Manihot

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Manihot
Manihot palmata.jpg
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Crotonoideae
Tribe: Manihoteae
Genus: Manihot
Mill. 1754 not Adans. 1763[1]
Type species
Manihot esculenta
Crantz.[2][3]
Synonyms[4]

Hotnima A.Chev.
Janipha Kunth
Mandioca Link
Manihotoides & [1]

Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.[5][3]

Species of Manihot are monoecious[6] trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.[4] The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).[7]

Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.

Species[4]
  1. Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
  2. (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
  3. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
  4. (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
  5. (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
  6. Pohl – South America
  7. Müll.Arg. - Goiás
  8. McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
  9. Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
  10. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
  11. Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
  12. – Sergipe
  13. Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  14. (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
  15. Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
  16. Greenm. – N Mexico
  17. – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  18. Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
  19. Allem – Bahia
  20. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
  21. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
  22. Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
  23. Pohl – Minas Gerais
  24. Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
  25. Allem – Bahia
  26. Ule – NE Brazil
  27. Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
  28. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
  29. Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
  30. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
  31. Pittier – NW Venezuela
  32. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
  33. (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
  34. Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
  35. (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
  36. Allem – Goiás
  37. Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
  38. Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
  39. Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
  40. Cruz – Minas Gerais
  41. – Paraguay
  42. Ule – Bahia
  43. Baill. – Minas Gerais
  44. Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
  45. Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
  46. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
  47. Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
  48. Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
  49. Cruz – São Paulo
  50. Pax – NW South America
  51. Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  52. Ule – Bahia
  53. Huber – Pará, Amapá
  54. V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
  55. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
  56. McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
  57. Pax – Paraguay
  58. Taub. – Goiás
  59. Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  60. Nassar – Paraná
  61. Allem – Distrito Federal
  62. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
  63. J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
  64. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
  65. Pohl – Goiás
  66. Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
  67. Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
  68. Pohl – Goiás
  69. Pohl – Goiás
  70. Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
  71. Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
  72. Pohl – E Brazil
  73. Müll.Arg. – Bahia
  74. Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
  75. Pax – Paraguay
  76. S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
  77. Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
  78. Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  79. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
  80. Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
  81. Pohl – Goiás
  82. Pohl – Goiás
  83. Pohl – Bahia
  84. Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  85. Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
  86. Pohl – Bahia
  87. Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  88. Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
  89. I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
  90. Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  91. Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
  92. Pohl – Goiás
  93. Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
  94. Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
  95. Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
  96. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
  97. Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
  98. Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
  99. Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
  100. (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
  101. (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
  102. Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
  103. Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
  104. Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
  105. Pohl – Brazil
  106. Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
  107. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
  108. Baill. – Goiás
  109. D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
  110. Ule – Bahia
variety treated as a species
  1. Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem
formerly included[4]

moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha

  1. M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
  2. M. diversifolia –
  3. M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
  4. M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
  5. M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
  6. M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
  7. M. spinosissima –
  8. M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens

Pollination[]

Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.[6]

References[]

  1. ^ a b "Genus: Manihot Mill". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-03-31. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
  2. ^ lectotype designated by R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 5: 64 (1989)
  3. ^ a b Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
  4. ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2
  6. ^ a b Webster, G. L. (2014). "Euphorbiaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume XI - Flowering Plants, Eudicots - Malpighiales. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 51-216/x+331. ISBN 978-3-642-39416-4. OCLC 868922400. ISBN 978-3-642-39417-1. ISBN 3642394167.
  7. ^ Second, G.; Iglesias, C. (2001). "Chapter 11: The State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it". In Cooper, H.D.; Spillane, C.; Hodgkin, T. (eds.). Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. CABI Publications (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International) in association with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. pp. 201–221. ISBN 978-0-85199-411-6. OCLC 44420773.

External links[]

Media related to Manihot at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Manihot at Wikispecies The dictionary definition of 'Manihot' at Wiktionary

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