Malayalam poetry
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Overview about Malayalam language poetry
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There are two types of meters used in Malayalam poetry, the classical Sanskrit based and Tamil based ones.
Sanskrit meters[]
Sanskrit meters are primarily based on trisyllabic feet. The short sound is called a laghu, a long sound is called a guru. A guru is twice as long as a laghu. A guru is usually represented by a '-–' and a laghu by a '⌣'.
For easy specification of meters, the laghu's and guru's are grouped into feet (called ganam) as follows:
foot | name | identifying letter |
---|---|---|
⌣ - - | yaganam | ya (യ) |
- ⌣ - | raganam | ra (ര) |
- - ⌣ | thaganam | tha (ത) |
- ⌣ ⌣ | bhaganam | bha (ഭ) |
⌣ - ⌣ | jaganam | ja (ജ) |
⌣ ⌣ - | saganam | sa (സ) |
- - - | maganam | ma (മ) |
⌣ ⌣ ⌣ | naganam | na (ന) |
Additionally, individual gurus are also identified by 'ga' or 'gam' and laghus by 'la' or 'lam'.
For example, the definition for the meter 'Kalyani' is 'three thaganam + two gurus' indicating "- - ⌣ - - ⌣ - - ⌣ - -".
Further reading[]
- Dr. K. Ayyappa Panicker (2006). A Short History of Malayalam Literature. Thiruvananthapuram: Department of Information and Public Relations, Kerala.
- Menon, A. Sreedhara (2007). A Survey of Kerala History. DC Books. ISBN 9788126415786.
- Mathrubhumi Yearbook Plus - 2019 (Malayalam Edition). Kozhikode: P. V. Chandran, Managing Editor, Mathrubhumi Printing & Publishing Company Limited, Kozhikode. 2018.
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