Manihot
Manihot | |
---|---|
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
Subfamily: | Crotonoideae |
Tribe: | Manihoteae |
Genus: | Manihot Mill. 1754 not Adans. 1763[1] |
Type species | |
Manihot esculenta | |
Synonyms[4] | |
Hotnima A.Chev. |
Manihot is a genus in the diverse milkspurge family, Euphorbiaceae. It was described as a genus in 1754.[5][3]
Species of Manihot are monoecious[6] trees, shrubs and a few herbs that are native to the Americas, from Arizona in the United States south to Argentina and Uruguay.[4] The best known member of this genus is the widely cultivated cassava (Manihot esculenta).[7]
Manihot species are used as food plants by the larvae of some species of Lepidoptera including Endoclita sericeus and Hypercompe hambletoni.
- Species[4]
- Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Bahia
- (Kunth) Pohl – Mexico, Central America
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
- (Torr.) Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Arizona
- (Griseb.) Müll.Arg. – N Argentina
- Pohl – South America
- Müll.Arg. - Goiás
- McVaugh – Jalisco, Nayarit
- Allem – Fr Guiana, NE Brazil
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Bahia
- Müll.Arg. – Central Amer, Dominican Rep, N South America
- – Sergipe
- Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
- (Jacq.) Müll.Arg. – N South America, Trinidad, Curaçao
- Ule – Bahia, Minas Gerais
- Greenm. – N Mexico
- – Goiás, Distrito Federal
- Standl. & Goldman – Mexico
- Allem – Bahia
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Bolivia
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Rio de Janeiro
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – México State, Morelos, Jalisco
- Pohl – Minas Gerais
- Croizat – Arizona, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa
- Allem – Bahia
- Ule – NE Brazil
- Pohl – Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Piauí, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Bahia
- Manihot esculenta Crantz – from Mexico to Brazil
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás, Distrito Federal
- Pittier – NW Venezuela
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
- (Kunth) Pohl – C + N Mexico
- Nassar, D.G.Ribeiro, Bomfim & P.T.C.Gomes – Ceará
- (Pax) D.J.Rogers & Appan – Brazil
- Allem – Goiás
- Pohl – Paraguay, Brazil
- Manihot grahamii Hook. – S Brazil, N Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay
- Chodat & Hassl. – N Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia
- Cruz – Minas Gerais
- – Paraguay
- Ule – Bahia
- Baill. – Minas Gerais
- Mart.Crov. – Rio Grande do Sul, Misiones
- Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Goiás
- Müll.Arg. – Mato Grosso, Bahia
- Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Minas Gerais
- Cruz – São Paulo
- Pax – NW South America
- Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
- Ule – Bahia
- Huber – Pará, Amapá
- V.W.Steinm. – Michoacán
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Mato Grosso
- McVaugh – Colima, Jalisco
- Pax – Paraguay
- Taub. – Goiás
- Müll.Arg. – Goiás, Minas Gerais
- Nassar – Paraná
- Allem – Distrito Federal
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Oaxaca
- J.Jiménez Ram. – Guerrero
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Goiás
- Pohl – Goiás
- Müll.Arg. – Rio de Janeiro
- Brandegee – Puebla, Oaxaca
- Pohl – Goiás
- Pohl – Goiás
- Manihot pentaphylla Pohl – Brazil, Paraguay
- Müll.Arg. – Loreto, San Martin
- Pohl – E Brazil
- Müll.Arg. – Bahia
- Wawra – Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro
- Pax – Paraguay
- S.Watson – Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro
- Müll.Arg. – Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraguay
- Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Ceará, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba
- Manihot pulchrifolius M.J. Silva – Brazil
- Pohl – Goiás
- Pohl – Goiás
- Pohl – Bahia
- Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
- Huber ex D.J.Rogers & Appan – Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso
- Pohl – Bahia
- Pax – Goiás, Minas Gerais
- Müll.Arg. – Mexico, Central America
- I.M.Johnst. – Mexico
- Pohl – Bahia, Goiás, Minas Gerais
- Pohl – Mato Grosso, Goiás
- Pohl – Goiás
- Pax – Distrito Federal, Goiás
- Baill. – Peru, Mato Grosso, Goiás
- Rogers & Appan – Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas
- Müll.Arg. – São Paulo, Paraguay
- Standl. – Morelos, Jalisco, Michoacán
- Pohl – Goiás, Minas Gerais
- (Sessé) McVaugh ex Miranda – Mexico
- (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. – Brazil, Paraguay
- Pohl – Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais
- Müll.Arg. – Venezuela, the 3 Guianas, N Brazil
- Pax & K.Hoffm. – Paraguay
- Pohl – Brazil
- Manihot walkerae Croizat – Texas, Tamaulipas
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Puebla, Oaxaca
- Baill. – Goiás
- D.J.Rogers & Appan – Mato Grosso
- Ule – Bahia
- variety treated as a species
- Manihot carthaginensis subsp. glaziovii = Manihot glaziovii (Müll.Arg.) Allem
- formerly included[4]
moved to Aleurites Cnidoscolus Jatropha
- M. curcas – Jatropha curcas
- M. diversifolia –
- M. gossypiifolia – Jatropha gossypiifolia
- M. herbacea – Cnidoscolus urens
- M. moluccana – Aleurites moluccanus
- M. multifida – Jatropha multifida
- M. spinosissima –
- M. urens – Cnidoscolus urens
Pollination[]
Monoecy was demonstrated by Jennings 1963 and George & Shifriss 1967.[6]
References[]
- ^ a b "Genus: Manihot Mill". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-03-31. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
- ^ lectotype designated by R.A. Howard, Fl. Lesser Antilles 5: 64 (1989)
- ^ a b Tropicos, Manihot Mill.
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition vol. 2
- ^ a b Webster, G. L. (2014). "Euphorbiaceae". In Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume XI - Flowering Plants, Eudicots - Malpighiales. Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 51-216/x+331. ISBN 978-3-642-39416-4. OCLC 868922400. ISBN 978-3-642-39417-1. ISBN 3642394167.
- ^ Second, G.; Iglesias, C. (2001). "Chapter 11: The State of the Use of Cassava Genetic Diversity and a Proposal to Enhance it". In Cooper, H.D.; Spillane, C.; Hodgkin, T. (eds.). Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production. CABI Publications (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International) in association with Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. pp. 201–221. ISBN 978-0-85199-411-6. OCLC 44420773.
External links[]
Media related to Manihot at Wikimedia Commons Data related to Manihot at Wikispecies The dictionary definition of 'Manihot' at Wiktionary
- Manihoteae
- Euphorbiaceae genera
- Taxa named by Philip Miller