, which was completed after his death by his grandson Giaccotto. After the Battle of Montaperti (1260) he was exiled to Rome and returned to Florence after the battle of Benevento in 1266.
• Giacotto Malaspina, who documented Florence's history until 1286.^[33]
• the secretary of Pope John XXI; he wrote the history of Sicily ("Rerum sicularum", 1250–76) from a Guelph's point of view.

Marquesses of Malaspina[]

House of Malaspina[]

Rulers of Lunigiana under Malaspina rule[]

Marquisate of Malaspina[34] (c.1130-1254) (divided in Spino Secco and Spino Fiorito since 1212)

Spino Secco, Dried Thorn

Spino Fiorito, Blossomed Thorn

Marq. Pregòla[35] (1254-1797)

Marquisate of Mulazzo (1254-1797)

Marq. Giovagallo (1254-1365)

Marquisate of Godiasco/Filattiera (1254-1535)

Marq. Olivola (1st creation) (1254- 1413)

Marq. Cremolino (1275-1467)

Marquisate of Verrucola/Fivizzano (1254-1418)

Marquisate of Varzi[36] (1289-1776)

Marquisate of Villafranca (1254-1796)

Marq. Lusuolo (1301-1616)

Marq. Sta. Margherita (1320-1790)

Marq. Lunassi (1320- 1743)

Marq. Fabbrica (1320- 1759)

Marq. Treschietto/ Piumesana (1339-1716)

Marq. Castiglione (1339-1451)

Marq. Bagnone (1339- 1471)

Marq. Malgrate (1339- 1615)

Marq. Fosdinovo (1340-1797)

Marquisate of Villafranca (1254-1796)

Marq. Carisetto (1407- 1540)

Marq. Sto. Stefano (1407- 1590)

Marq. Mulazzo (1254-1797)

Marq. Tresana (1407- 1651)

Marq. Gragnola/ Castel d'Aquila (1367-1642) (Brief reannexation by Fosdinovo 1441-51)

Marq. Fosdinovo (1340-1797)

Sold to the Republic of Florence

Marq. Olivola (2nd creation, Fosdinovo line (1451- 1796)

Marquisate of Licciana (1469-1796)

Annexed to the Marquisate of Montferrat

Marq. Massa-Carrara (1467- 1553)

Sold to the Republic of Florence, later Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Marq. Edifizi (1475- 1624)

Marq. Madrignano (1517-1631) Suvero line retained Madrignano (1631–39)

Marq. Podenzana (1528-1797)

Marq. Monti (1528- 87)

Marq. Bastia (1528-1783)

Marq. Suvero (1528- 1797)

Sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sold to the Fieschi family

Marq. Oramala (1549- 1797)

Inherited by the Cybo family

Marq. Castevoli (1560- 1797)

Marq. Montereggio (1573-1646)

Marq. Ponte Bosio (1574- 1797)

Marq. Terrarossa (1st creation) 1574-1617)

Sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sold to the Kingdom of Spain

Marq. Mulazzo (1254-1797)

Marq. Terrarossa (2nd creation) (Filattiera line) (1628-1787)

'

Marq. Mulazzo (1254-1797)

Marq. Fosdinovo (1340-1797)

Sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sold to the House of Savoy

Sold to the House of Savoy

Sold to the House of Savoy

Marq. Ponte Bosio (1574- 1797)

Sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany

Sold to the House of Savoy

Marq. Castevoli (1560-1797)

Marq. Podenzana (1528-1797)

Table of rulers[]

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Ruler		Branch	Born	Reign	Death	Ruling part	Consort	Notes
		Malaspina	? Son of	1130-1141	1141	Marquisate of Malaspina	Adelisa three children Picenna no children	Founder of the family and of the marquisate.
		Malaspina	? Son of and Adelisa	1141-1186	1186	Marquisate of Malaspina	Maria Bianco da Vezzano three children
Alberto II the Moor		Malaspina	1165 Son of and Maria da Vezzano	1186-1212	1212 aged 46/47	Marquisate of Malaspina	(Giordana?) of Montferrat one child	Sons of Obizzo I, ruled jointly, until the death of Alberto in 1212. The surviving nephews, then divided the marquisate between the two: Alberto's brother Obizzo's line became known as Spino Secco (Dried Thorn) and Moroello's as Spino Fiorito (Blossomed Thorn).
			? Son of and Maria da Vezzano	1186-1193	1193	Marquisate of Malaspina	Beatrice? of Montferrat two children
			1140 Son of and Maria da Vezzano	1186-1199	1199 aged 58/59	Marquisate of Malaspina	(Giordana?) Frangipan four children
Corrado I the Elder			1180 Son of and Beatrice of Montferrat	1212-1254	7 July 1254 aged 73/74	Marquisate of Malaspina	Constance of Sicily Agnesina six children (in total)	In 1254 divided his lands between his sons.
			? Son of and (Giordana?) Frangipan	1212-1219	May 1219	Marquisate of Malaspina	Unknown at least one child
Obizzo III			? Son of	1219-1249	1249	Marquisate of Malaspina	seven children	In 1249 divided his lands between his sons.
			? Son of Obizzo III and	1249-1320	1320	Marquisate of Godiasco/Filattiera	eight children	In 1249, on the partition between his brothers, received Godiasco.
			? Son of Obizzo III and	1249-1265	1265		three children	In 1249, on the partition between his brothers, received Olivola.
			? Son of Obizzo III and	1249-1275	June 1275	/Fivizzano	(b.1233) eight children	In 1249, on the partition between his brothers, received Verrucola.
			1225 Son of Corrado I and Constance of Sicily/Agnesina	1254-1284	1284 aged 48/49	Marquisate of Mulazzo	(1230-1281) five children	In 1254, on the partition between his brothers, received Mulazzo.
			? Son of Corrado I and Constance of Sicily/Agnesina	1254-1275	1275	Marquisate of Villafranca	seven children	In 1254, on the partition between his brothers, received Villafranca.
			? Son of Corrado I and Constance of Sicily/Agnesina	1254-1285	1285		Beatrice three children	In 1254, on the partition between his brothers, received Giovagallo.
(under guardianship of until 1275[37])			1262[38] Son of and	1265-1339	1339 (aged 76/77)		Unknown six children
			? Son of and	1275-1301	1301	Marquisate of Villafranca	eight children	Received a smaller Villafranca, after the partition with his brother.
			? Son of and	1275-1309	1309	Marquisate of Cremolino	Richilda of Fosdinovo Ughetta eight children (in total)	Received the marquisate of Cremolino after the partition with his brother.
			? Son of and	1275-1289	1289	/Fivizzano	Unknown seven children	In 1249, on the partition between his brothers, received Verrucola.
			? Son of and	1284-1319	1319	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Unknown five children
			1268 Son of and Beatrice	1285-1315	8 April 1315 aged 46/47		Alagia Fieschi four children
			? Son of	1289-1351	1351	/Fivizzano	Angelica Verona five children	Sons of Isnardo I, shared Verrucola. Azzolino's descendants would later rule the Marquisate of Fosdinovo.
[39]			? Son of	1289-1327	1327	/Fivizzano	Giovanna Cagnoli five children
(under guardianship of until c.1310)[40]			c.1290 Son of and	1301-1367	1367 (aged around 76/77)	Marquisate of Villafranca	two children
(under guardianship of until c. 1310)			c.1290 Son of and	1301-1364	1364 (aged around 73/74)		? Malaspina of Oramala five children	Received the marquisate of Lusuolo from his father.
			? Son of and Richelda of Fosdinovo[41]	1309-1348	1348	Marquisate of Cremolino	Eleonora Asinari three children
			? Son of and Alagia Fieschi	1315-1345	1345		two children
			? Son of	1319-1365	1365	Marquisate of Mulazzo	seven children
			? Son of and	1320-1339	1339	Marquisate of Godiasco/Filattiera	seven children	Brothers and co-rulers. The sons of Niccolò divided the territory between them after their father's death.
			? Son of and	1320-1330	1330	Marquisate of Godiasco/Filattiera	Unmarried
			? Son of	1339-1355	1355		Unknown two children
			? Son of and	1339-1392	1392	Marquisate of Filattiera	Teodora Grimaldi of Genoa seven children	Grandson of Niccolò, received Filattiera after the partition with his uncles.
			? Son of and	1339-1375	1375	and	Masina Picciolini four children	Received Treschietto and Piumesana after the partition with his brothers and nephew.
			? Son of and	1339-1396	1396		Unknown three children	Received Castiglione after the partition with his brothers and nephew.
			? Son of and	1339-1368	1368	Marquisate of Malgrate	Unknown one child	Received Malgrate after the partition with his brothers and nephew.
			? Son of and	1339-1359	1359	Marquisate of Bagnone	Unknown four children	Received Bagnone after the partition with his brothers and nephew.
Spinetta I the Great			1282 Son of	1340-1352	1352 Fosdinovo (aged 69/70)	Lordship of Fosdinovo	(b.1280) 1310 three children	In 1340, Spinetta became ruler of Fosdinovo, taking it from the Republic of Lucca, and founded a new marquisate. However, left no male descendants, nominating his nephews (sons of his brother Azzolino) as heirs.
			? Son of and	1345-1365	1365		[42] one child	Left no surviving children. After his death Giovagallo was annexed to Villafranca.
Giovagallo was annexed to Villafranca
			? Son of and Eleonora Asinari	1348-1355	1355	Marquisate of Cremolino	Unknown one child[43]	Also Podestà of Tortona in 1332.
			? Son of and Angelica Verona	1351-1416	1416	/Fivizzano	Unknown three children
Galeotto I			? Son of and Giovanna Cagnoli	1352-1367	15 March 1367 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	three children	His feud was elevated to a Marquisate in 1355, by Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
			? Son of and Eleonora Asinari	1355-1402	1402	Marquisate of Cremolino	Unknown three children	Probably ruled with his son, who predeceased him.
			? Son of	1355-1385	1385	Marquisate of Cremolino	Unknown five children
			? Son of	1355-1404	1404		Doralice Malaspina five children
			? Son of	1359-1427	1427	Marquisate of Bagnone	Unknown three children
			? Son of	1364-1407	1407		Unknown five children
			? Son of and	1365-1407	1407	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Sofia Buzzacarini nine children	After his death he divided his marquisate between his sons.
			? Son of and	1367-1403	1403	Marquisate of Villafranca	Costanza ten children
Gabriele I			? Fosdinovo Son of Galeotto I and	1367-1390	1390 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	Unmarried	Left no descendants. The marquisate was inherited by his brother.
			? Fosdinovo Son of Galeotto I Malaspina, Marquis of Fosdinovo and	1367-1403	13 July 1403		Caterina Rossi[44] or [45] six children	Received the marquisate of Gragnola from his father.
			? Son of	1368-1408	1408	Marquisate of Malgrate	Unknown two children
			? Son of and Masina Picciolini	1375-1419	1419	and	Unknown seven children
Spinetta II			? Fosdinovo Son of Galeotto I and	1390-1398	1398 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	no children 1390 two children
[46]			? Son of and Teodora Grimaldi of Genoa	1392-1472	1472	Marquisate of Filattiera	no children	Sons of Riccardo, they probably shared rule in Filattiera.
			? Son of and Teodora Grimaldi of Genoa	1392-1468	1468	Marquisate of Filattiera	four children
			? Son of	1396-1430	1430		Unknown two children
(under guardianship of until 1410)			? Fosdinovo Son of Spinetta II and	1398-1445	9 April 1445 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	1418[47] five children	Acquired the Lordship of Massa in 1442.
			? Son of	1402-1427	1427	Marquisate of Cremolino	Unknown one child	Probably ruled with his son, who predeceased him.
			? Son of and Costanza	1403-1406	1406	Marquisate of Villafranca	Unknown three children
			? Son of and Caterina Rossi/	1403-1441	1441		(1385-1418) one child	Brothers, they shared the fief. Despite surviving his brother, Galeotto possibly had to hand over the marquisate to Fosdinovo, as the land was reabsorbed by Fosdinovo and (probably because Galeotto had no male heirs) given to a new heir in 1445, with Galeotto still living.
			? Son of and Caterina Rossi/		1441		Samaritana Foscari one child Mattea Bevilacqua four children
Gragnola briefly absorbed by Fosdinovo
			? Son of and Doralice Malaspina	1404-1411	1411		Unmarried	Left no descendants. The marquisate went to his brother.
			? Son of and Costanza	1406-1437	1437	Marquisate of Villafranca	five children
			? Son of and Sofia Buzzacarini	1407-1473	1473	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Unknown twenty-four children	Received a smaller marquisate, after the divisions with his brothers.
[48]			? Son of and Sofia Buzzacarini	1407-1477	1477		Unknown one child	Received the marquisate of Carisetto, after the division made by his brothers.
			? Son of and Sofia Buzzacarini	1407-1475	c.1475	Marquisate of Santo Stefano	Unknown five children	Received the marquisate of Santo Stefano, after the division made by his brothers.
			? Son of	1407-1460	1460		Unknown five children	Divided the marquisate with his brother and kept a smaller Lusuolo.
			? Son of	1407-1450	1450	Marquisate of Tresana	Anna three children	Kept Tresana after the division made with his brother.
			? Son of	1408-1456	1456	Marquisate of Malgrate	Eleonora Vignoli of Lodi three children
			? Son of and Doralice Malaspina	1411-1413	1413		Unmarried	In 1413, on the same day, he and his brothers were assassinated. Olivola was eventually absorbed by the Marquisate of Fosdinovo.
Olivola annexed by Fosdinovo
			? Son of	1416-1418	1418	/Fivizzano	Margherita Anguissola two children	After his death, Verrucola was absorbed by the still recent Marquisate of Fosdinovo.
Verrucola annexed by Fosdinovo
			? Son of	1419-1454	1454	and	Unknown two children
			? Son of	1427-1467	1467	Marquisate of Cremolino	Costanza no children	After his death with no descendants, the marquisate was annexed to the Marquisate of Montferrat.[44] The line survived, and died out in 1529.
Annexed to the Marquisate of Montferrat
			? Son of	1427-1450	30 June 1450	Marquisate of Bagnone	Unknown four children
			? Son of	1430-1451	after 1451		Unmarried	In 1451, Francesco sold his marquisate to the Republic of Florence
Castiglione sold to the Republic of Florence
			? Son of and Costanza	1437-1469	1469	Marquisate of Villafranca	1435 five children	After his death the marquisate was divided between his sons.
			1422 Fosdinovo Son of and	1445-1467	18 May 1481 Massa (aged 58/59)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	May 1446 five children	In 1467, Jacopo abdicated from Fosdinovo to his brother Gabriele, and ruled solely in Massa-Carrara, where he established a short-lived independent line.
				1467-1481		Marquisate of Massa and Carrara
			1428 Fosdinovo Son of and	1445-1451	4 July 1451		(1432-20 March 1500) one child	Revived the marquisate of Gragnola after receiving it from his father. He established a relatively longer line of marquesses than the previous one. He also linked himself with the older Gragnola line by marriage with a daughter of the still living Galeotto I, previous holder of the marquisate.
			? Son of and Anna	1450-1502	1502	Marquisate of Tresana	Costanza three children
			? Son of	1450-1471	1471	Marquisate of Bagnone	Unknown four children	In 1471, Francesco sold his marquisate to the Republic of Florence
Bagnone sold to the Republic of Florence
			? Son of and	1451-1505	28 June 1505		five chldren
			? Son of	1454-1477	1477	and	Unknown two children
			? Son of and Eleonora Vignoli of Lodi	1456-1499	1499	Marquisate of Malgrate	two children (in total)	Sons of Bartolomeo, shared the marquisate.
			? Son of and Eleonora Vignoli of Lodi	1456-1480	1480	Marquisate of Malgrate	Unmarried
			? Son of	1460-1506	1506		Caterina Suardi eight children
			1435 Fosdinovo Son of and	1467-1508	3 February 1508 Fosdinovo (aged 72/73)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	(1439-1516) May 1456 or 1468[44] five children	In 1467, received from his brother Jacopo the marquisate of Fosdinovo, following the latter's abdication.
			? Son of and	1469-1528	1528	Marquisate of Licciana	five children	Received the marquisate of Licciana.
			? Son of and	1469-1521	1521	Marquisate of Villafranca	Bianca di Collalto five children	After the partition with his brother, received a smaller Villafranca.
			? Son of and	1472-1493	1493	Marquisate of Filattiera	Bernardina Isembardi three children
			? Son of	1473-1517	1517	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Unknown nine children	Sons of Azzone, shared the Marquisate of Mulazzo.
			? Son of	1473-1511	1511	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Unknown five children
			? Son of	1475-1525	c.1525	Marquisate of Santo Stefano	Unknown five children	Received the marquisate of Santo Stefano, after the division made by his brothers.
			? Son of	1475-c.1500	c.1500		Unknown one child	Received the marquisate of Edifizi from his father, after the division made with his brother.
[49]			? Son of	1477-1525	c.1525		Unknown two children
			? Son of	1477-1512	1512	and	Elisabetta Gambarana three children
[it][50]			c.1450? Massa Son of and	1481-1519	13 April 1519 Massa (aged around 68/69?)	Marquisate of Massa and Carrara	1490 four children	Sons of Jacopo I, probably rule jointly.[51]
			c.1450? Massa Son of and	1481-1484	24 August 1484 Massa (aged around 33/34?)	Marquisate of Massa and Carrara	Costanza Fogliani December 1477 four children
			? Son of and Bernardina Isembardi	1493-1514	1514	Marquisate of Filattiera	Giovanna Maria Eustachi five children	Sold Cella (a part of the marquisate) to the Duchy of Milan.
			? Son of and /	1499-1513	1513	Marquisate of Malgrate	Adriana Guidoboni one child
			? Son of	1500-1525	c.1525		Unknown one child
			? Son of and Anna	1502-1528	1528	Marquisate of Tresana	Paola Arrigoni four children (in total)
			? Son of and	1505-1544	1544		Isabella Maggi two chldren	Brothers, they ruled jointly.
			? Son of and	1505-1550	1550		Unknown six chldren
			? Son of and Caterina Suardi	1506-1537	1537		two children	Shared the marquisate of Lusuolo.[45] Antonio was ousted of rulership by Federico's son, Girolamo Ambrogio.
			? Son of and Caterina Suardi		1542		five children
			? Son of and Caterina Suardi	1506-1536	1536		Angelica Medici five children
			? Son of and Caterina Suardi	1506-1524	1524		one child
			? Fosdinovo Son of and	1508-1533	1533 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	1501 three children[44]	Brothers, they shared the marquisate of Fosdinovo.
			? Fosdinovo Son of and	1508-1523	1523 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	22 July 1476 two children
			? Son of and Giovanna Rossi of Santo Secundo	1510[44]-1544	1544	(Fosdinovo line)	c.1530 nine children	In 1510, he received Olivola from his uncles.
			? Son of and Elisabetta Gambarana	1512-1578	1578	and	Unmarried	Probably shared the marquisate. After the death of his brother Gian Andrea, Pompeo still shared and survived his nephew Gian Lorenzo II.
			? Son of and Elisabetta Gambarana	1512-1540	1540	and	seven children
			? Son of and	1540-1577	1577	and	two children
			? Son of and Adriana Guidoboni	1513-1549	1549	Marquisate of Malgrate	Lucrezia Castiglioni four children
			? Son of and Giovanna Maria Eustachi	1514-1535	1554	Marquisate of Filattiera	five children	In 1535 Manfredo sold Filattiera to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Filattiera sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
			? Son of	1517-1573	1573	Marquisate of Mulazzo	five children	Shared in condominium the Marquisate of Mulazzo, rule that would apply to the descendants of Paolo and Cristoforo.
			? Son of	1517-1531	1531	Marquisate of Mulazzo	two children
			? Son of and	1531-1574	1574	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Nicola Vivaldi five children
			? Son of	1517-1555	1555		Nicola Spinola three children Grazia Calcagnini	Received the marquisate of Madrignano in inheritance of his father.
Riccarda[52]			1497 Massa Daughter of and	1519-1546 1547-1553	15 June 1553 Bagni di Lucca (aged 55/56)[53]	Marquisate of Massa and Carrara	c.1515 no children Lorenzo Cybo 1520 three children	Deposed once by her son, Giulio I Cybo-Malaspina, in 1546, she rapidly regained the control of her lands. She was the last of the Malaspinas in Massa-Carrara; her descendants, until then part of the Cybo family would join her name with her husband's, founding the .
Massa-Carrara inherited by the Cybo family
			? Son of and	1521-1562	1562	Marquisate of Villafranca	five children	Sons of Tommaso I, shared Villafranca. The sons of Gian Battista would later found the branch of Castevoli.
			? Son of and	1521-1549	1549	Marquisate of Villafranca	Ottavia Malaspina? five children
			? Illegitimate son of	1525-1540	After 1540		Unknown	In 1540 he sold his lands to the Fieschi.
Carisetto was sold to the Fieschi family
			? Son of	1525-1560	c.1560	Marquisate of Santo Stefano	Bettina Fregoso (d.1506) one child
			? Son of	1525-1550	c.1550		Unknown one child
(under guardianship of during minority)			1528 Posthumous son of and	1528-1574	9 July 1574	Marquisate of Tresana	four children
			? Son of and	1528-1574	1574 Cortemaggiore		Caterina Passeri-Bonacolsi nine children	Received the marquisate of Bastia.
			? Son of and	1528-1562	1562		four children	Received the marquisate of Suvero.
			? Son of and	1528-1578	1578		Lucrezia Stroggi-Maggi one child	Received the marquisate of Monti.
			? Son of and	1528-1573	1573	Marquisate of Licciana	three children
			? Son of and	1528-1565	1565	Marquisate of Podenzana	Caterina Orlandi eight children	Received the marquisate of Podenzana.
			? Fosdinovo Son of and	1533-1565	1565 Fosdinovo	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	1529 eleven children[44]
			? Son of and Caterina Suardi	1537-1616	1616		Maddalena Cerati five children	After his death without surviving children, Lusuolo was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Lusuolo annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
			? Son of and	1544-1590	1590	(Fosdinovo line)	Eleonora della Gherardesca five children
			? Son of and Lucrezia Castiglioni	1549-1590	1590	Marquisate of Malgrate	Giulia of Vervea two children	After the partition made with his brother, Giuseppe received a smaller Malgrate.
[54]			? Son of and Lucrezia Castiglioni	1549-1581	1581		Emilia Nocetti two children	Ercole received Oramala after the partition with his brother.
			? Son of	1550-1624	1624		Unmarried	After his death the marquisate reverted to Mulazzo.
Edifizi annexed to Mulazzo
			? Son of and Isabella Maggi	1550-1559	1559		Donella Sarego Girolama Castelbarco three children (in total)
			? Son of	1555-1594	1594		five children	Supposedly hated by his vassals.[44]
			? Son of and Donella Sarego/Girolama Castelbarco	1559-1606	25 December 1606		Caterina Guidotti 1563 Fiametta Soderini four children (in total)	Cousins, ruled jointly. Disinherited by his father, Leone managed to co-rule with his cousin's nephew. Leone was then succeeded in the co-rulership by his own son Alfonso, who also didn't outlive Gian Battista.
			? Son of	1559-1568	1568		Manella Angarana six chldren
			? Son of and Mandella Angarana	1568-1594	1594		Ginevra Marioni (d.1612) one child
			? Son of	1560-1590	c.1590	Marquisate of Santo Stefano	Bettina Fregoso (d.1506) one child	After his death the marquisate reverted to Mulazzo.
Santo Stefano annexed to Mulazzo
			? Son of and	1562-1580	1580[44]	Marquisate of Villafranca	five children	Kept a smaller marquisate of Villafranca after the partition with his brother.
[45]			? Son of and	1562-1605	1605		Bianca Sicco four children four children	Kept the marquisate of Castevoli after the partition with his brother.
			? Son of and	1562-1594	1594 Ferrara		(1570-1602) one child
			? Son of and Caterina Orlandi	1565-1587	1587	Marquisate of Podenzana	four children
(under guardianship of until 1573)			1544 Fosdinovo Son of and	1565-1610	1610 Fosdinovo (aged 65/66)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	six children
			1540 Son of and	1573-1608	1608 (aged 67/68)	Marquisate of Licciana	Regina of Cles 1565 twelve children	Sons of Jacopo I, shared the marquisate of Licciana.
			? Son of and	1573-1616	1616	Marquisate of Licciana	Bartolomea Formentini five children
[48]			? Son of and	1573-1584	1584		five children	In 1573 he was given the marquisate of Montereggio by his father.
			? Son of and Caterina Passeri-Bonacolsi	1574-1619	1619		(d.1616) eight children
			? Son of and Caterina Passeri-Bonacolsi	1574-1587	1587		Euridice Biagiotti two children	Received the marquisate of Ponte Bosio.
			? Son of and Caterina Passeri-Bonacolsi	1574-1617	1621		Lucrezia three children	In 1617 sold his marquisate, which he received from his father, to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Terrarossa briefly annexed to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
			? Son of and	1574-1590	1590	Marquisate of Mulazzo	1577 two children	Shared in condominium the Marquisate of Mulazzo.
			? Son of and Nicola Vivaldi	1574-1584	1584	Marquisate of Mulazzo	one child
			? Son of and	1574-1613	1613	Marquisate of Tresana	Unknown seven children
			? Son of and Lucrezia Stroggi-Maggi	1578-1582	1582		Lucrezia no children	Left no legitimate descendants. After his death Monti reverted to Licciana.
Monti annexed by Licciana
			? Son of and	1578-1608	1608	and	five children (in total)
			? Son of and	1580-1622	1622[44]	Marquisate of Villafranca	three children
			? Son of and Emilia Nocetti	1581-1622	1622		two children
			? Son of and	1584-1595	c.1595		three children
			? Son of and	1587-1637	1637	Marquisate of Podenzana	(b.12 January 1587) five children
			? Son of and Euridice Biagiotti	1587-1659	1659		Silvia of Diana four children
			? Son of and	1590-1657	1657	Marquisate of Mulazzo	(1614-1664) ten children	Shared in condominium the Marquisate of Mulazzo. Gian Cristoforo II sold his part to his cousin Francesco Maria (nephew of Antonio Maria and brother of Caterina, wife of Moroello IV).
			? Son of and Nicola Vivaldi	1590-1600	1600	Marquisate of Mulazzo	six children
			? Son of and	1600-1617	1643	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Agnese Ricci Lucrezia Rinaldi 1610 six children (in total)
			? Son of and	1617-1635	1635	Marquisate of Mulazzo	five children
			? Son of	1590-1615	1615	Marquisate of Malgrate	Unknown one child	In 1615, Cesare sold the marquisate to Spain.[44]
Malgrate sold to the Kingdom of Spain
			? Son of and Eleonora della Gherardesca	1590-1630	1630	(Fosdinovo line)	nine children
			? Son of and	1594-1596	1596		one child	Took his father as example,[44] probably being as hated as him. Ended assassinated in 1596.
			? Son of and	1594-1639	1639		Maria del Carretto two children	In 1631 received Madrignano from his maternal uncle, Giulio Cesare. However, after his own death, this land reverted to Mulazzo.
			? Son of and	1595-1625	c.1525		Isabella Sanvitale of Fontanellato four children
(under guardianship of [44])			6 September 1592 Son of	1596-1601	1601 (aged 9)		Unmarried	Died as a minor. His uncle Giulio Cesare then took the reins of the marquisate.
			? Son of and	1601-1631	25 November 1631		Isabella Grassi one child	After his accession, and given his predecessors' behaviours, the inhabitants rebelled against him, and offered the marquisate to the Republic of Genoa. The republic asked Gianbattista Doria to oppress the rebellion, but it was Cosimo Centurione, affraid of the rebellion spreading to his own feuds, that subjugated the Madrignano populace to Giulio Cesare's rule. With no surviving descendants, left the marquisate to , son of his sister Euridice.
Madrignano annexed by Suvero, and then reverted to Mulazzo in 1639
			1598 Son of and	1605-1649	1649 (aged 50/51)		Beatrice Baglioni four children	Grandson of Tommaso I, his predecessor.
			? Son of and Caterina Guidotti/FIametta Soderini	1606-1638	1638 Vienna		no children	Had almost continuous fights with his brothe Alessandro for inheritance, and desired to exclude him from inheritance.[44] As he left no descendants, the marquisate passed to his hated brother.
			? Son of and /	1608-1636	1636	and	[55] four children
			22 October 1593 Fosdinovo Son of and	1610-1663	1663 Fosdinovo (aged 69/70)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	1612 twelve children
			1596 Son of	1613-1651	6 August 1651 (aged 54/55)	Marquisate of Tresana	(1603-1675) September 1613[56] one child	After his death the marquisate was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.
Tresana annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
			1568 Son of and Regina of Cles	1616-1619	29 July 1619 (aged 50/51)	Marquisate of Licciana	three children	Had a suspicious character. His rule was marked by various incidents. Died assassinated by his own brother, and it is told that at the time Ferdinando's wife tried to defend him with pistols.[44]
			? Son of	1619-1629	1629		Unmarried	Grandson of his predecessor. Left no descendants, and the marquisate went to his uncle, Ippolito.
			1569 Son of and Regina of Cles	1619-1641	1641 (aged 50/51)	Marquisate of Licciana	Amedea de Chevron three children
			? Son of and	1622-1652	1652	Marquisate of Villafranca	Caterina di Ricasoli-Riario 1611 two children
			1593 Son of and	1622-1646	1646 (aged 52/53)		Lucrezia Guidoboni-Cavalchini four children
			? Son of and Isabella Sanvitale of Fontanellato	1625-1646	1646		(d.1680) no children	After his death with no descendants, Montereggio reverted to Mulazzo.
Montereggio annexed by Mulazzo
			? Son of and Eleonora Bartorelli	1628-1642	1642	(Filattiera line)	Cassandra della Seta two children	Grandson of . In 1628, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany gave him the marquisate of Terrarossa, which had been sold in 1617 by .
			? Son of and	1629-1645	1645		1627 six children
			? Son of and	1630-1655	1655	(Fosdinovo line)	1648 twelve children
			? Son of and	1636-1678	1678	and	Ottavia Gorai seven children
			10 September 1619 Son of and	1637-1676	12 October 1676 Podenzana (aged 57)	Marquisate of Podenzana	six children
			? Son of and Caterina Guidotti/FIametta Soderini	1638-1642	1642		Unmarried	The feud was re-absorbed by the main branch of Fosdinovo in 1644 after a dispute with the Grand Duke of Tuscany, who Alessandro had nominated to be the feud's heir.[57][23]
Gragnola definitely annexed to Fosdinovo
			? Son of and Maria del Carretto	1639-1663	1663		Caterina della Seta three children
			1621 Son of and Amedea de Chevron	1641-1659	11 June 1659 (aged 37/38)	Marquisate of Licciana	Bianca Rangoni three children
			1619 Son of and Cassandra della Seta	1642-1663	24 September 1663 Pisa (aged 43/44)	(Filattiera line)	Costanza della Gherardesca six children
			3 August 1631 Son of and	1645-1695	1695 (aged 63/64)		Scolastica Zambini thirteen children
			1630 Son of and Lucrezia Guidoboni-Cavalchini	1646-1692	20 September 1692 (aged 61/62)		Unmarried	Left no descendants. The marquisate went to his brother, Ercole.
			1605 Son of and	1649	1649[45] (aged 43/44)		Camilla Arrighi three children
[58]			? Son of and Camilla Arrighi	1649-1676	1676[45]		Unmarried
			After 1611 Son of and Caterina di Ricasoli-Riario	1652-1697	1697	Marquisate of Villafranca	Isabella Molza 1611 nine children
			22 December 1633 Son of and	1655-1682	11 July 1682 (aged 48)	(Fosdinovo line)	Claudia of Santa Croce no children
			? Son of and	1657-1697	7 December 1697	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Caterina Baglioni two children	Shared in condominium the Marquisate of Mulazzo. After his death with no surviving descendants, his part of Mulazzo returned to the descendant and namesake of Gian Cristoforo II, Gian Cristoforo III.
			? Son of and	1657-1674	1674	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Pannina Fogiliani (d.1665) eight children
			? Son of and Silvia of Diana	1659-1662	1662		Laura Farsetti five children
			1641 Son of and Bianca Rangoni	1659-1704	1704 (aged 62/63)	Marquisate of Licciana	Paola Cechinelli six children
			? Son of and Laura Farsetti	1662-1722	1722		Vittoria Farsetti 1661 six children
			? Son of and Caterina della Seta	1663-1714	1714		(24 May 1636 – 12 January 1712) 1658 three children
			1642 Son of and Costanza della Gherardesca	1663-1708	19 November 1708 Florence (aged 65/66)	(Filattiera line)	Margherita Romoli (b. 11 X 1655) two children Claudia Santa Croce three children
			27 January 1622 Fosdinovo Son of and	1663-1669	8 November 1669 Fosdinovo (aged 47)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	three children[44]	Left no descendants. The marquisate was inherited by his brother.
			15 November 1628 Fosdinovo Son of and	1669-1671	15 February 1671 Fosdinovo (aged 42)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	(d.19 February 1723) 12 November 1670 one child
(under guardianship of until 1691)			23 November 1671 Fosdinovo Son of and	1671-1722	1722 (aged 50/51)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	1693 seven children
			? Daughter of and Camilla Arrighi[59]	1676-1678	1678[45]		Gian Battista Gherardi unknown children	After her death, the marquisate passed to Alfonso I, great-grandson of Alfonso, brother of Tommaso I.
			31 October 1659 Son of and	1676-1719	1719 (aged 59/60)	Marquisate of Podenzana	(d.1716) three children
			? Son of and	1678-1741	1741[44]		six children	Great-grandson of Alfonso (brother of Tommaso I), and brother-in-law of the marquis Francesco.
			1660[60] Son of and Ottavia Gorai	1678-1689	1689 (aged 38/39)	and	Leonella Dionisia Gargielli no children 1674 no children
			8 March 1635 Son of and	1682-1714	17 September 1714 (aged 79)	(Fosdinovo line)	Beatrice of Sylva five children
			? Son of and Ottavia Gorai	1689-1692	1692	and	Anna Caterina Malaspina three children
			? Son of and Ottavia Gorai	1692-1722	1722	and	Anna Maria Gargiolli no children	In 1716, Ferdinando sold the marquisate to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Treschietto and Piumesana sold to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
			? Son of and Lucrezia Guidoboni-Cavalchini	1692-1723	1723		nine children
			? Son of and Scolastica Zambini	1695-1736	1736		Teresa Borri three children
			? Son of and Isabella Molza	1697-1725	1725	Marquisate of Villafranca	Gliceria Stanga seven children
			? Son of and Anna Maria Cardi/Maria Felice Cambi	1697-1765	1765	Marquisate of Mulazzo	(d.26 May 1772) 1717 two children	Shared in condominium the Marquisate of Mulazzo. Gian Cristoforo III was a cousin of Cesare Maria.
			? Son of and Pannina Fogiliani	1697-1705	1705 Piacenza	Marquisate of Mulazzo	ten children
			? Son of and	1705-1746	1746	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Lucrezia Avogadro five children
			? Son of and Paola Cechinelli	1704-1741	15 December 1741 Licciana (aged 62/63)	Marquisate of Licciana	Barbara Cavalca twelve children
			? Son of and Margherita Romoli	1708-1761	12 January 1761	(Filattiera line)	Vittoria Ricciardi (1695-11 April 1775) 1715 four children	Supposedly also held the , but it didn't pass to his descendants.[44]
			1667 Son of and	1714-1736	1736 (aged 68/69)		Livia Galetti (d.1746) six children
			1700 Son of and Beatrice of Sylva	1714-1758	1 November 1758 (aged 57/58)	(Fosdinovo line)	(1703-3 November 1770) 1723 seven children
			? Son of and	1719-1754	1754 Vienna	Marquisate of Podenzana	Beatrice Obizzi seven children
			? Son of and Vittoria Farsetti	1722-1748	1748		Teresa Maffei six children
			3 March 1695 Fosdinovo Son of and	1722-1758	1758 Fosdinovo (aged 62/63)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	(d. 18 February 1732) five children (d. 17 July 1762) 1749 eleven children
			? Son of and	1723-1750	15 July 1750		six children
			After 1611 Son of and Gliceria Stanga	1725-1786	1786	Marquisate of Villafranca	Dorotea Ratta nine children	Gained the epithet Estense from Rinaldo d'Este, Duke of Modena, in 1726.
			? Son of and Teresa Borri	1736-1783	6 January 1783		(28 November 1727 – 1797) four children	After his death with no male descendants, Bastia was absorbed by Ponte Bosio
Bastia annexed to Ponte Bosio
			? Son of and Livia Galetti	1736-1770	1770		Unmarried	After his death without descendants, the marquisate passed to his brother, Francesco Antonio.
			? Son of and	1741-1759	1759[44]		four children	Great-grandson of Alfonso (brother of Tommaso I), and brother-in-law of the marquis Francesco.
			Before 1714 Son of and Barbara Cavalca	1741-1778	1778 Parma	Marquisate of Licciana	Vittoria Olivazzi five children
			? Son of and Teresa Maffei	1748-1762	8 September 1762		Chiara Cusani (b.13 October 1707) four children
			? Son of and	1750-1797	13 January 1805		Antonia Miraglia (d.4 February 1812) nine children	Ercole was deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the latter's invasion of Northern Italy and subsequent end of the Feudal Age.
			1729 Son of and Beatrice Obizzi	1754-1789	13 September 1789 Florence (aged 59/60)	Marquisate of Podenzana	Unmarried	Left no descendants. The amrquisate passed to his younger brother Alfonso.
Under guardianship of until 1759			31 May 1752 Fosdinovo Son of and	1758-1797	14 January 1808 Pisa (aged 55)	Marquisate of Fosdinovo	no children	Carlo Emanuele was deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the latter's invasion of Northern Italy and subsequent end of the Feudal Age.
			? Son of and	1758-1783	1783	(Fosdinovo line)	Tommasina Falconi of Chiavari two children	Left no male heirs. The marquisate was nheiteed by his brother Carlo.
			18 January 1720 Son of and Vittoria Ricciardi	1761-1787	2 January 1787 (aged 66)	(Filattiera line)	Vittoria Ginori (d.23 March 1790) 1752 one child	After Manfredo's death, Terrarossa returned to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Terrarossa definitely annexed by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany
			? Son of and Chiara Cusani	1762-1783 1783-1797	22 December 1803	and	(d.1783) 1764 six children	Reunited, in 1783, the marquisates of Bastia and Ponte Bosio. Claudio was deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the latter's invasion of Northern Italy and subsequent end of the Feudal Age.
			1709 Son of and	1765-1776	After 1776	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Unmarried	Shared in condominium the Marquisate of Mulazzo. In 1776, Cesare gave to Carlo Moroello's son his part on the marquisate.
			1709 Son of and Lucrezia Avogadro	1765-1774	1774 Florence aged 64/65	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Caterina Meli-Lupi (d.27 June 1798) 1745 thirteen children
			16 December 1714 Son of and Livia Galetti	1770-1771	1771 (aged 56/57)		Livia Saporitti two children
			22 June 1769[61] Son of and	1771-1797	1827 Parma (aged 57/58)		Teresa Garimberti eleven children	Deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the latter's invasion of Northern Italy and subsequent end of the Feudal Age.
			23 December 1746 Mulazzo Son of and Caterina Meli-Lupi	1776-1797	1800 aged 53/54	Marquisate of Mulazzo	Unmarried	First sole marquis of Mulazzo since the 16th century. However, he would be also the last, as the called Feudal Age in Italy ended with the invasion of Northern Italy in 1797 by Napoleon Bonaparte. One of his brothers was the famous Alejandro Malaspina.
			2 May 1714 Son of and Barbara Cavalca	1778-1794	31 December 1794 (aged 80)	Marquisate of Licciana	Margherita of Rossillon 1767 three children
			? Son of and	1783-1797	21 February 1811	(Fosdinovo line)	Unmarried	Deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the latter's invasion of Northern Italy and subsequent end of the Feudal Age.
			? Son of and Dorotea Ratta	1786-1796	1809	Marquisate of Villafranca	Isabella Molza 1611 nine children	In 1796, he was deposed by the marquis of Castevoli, who reunited the two marquisates.
Villafranca annexed by Castevoli
			7 September 1777[62] Licciana Daughter of and Margherita of Rossillon	1794-1796	8 March 1847 (aged 69)	Marquisate of Licciana	Massimiliano Montecuccoli 1794 unknown children	Deposed or abdicated for her kin, the marquis of Podenzana, who united both marquisates.
			5 November 1749 Villafranca[44] Son of and	1759-1797 1796-1797	16 July 1834 Villafranca[44] (aged 84)	and Villafranca	five children	In 1796 reunited Castevoli and Villafranca, but he was deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 with the latter's invasion of Northern Italy and subsequent end of the Feudal Age.
			1737 Son of and Beatrice Obizzi	1789-1796 1796-1797	1797 Florence (aged 49/50)	Marquisate of Podenzana Podenzana and Licciana	Unmarried	Left no descendants. In 1796 reunited Licciana and Podenzana, but died at the wake of the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Malaspina branches at mid-18th century[]

• Spino Secco:^[63]

• Spino Fiorito:^[30]

See also[]

• Divine Comedy
• Italian nobility

Footnotes[]

References[]

Bibliography[]

• Eugenio Branchi, Storia della Lunigiana feudale, ristampa anastatica, 3 vol., Forni, Bologna 1971.
• Umberto Burla, Malaspina di Lunigiana, Luna editore, La Spezia 2001.
• Giuseppe Caciagli, Storia della Lunigiana, Arnera, Pontedera 1992.
• Giorgio Fiori, I Malaspina, Tip.Le.Co., Piacenza 1995.
• Guido Guagnini, I Malaspina, Il Biscione, Milano 1973.
• Pompeo Litta, Famigli celebri di Italia. Malaspina, 1855. (URL)
• Patrizia Meli, Gabriele Malaspina marchese di Fosdinovo: condotte, politica e diplomazia nella Lunigiana del Rinascimento, University Press, Firenze 2008 ISBN 978-88-8453-859-8, ISBN 978-88-8453-860-4.
• Franco Quartieri, Dante e i Malaspina, in "Analisi e paradossi su 'Commedia' e dintorni", p. 141, Longo editore, Ravenna 2006 ISBN 88-8063-501-8.
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