Mallotus (plant)
Mallotus | |
---|---|
Kamala tree (M. philippensis)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
Subfamily: | Acalyphoideae |
Tribe: | Acalypheae |
Subtribe: | |
Genus: | Mallotus Lour. |
Synonyms[2] | |
|
Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790.[4] Two species (M. oppositifolius and ) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.[2][5][6][7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs.[8]
Fossil record[]
Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[9]
Uses[]
Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow dye (kamala dye) and (formerly) herbal remedy.
Species[2][]
- - S Thailand, W Malaysia
- - Hainan
- - S China
- Mallotus atrovirens - SW India
- - Papua New Guinea
- - India
- - India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- - SW India
- - Java, Sumatra
- - Sarawak, Kalimantan
- - S Thailand, W Malaysia
- - S Thailand
- - Cambodia
- - Vietnam
- - Borneo
- - Luzon
- - Papua New Guinea
- - Vietnam
- Mallotus claoxyloides- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
- - Kelantan
- - Philippines
- - Philippines, Borneo
- - Indochina
- Mallotus cumingii - Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
- - Papua New Guinea
- - Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
- - New Guinea
- Mallotus discolor - E Australia
- - Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
- - N Australia
- Mallotus distans - S India, Sri Lanka
- - Fujian
- - Vietnam
- Mallotus eriocarpus - Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
- - Borneo, W Malaysia
- Mallotus ficifolius - Queensland
- Mallotus floribundus - SE Asia, Papuasia
- Mallotus fuscescens - Sri Lanka
- - N Laos, N Thailand
- - Indochina
- - NE Thailand
- - Hainan
- - Vietnam
- - Sarawak
- - Thailand, Myanmar
- - S Thailand
- - S China
- - Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
- - India
- Mallotus japonicus - Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
- - Assam, Indochina, S China
- - Yunnan, N Thailand
- - Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- - Guizhou
- - Borneo, Philippines
- - S China, Indochina
- - Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
- - Myanmar
- - New Guinea
- - S Myanmar, S Thailand
- - SE Asia
- - Assam, Myanmar
- - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- - Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
- - Sarawak
- - Myanmar
- - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- - New Guinea
- Mallotus megadontus - Queensland
- - N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
- - S China
- - Guizhou
- - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
- - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
- - Thailand
- Mallotus mollissimus - Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
- - Pahang
- - S Thailand, W Malaysia
- - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
- - Myanmar
- - Laos, Cambodia
- - Guizhou
- - Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
- - N Australia
- - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
- Mallotus oppositifolius - Madagascar, tropical Africa
- - Yunnan, Sikkim
- - Myanmar
- - S Thailand
- - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
- - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
- Mallotus philippensis - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
- - Thailand, Vietnam
- Mallotus pleiogynus - New Guinea
- Mallotus plicatus - Indochina
- - Vietnam
- - New Guinea, Queensland
- - W India
- - Solomon Islands
- Mallotus repandus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
- Mallotus resinosus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
- Mallotus rhamnifolius - S India, Sri Lanka
- - E Himalayas
- - W Indonesia
- - Vietnam
- - Sumatra
- - Kalimantan
- - E China
- - S Thailand, W Malaysia
- - Anhui
- - W + C Africa
- - Sumatra, Borneo
- - Cape York Peninsula
- - Hunan
- Mallotus tetracoccus - Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
- - Indochina
- Mallotus thunbergianus - Sri Lanka
- - Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
- - New Guinea
- - Cambodia
- - - Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
- - Yunnan
Formerly included[2][]
moved to other genera (Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis )
- M. affinis -
- M. angulatus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. angustifolius -
- M. arboreus -
- M. arboreus var. platyphyllus -
- M. auriculatus -
- M. baillonianus -
- M. brevipes Merr. 1915 -
- M. brevipes Pax ex Engl. 1895 -
- M. calcosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. calvus - Spathiostemon javensis
- M. capensis -
- M. capuronii -
- M. caput-medusae -
- M. cavaleriei - Discocleidion rufescens
- M. chrysanthus -
- M. cordatifolius -
- M. dallachyi -
- M. diadenus -
- M. echinatus -
- M. eglandulosus - Spathiostemon javensis
- M. eucaustus -
- M. geloniifolius -
- M. glaberrimus -
- M. grandistipularis -
- M. griffithianus -
- M. hellwigianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. henryi -
- M. hirsutus -
- M. hollrungianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. hookerianus -
- M. hookerianus var. papuanus -
- M. impar -
- M. inamoenus -
- M. integrifolius - Hancea integrifolia
- M. kingii -
- M. kunstleri -
- M. kurzii -
- M. leptophyllus -
- M. longistylus -
- M. maingayi -
- M. melleri -
- M. minahassae -
- M. moluccanus - Aleurites moluccanus
- M. moluccanus var. glabratus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. moluccanus var. pendulus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. multiglandulosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
- M. nitidus -
- M. papuanus -
- M. papuanus var. glabrescens -
- M. papuanus var. intermedius - Hancea penangensis
- M. penangensis -
- M. populifolius -
- M. preussii - Plukenetia conophora
- M. pseudopenangensis -
- M. pseudoverticillatus -
- M. ramosii -
- M. samarensis -
- M. sarawakensis -
- M. speciosus - Sumbaviopsis albicans
- M. spinulosus -
- M. stipularis -
- M. subpeltatus -
- M. tenuipes -
- M. tsiangii -
- M. vernicosus -
- M. vitifolius - Melanolepis vitifolia
- M. wenzelianus -
- M. woodii -
- M. xylacanthus -
- M. yifengensis -
Notes[]
References[]
- ^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5.
- ^ Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
- ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249-274.
- ^ Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl:2433/173327.
- ^ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
- Mallotus (plant)
- Euphorbiaceae genera
- Dioecious plants