Maureen Warner-Lewis

Maureen Warner-Lewis (born 1943) is a Trinidadian and Tobagonian academic whose career focused on the linguistic heritage and unique cultural traditions of the African diaspora of the Caribbean. Her area of focus has been to recover the links between African cultures and Caribbean cultures. She has been awarded multiple prizes for her works, including two Gordon K. and Sybil Lewis Awards, the Gold Musgrave Medal of the Institute of Jamaica, and was inducted into the Literary Hall of Fame of Tobago.

Early life and education[]

Maureen Warner was born in 1943 on Tobago in the British West Indies to Eleene (née Sampson) and Carlton Whitborne Warner.^[1] When she was three, the family moved to Tunapuna, on Trinidad, where she was raised along with three siblings.^[1][2] Her father was a pharmacist and her mother had previously been a teacher in Barbados. Warner graduated from St. Joseph's Convent, Port of Spain, an all-girls high school, and in 1962 entered the University of the West Indies (UWI) in Mona, Jamaica on a scholarship program.^[1] As was typical for British education in the Caribbean at the time, Africa was rarely mentioned.^[3] "Privilege and correctness were associated with things European", while African traditions were "either ignored, or considered contemptible, or ridiculous".^[4] Completing a degree in English literature in 1965, she continued her education with graduate studies at the University of York, where she studied linguistics. She focused on Creole languages and graduated in 1967 with her master's degree.^[1][2]

Career[]

Upon completion of her degree, Warner taught briefly in Trinidad, but in 1968, she moved to the Ekiti region of western Nigeria. She taught English and literature at a boarding school, and learned the Yoruba language, while learning about the culture. She also traveled to other African nations, like Benin, Ghana, and the Ivory Coast.^[2] She returned to the Caribbean in 1970 and was hired as lecturer and English tutor at the University of the West Indies.^[1][5] Her history of teaching and researching in Africa made Warner one of the academics spurred by the Black Power Revolution to retrieve historical links between Africa and the Caribbean and reframe the narrative of black history.^[1] Along with scholars like Edward Kamau Brathwaite, , and Walter Rodney, she focused on recovering and documenting Afro-Caribbean history. She served as editor of the journal Bulletin, African Studies Association of the West Indies.^[1]

In 1973, Warner married Rupert Lewis, also an academic at UWI, and subsequently the couple had a daughter, Yewande and a son Jide.^[6][7] Both of her children were born in Nigeria, where she was attached to the University of Ife and had begun her PhD research on The Yoruba Language in Trinidad. After around seven years, the family moved to Czechoslovakia in 1982, where they immersed themselves in learning the language and customs. The choice of living in Prague was a deliberate one, to foster a sense of global community for her children while at the same time taking them outside of their own culture. After two years in Eastern Europe, the family returned to Jamaica.^[7] Warner-Lewis progressed through the ranks at UWI becoming a Senior Lecturer, Reader and full professor.^[5] She completed her PhD in 1984 and the following year was made head of the English Department at UWI.^[7]

Warner-Lewis' areas of focus were Afro-Caribbean languages and oral literature.^[5] Using linguistic analysis and ethnographic techniques, Warner evaluated cultural traditions, linking them to their ethnic roots.^[1] Her Pan-Caribbean approach based in meticulous research uncovered many linguistic links between Africa and the Caribbean in all aspects of culture.^[8] Included in her major publications are Guinea's Other Suns: The African Dynamic in Trinidad Culture (1991), Yoruba Songs of Trinidad (1994), Trinidad Yoruba: From Mother Tongue to Memory (1996), and African Continuities in the Linguistic Heritage of Jamaica (1996).^[1][9] Her book Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Culture (2003) evaluated the influence from the Congo throughout the region.^[1] It was selected by the Book Industry Association in Jamaica, as the "Best Academic Publication of 2003"; the "Best Publication" of UWI's Faculty of Humanities and Education in 2004; and was honored by the Caribbean Studies Association Conference in 2004 with the Gordon K. and Sybil Lewis Award, after having won over 53 other international entries.^[10]

The following year, Warner-Lewis became a professor emeritus, though she continued to publish and give lectures on Afro-Caribbean traditions.^[11][12] Her book Archibald Monteath: Igbo, Jamaican, Moravian (2007) told the story of a slave who bought his freedom. Her research on his story took her from Eastern Nigeria to Australia, Scotland, and Jamaica to piece together the history which had been left out of the slave narrative published in 1864.^[13] The book garnered Warner-Lewis a second Gordon K. and Sybil Lewis Award beating out 33 other submissions for the prize.^[14] In 2009, she was awarded the Gold Musgrave Medal of the Institute of Jamaica for her contributions and scholarship on the heritage and literary traditions of the Caribbean.^[15] In 2012, Warner-Lewis was inducted into Tobago's Literary Hall of Fame^[11] and in 2015, a second edition of her book Guinea's Other Suns was released by UWI Press.^[16]

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